This chapter provides a commentary on the other contributions in the volume by relating
them to current dilemmas facing language testers working in policy areas involving
immigration and citizenship. It is argued that the overt construct of language tests for
citizenship (proficiency in… read more
The last two decades have seen the growing use of assessment in the shaping of educational policy in relation to languages. The clearest examples of this in Europe and beyond are the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR: Council of Europe, 2001) and the OECD PISA program for… read more
Language testing research is an increasingly divided field, as it responds to the paradigm shifts in broader applied linguistics research. One the one hand, language testing validation research places a fundamental emphasis on the generalisability of results and the appropriateness of inferences… read more
In this paper an attempt is made to identify the origins and distinctive character of Applied Linguistics in Australia, which differ significantly from those in the United States and the United Kingdom, where the field developed in the context of the English language education of international… read more
The study of language attitudes and language maintenance and shift in intergroup settings has not always been related to an explicit model of the intergroup situation itself. Such a model is available in Tajfel’s Social Identity Theory. This paper explores the potential of the model for predicting… read more