Article outline

• 4.1Tones and tunes in L1 and L2 speech
  • 4.1.1Pitch accent types
  • 4.1.2Phrase accent types
  • 4.1.3Boundary tone types
  • 4.1.4High vs. low tones by position
  • 4.1.5Pitch accent frequency
  • 4.1.6Tunes
• 4.2Intonational phrasing in L1 and L2 speech
  • 4.2.1Intonational phrasing: Frequency
  • 4.2.2Intonational phrasing: Temporal aspects
    • 4.2.2.1IU Length
    • 4.2.2.2Articulation rate
• 4.3F0 range in L1 and L2 speech
  • 4.3.1F0 span
  • 4.3.2F0 level
  • 4.3.3F0 range entrainment
• 4.4Uptalk in L1 and L2 speech
  • 4.4.1F0 range measures of uptalk tunes
  • 4.4.2Slope and duration of uptalk tunes
• 4.5Summary
• Notes