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Article published In:
Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 35:1 (2022) ► pp.173–205

The role of phonological short-term memory in second language phonology

Exploring vowel quality among English-speaking learners of Spanish

ORCID logo | University at Albany, State University of New York
ORCID logo | University of Florida

This study reports on the production of the five Spanish vowels in stressed and unstressed contexts by English-speaking advanced learners of Spanish at two experience levels who differed according to phonological short-term memory (PSTM) capacity. Our findings indicate that learners with higher PSTM capacity were less likely to reduce both stressed and unstressed vowels in Spanish. Consequently, learners with higher PSTM in fourth-year Spanish courses produced vowels that were more native-like than lower PSTM fourth-year learners. On the other hand, higher PSTM graduate students of Spanish produced a Spanish vowel space that was more expanded than that of native Spanish, particularly for /u/, compared to lower PSTM graduate learners, who were more native-like. These findings suggest that PSTM does play a role in second language phonology, even at advanced levels, and may help to explain why individual differences in pronunciation exist even at very high levels of second language proficiency.

Keywords: second language acquisition, phonetics/phonology, individual differences, phonological short-term memory, vowels
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background
    • 2.1Spanish and English vowel systems
    • 2.2L2 acquisition of Spanish vowels
    • 2.3Phonological short-term memory and L2 pronunciation
  • 3.This study
  • 4.Method
    • 4.1Participants
    • 4.2Tasks
      • 4.2.1Measure of PSTM
      • 4.2.2Production task
      • 4.2.3Other tasks
    • 4.3Vowel analysis
    • 4.4Statistical analysis
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Vowel /a/
    • 5.2Vowel /e/
    • 5.3Vowel /i/
    • 5.4Vowel /o/
    • 5.5Vowel /u/
  • 6.Discussion
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Note
  • References
Published online: 25 March 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.20003.zah
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