This chapter reconsiders the complementizer and the tense-mood-aspect systems of the Papiamentu clause within the framework of the split CP (Rizzi 1997) and the split INFL (Pollock 1989) hypotheses, providing new evidence for the left periphery heads. It provides a detailed account of the… read more
This chapter discusses coordinating constructions in Fongbe and in Haitian Creole. In Fongbe, clausal conjunctions also serve as complementizers. In both their functions these lexical items introduce tensed clauses only. They are thus marked as [+tense]. This explains why they cannot be used to… read more
This chapter compares the properties of the functional categories of Saramaccan, Haitian and Papiamentu: The functional categories occurring in nominal structures, conjunctions, complementizers, and Tense, Mood and Aspect markers. read more
This chapter proposes a comparison of the properties of the definite determiners of Saramaccan (with some reference to Haitian), with those of Fongbe and English. The definite determiners per se, the category Number, the demonstrative terms and the possessive phrases are discussed in turn. It is… read more
This book bears on the functional categories of three Caribbean creoles: Saramaccan, Haitian Creole and Papiamentu with two specific goals. The first one is to evaluate the respective contribution of the source languages to the functional categories of the three creoles. The second one is to… read more
This chapter discusses the material presented in this book organized around the various themes announced in the Introduction, and it addresses questions and comments pertinent to the issues related to these themes. The first theme to be addressed is the question of the similarity between the… read more
This chapter discusses the properties and the derivation of the lexical item pa in Papiamentu (Pp). The form pa fulfils several functions: preposition, mood marker, complementizer, and possibly case marker. The first objective of the chapter is to provide a description of the properties of pa for… read more
This chapter bears on the properties of the morpheme ku in Papiamentu. This morpheme is a multifunctional lexical item that serves the functions of preposition, conjunction and complementizer. It is argued that the properties of ku require two lexical entries: ku1, which encompasses its functions… read more
This chapter bears on the properties and on the historical derivation of the multifunctional lexical item táa in Saramaccan. Táa fulfills several functions: it may be used as a verb, a complementizer, a quotative marker, and as a marker conveying similarity or manner. Táa is thus a multifunctional… read more
The form fu (variant u) fulfills several functions. It is a preposition, a mood marker, and a complementizer. Finally, in some contexts, fu appears to function as a case marker. This chapter provides a detailed inventory of all the functions of fu and a detailed description of its properties for… read more
In the literature on the origins and the evolution of language, the general assumption is that language started as a restricted code, referred to as “protolanguage.” Since there is no direct access to data manifesting the nature of incipient human language, it is inferred that restricted linguistic… read more
The aim of this paper is to investigate a subset of the properties of verbs in three Atlantic creoles, Haitian Creole, Saramaccan and Papiamentu – all three created around the same time and sharing the same core substrate languages, but having different lexifier/superstrate languages – and to… read more
This book contains 25 chapters bearing on detailed comparisons of some 30 creoles and their substrate languages. As the substrate languages of these creoles are typologically different, the detailed investigation of substrate features in the creoles leads to a particular answer to the question of… read more
The theory of creole genesis developed in Lefebvre (1998 and related work) is formulated within the framework of the processes otherwise known to play a role in language genesis and language change in general, that is, relexification, grammaticalization and reanalysis. This paper evaluates the… read more
In this paper, I explore the role of lexical diffusion in the development of creole languages through the study of lexical items involved in the double-object construction in Haitian Creole and its substrate languages. First, it is shown that, while the double-object construction is available in… read more
The theory of creole genesis developed in Lefebvre (1998 and related work) is formulated within the framework of the processes otherwise known to play a role in language genesis and language change in general, that is, relexification, grammaticalisation and reanalysis. This paper evaluates the… read more
This paper argues that the respective contributions made to creoles by their substrate and superstrate languages are principled, and that they can be derived from a sound theory of creole genesis. More specifically, it is shown that the division can be derived from the nature and extent of the main… read more
The formfu(variantu) fulfills several functions. It is a preposition selecting NPs and clauses, tensed or infinitival. It is a mood marker occurring either between the subject and the verb, or before the subject. It is a complementiser selected by predicates of thewant-class; as such it is in a… read more
1.Introduction
2. The conjunction b
2.1 b as a coordinating conjunction
2.2 b as a complementiser
2.3 A unified analysis of b
3. The conjunction bó
3.1 bó as a coordinating conjunction
3.2 bó as a complementiser
3.3 A unified account of bó
3.4 Does bó… read more
The aim of this paper is to document the presence of substratum semantics in the verbal inventory of Haitian creole on the basis of a comparison of a sample of verbs in Haitian, French (its lexifier language) and Fongbe (one of its substratum languages). The paper begins with a comparison of the… read more
A multifunctional item is a lexical item that has more than one function. This paper argues that the determiner of Haitian and Fongbe is a multifunctional head. It can appear as the head of several functional category projections, namely, DP, MoodP, TP, and AspP. Given the Projection Principle, how… read more
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, I present a formal representation of the process of relexification hypothesized to play a role in the formation of creole languages. Second, I show how this process operates on the basis of a subset of Haitian data.
It is often assumed that creolization involves a break in the transmission of grammar. On the basis of data drawn from the TMA system of Haitian creole, as compared with those of its source languages — French, the superstratum language, and Fongbe, one of the substratum languages — this paper… read more
In this paper we examine the morphology of Haitian with respect to two issues widely discussed in the literature on creoles: 1) the substratum issue, formulated in our view in terms of the role played by relexification in the formation of Haitian Creole; and 2) the widespread assumption that creole… read more
In this paper we examine several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax in light of the recent proposal that a determiner can be the head of a minor maximal projection. We argue that an incorporation of this proposal into the analysis of several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax, including clause… read more