The connections between language and text (or "langue and parole, " or "competence and performance, " etc.) have been thoroughly obscured by a long-standing tendency to attribute an ideal order to language which is not reflected in texts and then to conclude that texts are too disorderly to be… read more
It is argued that many of the major notions in 'mainstream' linguistic theory and method over the years have been influenced by a 'classical formalist' ambience that suited conventional ideas about how science ought to proceed but fostered an idealized 'frozen' conception of the language system in… read more
An important factor impeding the development of explicit theories of translation has been the centrality of coincidence. Skilled translating consists not of following rules or algorithms of equivalence, but of generating coincidences between the materials of the source language and those of the… read more