Article published in:
Corpora, Grammar and Discourse: In honour of Susan Hunston
Edited by Nicholas Groom, Maggie Charles and Suganthi John
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 73] 2015
► pp. 211–234

Chapter 9. General extenders in learner language

| University of Gothenburg
The aim of the paper is to study how general extenders are used by Swedish factors.learners of English in comparison with native speakers. The study is based on a corpus of Swedish learners’ spoken English compiled within the international LINDSEI project. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. It is shown that the Swedish learners do not use general extenders in the same way as native speakers; in particular, they ‘underuse’ and ‘overuse’ certain forms and use fewer variants. The qualitative analysis shows that the function of general extenders is also linked to aspects of speaking fluently. Comparisons are also made with the use of general extenders by French, Dutch and German learners on the basis of other spoken learner corpora. The analysis shows that learners’ use of general extenders is affected both by the resources available in the native language and by the social norms and values regarding how the extenders should be used.
Published online: 30 October 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.73.10aij
Cited by

Cited by other publications

Groom, Nicholas
2019. Construction Grammar and the corpus-based analysis of discourses. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 24:3 ► pp. 291 ff. Crossref logo
McCarthy, Michael
2020. Vague language in business and academic contexts. Language Teaching 53:2 ► pp. 203 ff. Crossref logo
Werner, Valentin
2017. Adversative Pragmatic Markers in Learner Language: A Cross-Sectional Perspective. Corpus Pragmatics 1:2 ► pp. 135 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 september 2020. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Aarts, J. & Granger, S.
1998 Tag sequences in learner corpora: A key to interlanguage grammar and discourse. In Computer Learner Corpora, Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching [Language Learning & Language Teaching 6] ,S. Granger, J. Hung & S. Petch-Tyson (eds), 132-141. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aijmer, K.
2002 English Discourse Particles: Evidence from a Corpus [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 10]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013 Understanding Pragmatic Markers: A Study in Variational Pragmatics. Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E.
1999 The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Cheng, W.
2007 The use of vague language across spoken genres in an intercultural Hong Kong Corpus. In Vague Language Explored, J. Cutting (ed.), 161-181. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cheshire, J.
2007 Discourse variation, grammaticalisation and stuff like that. Journal of Sociolinguistics 11(2): 155-193. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
De Cock, S.
2004 Preferred sequences of words in NS and NNS speech. Belgian Journal of English Language and Literatures (BELL), New Series 2: 225-246.Google Scholar
Dines, E.R.
1980 Variation in discourse—‘and stuff like that’. Language in Society 9: 13-33. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dubois, S.
1993 Extension particles, etc. Language Variation and Change 4: 179-203. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Evison, J., McCarthy, M. & O’Keeffe, A.
2007 ‘Looking out for love and all the rest of it’: Vague category markers as shared social space. In Vague Language Explored, J. Cutting (ed.), 138-157. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gilquin, G.
2008 Hesitation markers among EFL learners: Pragmatic deficiency or difference? In Corpus and Pragmatics: A Mutualistic Entente, J. Romero-Trillo (ed.), 119-149. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Gilquin, G., De Cock, S. & Granger, S.
(eds) 2010 The Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage: Handbook and CD-ROM. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Granger, S.
2002 A bird’s-eye view of learner corpus research. In Computer Learner Corpora, Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching [Language Learning & Language Teaching 6], S. Granger, J. Hung & S. Petch-Tyson (eds), 3-33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hasselgren, A.
2002 Sounds a bit foreign. In From the COLT’s mouth … and Others: Language Corpora Studies in Honour of Anna-Brita Stenström, L.E. Breivik & A. Hasselgren (eds), 103-123. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Hunston, S.
2002 Corpora in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jefferson, G.
1991 List-construction as a task and resource. In Interaction Competence, G. Psathas (ed.), 63-92. Lanham MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, J.
2009 The grammar of conversation in advanced spoken learner English: Learner corpus data and language-pedagogical implications. In Corpora and Language Teaching, K. Aijmer (ed.), 203-230. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Keeffe, A.
2004 ‘Like the wise virgins and all that jazz’: Using a corpus to examine vague categorisation and shared knowledge. In Applied Corpus Linguistics: A Multidimensional Perspective, U. Connor & T. Upton (eds), 2-22. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
2006 Investigating Media Discourse. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Overstreet, M.
1999 Whales, Candlelight, and Stuff Like That. General extenders in English discourse. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2011 Vagueness and hedging. In Pragmatics of Society, G. Andersen & K. Aijmer (eds), 293-317. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Overstreet, M. & Yule, G.
1999 Fostering L2 pragmatic awareness. Applied Language Learning 10:1-14.Google Scholar
Pichler, H. & Levey, S.
2011 In search of grammaticalization in synchronic dialect data: General extenders in north-east England. English Language and Linguistics 15(3): 441-471. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Renouf, A.J. & Sinclair, J.M.
1991 Collocational frameworks in English. In English Corpus Linguistics, K. Aijmer & B. Altenberg (eds), 128-143. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Schneider, K.P. & Barron, A.
(eds) 2008 Variational Pragmatics: A Focus on Regional Varieties in Pluricentric Languages [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 178]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stenström, A.-B., Andersen, G. & Hasund, K.
2002 Trends in Teenage Talk: Corpus Compilation, Analysis and Findings [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 8]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. & Denis, D.
2010 The stuff of change: General extenders in Toronto, Canada. Journal of English Linguistics 38(4): 335-368. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Terraschke, A.
2007 Use of general extenders by German non-native speakers of English. IRAL 45: 141-160. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010  Or so, oder so, and stuff like that —general extenders in New Zealand English, German and in learner language. Intercultural Pragmatics 7(3): 449-469. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Terraschke, A. & Holmes, J.
2007 ‘Und tralala’: Vagueness and general extenders in German and New Zealand English. In Vague Language Explored, J. Cutting (ed.), 198-218. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ward, G. & Birner, B.
1993 The semantics and pragmatics of and everything . Journal of Pragmatics 19: 205-214. CrossrefGoogle Scholar