Article published in:
Romance Linguistics 2013: Selected papers from the 43rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), New York, 17-19 April, 2013
Edited by Christina Tortora, Marcel den Dikken, Ignacio L. Montoya and Teresa O'Neill
[Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 9] 2016
► pp. 233–256

“Toned-up” Spanish

Stress → pitch → tone(?) in Equatorial Guinea

| The Pennsylvania State University
In Equatorial Guinea Spanish is in contact with lexical tone languages of the Bantu family. The present study, based on field data, compares naturalistic Guinean Spanish with the Spanish of from Madrid, the dialect zone that served as primary input for the formation of Guinean Spanish. A preliminary analysis reveals partial convergence of a pitch accent system and lexically specified phonological tones. Guinean Spanish maintains one stress per word culminativity but expands obligatoriness by realizing a pitch accent on every syllable lexically marked for stress. The rate at which pitch accents occur is compared with the distribution of High tones in the two most prominent Guinean languages (Bubi and Fang), and it is suggested that Guineans’ incomplete suppression of natively acquired F0 patterns may be facilitated by the metrical structure of Spanish, which provides for regularly occurring pitch accents whose maximum potential density is similar to that of H tones in Bubi and Fang.
Published online: 03 February 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/rllt.9.13lip
Cited by

Cited by 1 other publications

Lipski, John M.
2020.  In Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 28], ► pp. 13 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 03 april 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Amayo, Airẹn
1980 “Tone in Nigerian English.” Chicago Linguistic Society 16: 1-9.Google Scholar
Bagshaw, Paul
1993 “An Investigation of Acoustic Events Related to Sentential Stress and Pitch Accents in English.” Speech Communication 13: 333-342. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Jonathan, Nanette Veilleux, Alejna Brugos, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
2010 “Tonal Center of Gravity: A Global Approach to Tonal Implementation in a Level-based Intonational Phonology.” Journal of Laboratory Phonology 3: 337-383.Google Scholar
Barrera Vásquez, Alfredo
1980 Estudios lingüísticos. Mérida: Fondo Editorial de Yucatán.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary, Manuel Díaz-Campos, Julia Tevis McGory, and Terrell Morgan
2002 “Intonation across Spanish, in the Tones and Break Indices Framework.” Probus 14: 9-36. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bibang Oyee, Julián-B.
2002 El español guineano: interferencias, guineanismo. Malabo: n.p.Google Scholar
Bullock, Barbara
2009 “Prosody in Contact in French: A Case Study from a Heritage Variety in the USA.” International Journal of Bilingualism 13: 165-194. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Castillo Barril, Manuel
1966 La influencia de las lenguas nativas en el español de la Guinea Ecuatorial. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.Google Scholar
Chen, Charles, Jr., and Ching-Pong Au
2004 “Tone assignment in second language prosodic learning.” Paper presented at Speech Prosody 2004, Nara, Japan (www​.isca​-speech​.org​/archive​/sp2004​/sp04​_091​.html)
Colantoni, Laura, and Jorge Gurlekian
2004 “Convergence and Intonation: Historical Evidence from Buenos Aires Spanish.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(2): 107-119. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Connell, Bruce
2002 “Tone Languages and the Universality of Intrinsic F0: Evidence from Africa.” Journal of Phonetics 30: 101-129. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Connell, Bruce, and D. Robert Ladd
1990 “Aspects of Pitch Realisation in Yoruba.” Phonology 7: 1-29. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
D’Alessandro, Christophe, and Piet Mertens
1995 “Automatic Pitch Contour Stylization Using a Model of Tonal Perception.” Computer Speech and Language 9: 257-288. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Deterding, David
1994 “The Intonation of Singapore English.” Journal of the International Phonetic Association 24: 61-72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
D’Imperio, Mariapaola
2001 “Focus and Tonal Structure in Neapolitan Italian.” Speech Communication 33: 339-356. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Eady, Stephen
1982 “Differences in the F0 Patterns of Speech: Tone Language versus Stress Language.” Language and Speech 25: 29-42.Google Scholar
Elordieta, Gorka
2003 “The Spanish Intonation of Speakers of a Basque Pitch-accent Dialect.” Catalan Journal of Linguistics 2: 67-95.Google Scholar
Elordieta, Gorka, and Nagore Calleja
2005 “Microvariation in Accentual Alignment in Basque Spanish.” Language and Speech 48: 397-439. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Estebas-Vilaplana, Eva, and Pilar Prieto
2008 “La notación prosódica del español: una revisión del Sp_ToBI.” Estudios de Fonética Experimental 17: 265-283.Google Scholar
2010 “Castilian Spanish Intonation.” Transcription of Intonation of the Spanish Language: 17-48.Google Scholar
Face, Timothy
2001 “Focus and Early Peak Alignment in Spanish Intonation.” Probus 13: 223-246. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2002a “Local Intonational Marking of Spanish Contrastive Focus.” Probus 14: 71-92. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2002b “Spanish Evidence for Pitch-accent Structure.” Linguistics 40: 319-345. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2002c “When Push Comes to Shove: Tonal Crowding in Madrid Spanish.” The Linguistic Association of Korean Journal 10: 77-100.Google Scholar
2003 “Intonation in Spanish Declaratives: Differences between Lab Speech and Spontaneous Speech.” Catalan Journal of Linguistics 2: 115-131.Google Scholar
Face, Timothy, and Pilar Prieto
2007 “Rising Accents in Castilian Spanish: A Revision of Sp_ToBI.” Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 5(2): 1-32.Google Scholar
Gandour, Jackson
2007 “Neutral Substrates Underlying the Perception of Linguistic Prosody.” In Tones and Tunes Volume 2: Experimental Studies in Word and Sentence Prosody, ed. by Carlos Gussenhoven, and Tomas Riad, 3-25. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gauthier, Bruno, Rushen Shi, and Yi Xu
2007 “Learning Phonetic Categories by Tracking Movements.” Cognition 103: 80-106. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gut, Ulrike
2005 “Nigerian English Prosody.” English World-Wide 26: 153-177. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gut, Ulrike, and Jan-Torsten Milde
2002 “The Prosody of Nigerian English.” In Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002 Conference, ed. by Bernard Bel, and Isabel Marlien, 367–70. Aix-en-Provence: Laboratoire Parole et Langage.Google Scholar
Harris, James
1983 Syllable Structure and Stress in Spanish. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, Phil
2000 “Acquiring the Phonology of Lexical Tone in Infancy.” Lingua 110: 581–616. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Herman, Rebecca
1996 “Final Lowering in Kipare.” Phonology 13: 171-196. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hermes, Dik
2006 “Stylization of Pitch Contours.” In Methods in Empirical Prosody Research, ed. by Stefan Sudhoff, Denisa Lenertová, Roland Meyer, Sandra Pappert, Petra Augurzky, Ina Mleinek, Nicole Richter, and Johannes Schließer., 29-61. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hualde, José Ignacio
2002 “Intonation in Spanish and the Other Ibero-Romance Languages: Overview and status quaestionis.” In Romance Phonology and Variation: Selected Papers from the 30th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages , ed. by Caroline Wiltshire, and Joaquim Camps, 103-115. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Crossref
Hualde, José Ignacio, and Armin Schwegler
2008 “Intonation in Palenquero.” Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23: 1-31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, Larry
2006 “Word-prosodic Typology.” Phonology 23: 225-257. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009 “How (Not) to Do Phonology: The Case of Pitch Accent.” Language Sciences 31: 213-238. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jowitt, David
2000 “Patterns of Nigerian English Intonation.” English World Wide 21: 63–80. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael
2006 “Tone Loans: The Adaptation of English Loanwords into Yoruba.” In Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. by John Mugane, et al., 136-146. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Levi, Susannah
2002 “Limitations on Tonal Crowding in Turkish Intonation.” Proceedings of 9th International Phonology Conference.
Liberman, Mark, J. Michael Schultz, Soonhyun Hong, and Vincent Okeke
1993 “The Phonetic Interpretation of Tone in Igbo.” Phonetica 50: 147-160. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lim, Lisa
2009 “Revisiting English Prosody: (Some) New Englishes as Tone Languages?” English World-Wide 30: 218-239. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lipski, John
1985 The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1990 El español de Malabo: procesos fonéticos/fonológicos e implicaciones dialectológicas. Madrid/Malabo: Centro Cultural Hispano-Guineano.Google Scholar
2000 “The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea: Research on La Hispanidad's Best-kept Secret.” Afro-Hispanic Review 19: 11-38.Google Scholar
“2004 The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea.” Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studie/s 8: 115-130. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 A History of Afro-Hispanic Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 “El español de Guinea Ecuatorial en el contexto del español mundial.” In La situación actual del español en África, ed. by Gloria Nistal Rosique, and Guillermo Pié Jahn, 79-117. Madrid: Casa de África/SIAL.Google Scholar
2014 “The Many Facets of Spanish Dialect Diversification in Latin America.” In Iberian Imperialism and Language Evolution in Latin America, ed. by Salikoko Mufwene, 38-75. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Llisteri, Joaquim, María Jesús Machuca, Carme de la Mota, Montserrat Riera, and Antonio Ríos
2002 “The Role of F0 Peaks in the Identification of Lexical Stress in Spanish.” In Phonetics and its Applications: Festschrift for Jens-Peter Köster on the Occasion of his 60th birthday, ed. by Angelika Braun, and Herbert Masthoff, 350-361. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
2003 “The Perception of Lexical Stress in Spanish.” In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, ed. by Maria Josep Solé, Daniel Recasens, and Joaquín Romero, 2023-2026. Barcelona: Causal Productions.Google Scholar
Malmberg, Bertil
1950 Etudes sur la phonétique de l'espagnol parlé en Argentine. Lund: Alf Lombard.Google Scholar
Mattock, Karen, and Denis Burnham
2006 “Chinese and English Infants’ Tone Perception: Evidence for Perceptual Reorganization.” Infancy 10: 241-265. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Maye, Jessica, Janet Werker, and LouAnn Gerken
2002 “Infant Sensitivity to Distributional Information Can Affect Phonetic Discrimination.” Cognition 82: B101-B111. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McGory, Julia Tevis, and Manuel Díaz-Campos
2002 “Declarative Intonation Patterns in Multiple Varieties of Spanish.” In Structure, Meaning, and Acquisition of Spanish: Papers from the 4 th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium , ed. by James F. Lee, Kimberly L. Geeslin, and J. Clancy Clements, 73-92. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Megenney, William
1982 “Elementos subsaháricos en el español dominicano.” El español del Caribe, ed. by Orlando Alba, 183‑201. Santiago de los Caballeros: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra.Google Scholar
Michnowicz, Jim, and Hillary Barnes
2013 “A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Pre-nuclear Peak Alignment in Yucatan Spanish.” In Selected Proceedings of the 15th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, ed. by Chad Howe, Sarah Blackwell, and Margaret Lubbers Quesada, 221-235. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. www​.lingref​.com, document #2887.Google Scholar
Morton, Thomas
2005 Sociolinguistic variation and language change in El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Myers, Scott
1998 “Underspecification of Tone in Chichewa.” Phonology 15: 367-391. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Odden, David
1999 “Typological Issues in Tone and Stress in Bantu.” In Proceedings of the Symposium Cross-linguistic Studies of Tonal Phenomena Tonogenesis, Typology, and Related Topics, ed. by Shigeki Kaji, 187-215. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.Google Scholar
Ọdẹ́lọbí, Ọdẹ́tunjí Àjàdí
2008 “Recognition of Tones in Yorùbá Speech: Experiments with Artificial Neural Networks.” Speech, Audio, Image and Biomedical Signal Processing Using Neural Networks, ed. by Bhanu Prasad and S.R.M. Prasanna, 23-47. Berlin: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Rourke, Erin
2004 “Peak Placement in Two Regional Varieties of Peruvian Spanish Intonation.” In Contemporary Approaches to Romance Linguistics (LSRL 33), ed. by Julie Auger, J. Clancy Clements, and Barbara Vance, 321-341. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2005 Intonation and Language Contact: A Case Study of Two Varieties of Peruvian Spanish. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta
2006 “Phonetic Cues to Stress and Accent in Spanish.” In Selected Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonetics and Phonology, ed. by Manuel Díaz-Campos, 104-118. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. www​.lingref​.com, document #1329.Google Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta, and Pilar Prieto
2007 “Disentangling Stress from Accent in Spanish: Production Patterns of the Stress Contrast in De-accented Syllables.” In Segmental and Prosodic Issues in Romance Phonology, ed. by Pilar Prieto, Joan Mascaró, 155-176. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ortega-Llebaria, Marta, Pilar Prieto, and María del Mar Vanrell
2007 “Perceptual Evidence for Direct Acoustic Correlates of Stress in Spanish.” Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1121-1124.Google Scholar
Prieto, Pilar
1998 “The Scaling of the L Tone Line in Spanish Downstepping Contours.” Journal of Phonetics 26: 261-282. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, Pilar, Mariapaola D’Imperio, Gorka Elordieta, Sónia Frota, and Marina Vigário
2006 “Evidence for Soft Preplanning in Tonal Production: Initial Scaling in Romance.” Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2006, 803-896.
Prieto, Pilar, and Paolo Roseano
(eds,) 2010 Transcription of intonation of the Spanish language. München: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
Prieto, Pilar, and Chilin Shih
1995 “Effects of Tonal Clash on Downstepped H* Accents in Spanish.” Proceedings of EUROSPEECH’95 Fourth EUropean Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Vol. 2, pp. 1307-1310).Google Scholar
Prieto, Pilar, Chilin Shih, and Holly Nibert
1996 “Pitch downtrend in Spanish.” Journal of Phonetics 24: 445-473. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, Pilar, Jan van Santen, and Julia Hirschberg
1995 “Tonal Alignment Patterns in Spanish.” Journal of Phonetics 23: 429-451. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Qian, Yao, Tan Lee, and Frank K. Soong
2007 “Tone Recognition in Continuous Cantonese Speech Using Supratone Models.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121: 2936–2945 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quilis, Antonio, and Celia Casado-Fresnillo
1995 La lengua española en Guinea Ecuatorial. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia.Google Scholar
Saffran, Jenny, Elizabeth Johnson, Richard Aslin, and Elissa Newport
1999 “Statistical Learning of Tone Sequences by Human Infants and Adults.” Cognition 70: 27–52. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Scheffers, Michael T.M.
1988 “Automatic Stylization of F0 Contours.” In Proceedings of Speech ’88, ed. by W.A. Ainsworth, and J.N. Holmes, 981-987. Edinburgh: Institute of Acoustics.Google Scholar
Simonet, Miquel
2008 Language Contact in Majorca: An Experimental Sociophonetic Approach. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
2010 “A Contrastive Study of Catalan and Spanish Declarative Intonation: Focus on Majorcan Dialects.” Probus 22: 117-148. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011 “Intonational Convergence in Language Contact: Utterance-final F0 Contours in Catalan-Spanish Early Bilinguals.” Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41: 157-184. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sosa, Juan
1999 La entonación del español. Madrid: CátedraGoogle Scholar
Suárez, Víctor
1980 El español que se habla en Yucatán. Mérida: Universidad de Yucatán.Google Scholar
Taylor, Paul
1992 “The Rise/Fall/Connection Model of Intonation.” Speech Communication 15: 169-186. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2000 “Analysis and Synthesis of Intonation Using the Tilt Model.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107.1697-1714. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wee, Lian-Hee
2008 “Phonological Patterns in the Englishes of Singapore and Hong Kong.” World Englishes 27: 580-501. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Yi
Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of f0 contours.” Journal of Phonetics 27: 55-105. Crossref
Xu, Yi, Szu-wei Chen, and Bei Wang
2012 “Prosodic Focus with and without Post-focus Compression: A Typological Divide within the Same Language family?” The Linguistic Review 29: 131-147. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yeung, H. Henry, Ke Heng Chen, and Janet Werker
2013 “When Does Native Language Input Affect Phonetic Perception? The Precocious Case of Lexical Tone.” Journal of Memory and Language 68: 123-139. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yip, Moira
2002 Tone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Kristine
2010 “Representational Maps from the Speech Signal to Phonological Categories: A Case Study with Lexical Tones.” UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics 15: 1-30. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zamuner, Tania, LouAnn Gerken, and Michael Hammond
2005 “The Acquisition of Phonology Based on Input: A Closer Look at the Relation of Cross-linguistic and Child Language data.” Lingua 115: 1403-1426. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zerbian, Sabine, Susanne Genzel, and Frank Kügler
2010 “Experimental Work on Prosodically-marked Information Structure in Selected African Languages (Afroasiatic and Niger-Congo).” Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2010, 1-4.Google Scholar
Zhang, Jinsong, and Keikichi Hirose
2004 “Tone nucleus modeling for Chinese lexical tone recognition.” Speech Communication 42: 447–466. CrossrefGoogle Scholar