Article published in:
Spanish Learner Corpus Research: Current trends and future perspectives
Edited by Margarita Alonso-Ramos
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 78] 2016
► pp. 3–32

Spanish learner corpus research

Achievements and challenges

| Universidade da Coruña
This chapter presents a state-of-the-art overview of Spanish learner corpus research (SLCR). It starts by emphasizing the uniqueness of a monograph focusing on research dealing with learners of a language other than English. The next section is concerned with the status of Spanish as a foreign language in the world, and as a pluricentric language made up of a set of American and Spanish varieties. After that, the main features of learner corpus design and analysis in SLCR are reviewed. Besides of providing an overview of the main Spanish learner corpora, this chapter directs attention towards some of the challenges that this field of research will have to face. The last section briefly reviews the contributions to this volume.
Keywords: Spanish learner corpora, Spanish as a foreign language, pluricentric Spanish, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis, Computer-aided Error Analysis, learning resources
Published online: 16 December 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.78.01alo
References

References

Ainciburu, C.
2010 Al día. Revista Nebrija de Lingüística Aplicada 7. http://​www​.nebrija​.com​/revista​-linguistica​/index​.html (9 May 2016).
Alonso-Ramos, M., Wanner, L. Vázquez Veiga, N., Vincze, O., Mosqueira, E. & Prieto, S.
2010a Tagging collocations for learners. In Elexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications. Proceedings of eLex2009 [Cahiers du Cental 7], S. Granger & M. Paquot (eds), 375–380. Louvain-la Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Alonso-Ramos, M., Wanner, L., Vincze, O., Casamayor, G., Vázquez Veiga, N., Mosqueira, E. & Prieto, S.
2010b Towards a motivated annotation schema of collocation errors in learner corpora. In Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’10), 19–21 May 2010, Valletta, Malta, N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Odjik, S. Piperidis, M. Rosner & D. Tapias (eds), 3209–3214. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ELRA).Google Scholar
Alonso-Ramos, M., Carlini, R., Codina-Filbà, J., Orol, A., Vincze, O., & Wanner, L.
2015 Towards a learner need-oriented second language collocation writing assistant. In Critical CALL – Proceedings of the 2015 EUROCALL Conference, Padova, Italy, F. Helm, L. Bradley, M. Guarda & S. Thouësny (eds), 16–23. Dublin: Research-publishing.net Crossref (9 May 2016). Crossref
Bailini, S.
2013 SCIL: A Spanish corpus of Italian learners. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences 95: 542–49. DOI: CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barker, F., Salamoura, A. & Saville, N.
2015 Learner corpora and language testing. In Granger et al. (eds), 511–533. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, M.
2005 Computer-based analysis of learner language. In R. Ellis & G.P. Barkhuizen (eds), 335–57. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Blanco, A.
2013 Training and research in phonetics for Spanish as a second language with technological support. The EUROCALL Review 21 (2): 3–26. http://​eurocall​.webs​.upv​.es​/index​.php​?m​=menu​_00​&n​=news​_21​_2
Bley-Vroman, R.
1983 The comparative fallacy in interlanguage studies: The case of systematicity. Language Learning 33: 1–17. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bordón, T. & Liskin-Gasparro, J.E.
2015 The assessment and evaluation of Spanish. In The Routledge Handbook of Hispanic Applied Linguistics, M. Lacorte (ed.), 258–274. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Boyd, A., Hana, J., Nicolas, L., Meurers, D. Wisniewski, K., Abel, A., Schöne, K., Štindlová, B. & Vettori, C.
2014 The MERLIN corpus: Learner language and the CEFR. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’14), 1281–1288. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ELRA) http://​www​.lrec​-conf​.org​/proceedings​/lrec2014​/index​.html
Bravo García, E.
2005 La variedad americana en la enseñanza del español como L2. In Las gramáticas y los diccionarios en la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua, deseo y realidad: Actas del XV Congreso Internacional de ASELE, Sevilla 22–25 de septiembre de 2004, M. Castillo Carballo, O. Cruz Moya, J. M. García Platero & J.P. Mora Gutiérrez (eds), 193–198. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla http://​cvc​.cervantes​.es​/Ensenanza​/biblioteca​_ele​/asele​/asele​_xv​.htm
2008 El español internacional. Madrid: Arco Libros.Google Scholar
Bustos, E. & Sánchez, J.J.
2011 Espalex: un corpus para el estudio de la adquisición del español como lengua extranjera. In La Red y sus aplicaciones en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera: Actas del XXII Congreso Internacional de ASELE, Valladolid. C. Hernández González, A. Carrasco Santana & E. Álvarez Ramos (eds), 149–15. Universidad de Valladolid. http://​cvc​.cervantes​.es​/ensenanza​/biblioteca​_ele​/asele​/pdf​/22​/22​_0014​.pdf
Buyse, K. & González, E.
2012 El corpus de aprendices Aprescrilov y su utilidad para la didáctica de ELE en la Bélgica multilingüe. In Plurilingüismo y enseñanza de ELE en contextos multiculturales. Actas del XXIII Congreso Internacional de la ASELE, B. Blecua Girona, F. Sierra & B. Crous (eds), 247–252. ASELE http://​cvc​.cervantes​.es​/ensenanza​/biblioteca​_ele​/asele​/pdf​/23​/23​_0025​.pdf
Callies, M.
2015 Learner corpus methodology. In Granger et al. (eds), 57–77. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Callies, M. & Götz, S.
2015 Learner Corpora in Language Testing and Assessment [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 70]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Callies, M. & Paquot, M.
2015 An interview with Yukio Tono. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1 (1): 160–171. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Callies, M. & Zaytseva, E.
2013 The Corpus of Academic Learner English (CALE): A new resource for the study of lexico-grammatical variation in advanced learner varieties. In S. Granger, G. Gilquin & F. Meunier (eds), 49–59, Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Campillos Llanos, L.
2014 A Spanish learner oral corpus for computer aided error analysis. Corpora 9 (2): 207–238. DOI: Crossref.Google Scholar
Carlsen, C.
2012 Proficiency level: A fuzzy variable in computer learner corpora. Applied Linguistics 33 (2): 161–183. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cestero, A. & Penadés, I.
2009 Corpus de textos escritos para el análisis de errores de aprendices de E/LE (CORANE). CD-ROM. Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de AlcaláGoogle Scholar
Chambers, A.
2015 The learner corpus as a pedagogic corpus. In Granger et al. (eds), 445–464 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Collentine, J. & Asención-Delaney, Y.
2010 A corpus-based analysis of the discourse functions of ser/estar + adjective in three levels of Spanish FL learners. Language Learning 60 (2): 409–445. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Corino, E.
2008 VALICO: An online corpus of learning varieties of the Italian language. In Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on Lesser Used Languages and Computer Linguistics, >Verena Lyding (ed.), 117–134. http://​www​.eurac​.edu​/en​/research​/autonomies​/commul​/conferences​/Documents​/LULCL%20II%202008​_web​_publication​.pdf
Cotos, E.
2014 Enhancing writing pedagogy with learner corpus data. ReCALL 26 (2): 202–224. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Council of Europe
2001 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Dagneaux, E., Denness, S. & Granger, S.
1998 Computer-aided error analysis. System 26 (2): 163–174. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Degand, L. & Perrez, J.
2004 Causale connectieven in het leerdercorpus Nederlands. N/F Tijdschrift van de Association des Néerlandistes de Belgique Francophone 4:115–127.Google Scholar
Del Valle, J. & Gabriel-Stheman, L.
2004 Lengua y Mercado: El español en la era de la globalización económica. In La batalla del idioma. La intelectualidad hispánica ante la lengua, J. del Valle & L. Gabriel-Stheeman (eds), 253–263. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.Google Scholar
Díaz, L.
2007 Interlengua española. Estudio de Casos. Barcelona: Printulibro Intergrup.Google Scholar
Durrant, P. & Siyanova-Chanturia, A.
2015 Learner corpora and psycholinguistics. In Granger et al. (eds), 57–77. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, R. & Barkhuizen, G.
2005 Analysing Learner Language. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Fairclough, M.
2015 Spanish as a heritage language. In The Routledge Handbook of Hispanic Applied Linguistics, M. Lacorte (ed.), 134–149. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fernández, J., Gates Tapia, A. N. & Lu, X.
2014 Oral proficiency and pragmatic marker use in L2 spoken Spanish: The case of pues and bueno . Journal of Pragmatics 74 :150–164 CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fernández López, S.
1990 Análisis de errores e interlengua en el aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera. PhD dissertation, Universidad Complutense.Google Scholar
Forsberg, F. & Bartning, I.
2010 Can linguistic features discriminate between the communicative CEFR-levels? : A pilot study of written L2 French. In Communicative Proficiency and Linguistic Development: Intersections between SLA and Language Testing [EUROSLA Monograph Series 1], 133–157. http://​su​.diva​-portal​.org​/smash​/record​.jsf​?searchId​=1​&pid​=diva2%3A391851​&dswid​=5536
Gallina, F.
2013 The Lexicon of Spoken Italian by Foreigners: A study on the acquisition of vocabulary by L2 Italian learners between measures of lexical richness and lexical fields. In S. Granger, G. Gilquin & F. Meunier (eds), 179–195. Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Gamallo, P., García, M. del Río, I. & González, I.
2015 Avalingua: Natural language processing for automatic error detection. In Callies & Götz (eds), 35–57.Google Scholar
García-Salido, M. & Alonso-Ramos, M.
Forthcoming. Asignación de niveles de aprendizaje a las colocaciones del Diccionario de colocaciones del español. Revista Signos.
Gilquin, G. & Gries, S.T.
2009 Corpora and experimental methods: A state-of-the-art review. In Corpora and Experimental Methods, G. Gilquin (ed.). Special issue of Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 5 (1): 1–26. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
González Royo, C.
2011 La problemática de la afinidad entre el español y el italiano en la enseñanza/aprendizaje desde la fraseología: el corpus de interlengua oral. Redele, 20 VIII Encuentro práctico de ELE / I.C Nápoles. http://​www​.mecd​.gob​.es​/dctm​/redele​/Material​-RedEle​/Numeros%20Especiales
Granger, S.
1996 From CA to CIA and back. An integrated approach to computerized bilingual and learner corpora. In Languages in Contrast, K. Aijmer, B. Altenberg & M. Johansson (eds), 37–51. Lund: Lund University Press.Google Scholar
1998 The computer learner corpus: A versatile new source of data for SLA research. In Granger (ed.), 3–18.Google Scholar
(ed.) 1998 Learner English on Computer. London: Addison Wesley Longman.Google Scholar
2009 The contribution of learner corpora to second language acquisition and foreign language teaching. A critical evaluation. In Corpora and Language Teaching [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 33], K. Aijmer (ed.), 13–32. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Granger, S., Gilquin, G. & Meunier, F.
(eds) 2013 Twenty Years of Learner Corpus Research: Looking Back, Moving Ahead, Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Granger, S.
2015a Contrastive interlanguage analysis. A reappraisal. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1 (1): 7–24. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2015b The contribution of learner corpora to reference and instructional material design. In Granger et al. (eds), 485–510. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Granger, S., Dagneaux, E., Meunier, F. & Paquot, M.
2009 International Corpus of Learner English, Version 2. Handbook and CD ROM. Louvain la Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Granger, S., Gilquin, G. & Meunier, F.
2015 Introduction: Learner corpus research – Past, present and future. In Granger et al. (eds), 1–5. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(eds) 2015 The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gudmestad, A., House, L. & Geeslin, K.L.
2013 What a Bayesian analysis can do for SLA: New tools for the sociolinguistic study of subject expression in L2 Spanish. Language Learning 63 (3): 371–399. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hana J., Rosen A., Štindlová B. & Jäger, P.
2012 Building a learner corpus. In Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’12), N. Calzolari, K. Choukri, T. Declerck, M.U. Dogan, B. Maegaard, J. Mariani, J. Odijk & S. Piperidis (eds), 3228–3232. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ELRA) http://​www​.lrec​-conf​.org​/proceedings​/lrec2012​/index​.html
Hashimoto, K. & Takeuchi, K.
2012 Prototypical design of learner support material based on the analyisis of non-verbal elements in presentation. In Intelligent Interactive Multimedia: Systems and Services. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services (IIMMS 2012), T. Watanabe, J. Watada, N. Takahashi , R.J. Howlett, L.C. Jain (eds), 531–540. Heidelberg: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Higgins, D., Ramkinemi, C. & Zechner, K.
2015 Learner corpora and automated scoring. In Granger et al. (eds), 587–604. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ife, A.
2004 The L2 learner corpus: Reviewing its potential for the early stages of learning. In Applied Linguistics at the Interface, M. Baynham, A. Deignan & G. White (eds) 91–103. London: Equinox.Google Scholar
Instituto Cervantes
1997–2016 Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes. Niveles de referencia para el español. http://​cvc​.cervantes​.es​/ensenanza​/biblioteca​_ele​/plan​_curricular/
Jantunen, J.
2014 ICLFI – International Corpus of Learner Finnish, LINDAT/CLARIN digital library at Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics, Charles University in Prague. http://​hdl​.handle​.net​/11372​/LRT​-799
Johns, T.
1991 Should you be persuaded: Two samples of data-driven learning materials. In Classroom Concordancing, T. Johns & P. King (eds). English Language Research Journal 4: 1–16.Google Scholar
Lara, L. F.
2007 Por una reconstrucción de la idea de la lengua española. In La lengua, ¿patria común? Ideas e ideologías del español, José del Valle (ed.), 163–181. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert & Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Leacock, C., Chodorow, M. & Tetreault, J.
2015 Automatic grammar- and spell-checking for language. In Granger et al. (eds), 567–586. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G.
1998 Preface. In Granger (ed.), xiv–xx.Google Scholar
Lebsanft, F., Mihatsch, W. & Polzin Haumann, C.
(eds) 2012 El español, ¿desde las variedades a la lengua pluricéntrica? Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.Google Scholar
Leonhardt, K.
2012 El concepto del pluricentrismo en los cursos virtuales del CVC. In Lebsanft et al. (eds), 313–328.Google Scholar
Lozano, C.
2009 CEDEL2: corpus escrito del español como L2. In Applied Linguistics Now: Understanding Language and Mind/La lingüística aplicada actual: comprendiendo el lenguaje y la mente, C.M. Bretones, J.F. Fernández Sánchez, J.R. Ibáñez Ibáñez, M.E. García Sánchez, M.E. Cortés de los Ríos, S. Salaberri Ramiro, M.S. Cruz Martínez, N. Perdú Honeyman & B. Cantizano Márquez (eds), 197–212. Almería: Universidad de Almería.Google Scholar
2015 Learner corpora as a research tool for the investigation of lexical competence in L2 Spanish. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 2 (2): 180–193. DOI: CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lozano, C., & Mendikoetxea, A.
2013 Learner corpora and second language acquisition: The design and collection of CEDEL2. In Automatic Treatment and Analysis of Learner Corpus Data [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 59], A. Díaz-Negrillo, N. Ballier & P. Thompson (eds), 65–100. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lu, H.C.
2010 An annotated Taiwanese learners’ corpus of Spanish, CATE. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 6 (2): 297–300. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lüdeling, A., Walter, M., Kroymann, E. & Adolphs, P.
2005 Multi-level error annotation in learner corpora. In The Corpus Linguistics Conference Series, 1 (1): Proceedings of Corpus Linguistics, Birmingham https://​www​.linguis​-tik​.hu​-berlin​.de​/de​/insti​-tut​/professuren​/korpuslinguis​-tik​/for​-schung​/falko​/pdf​/FALKO​-CL2005​.pdf
Lüdeling, A. & Hirschman, H.
2015 Error annotation systems. In Granger et al. (eds), 135–157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Marsden, E., Myles, F., Rule, S., Mitchell, R.
2002 Oral French interlanguage corpora: Tools for data management and analysis. Centre for Language in Education Occasional Papers 58. Southampton: University of Southampton.Google Scholar
Martínez Pérsico, M.
2013 Pluricentrismo y norma panhispánica del español. Consideraciones críticas sobre el imaginario docente ELE. Mediterráneo. Revista de la Consejería de Educación en Italia, Grecia y Albania 5 (3): 111–129.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M.
2008 Accessing and interpreting corpus information in the teacher education context. Language Teaching 41 (4): 563–574. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mendikoetxea, A.
2014 Corpus-based research in second language Spanish. In The Handbook of Spanish Second Language Acquisition, K.L. Geeslin (ed.), 11–29. Hoboken NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Meunier, F.
2015 Developmental patterns in learner corpora. In Granger et al. (eds), 379–400. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R., Domínguez, L., Arche, M. J., Myles, F. & Marsden, E.
2008 SPLLOC: A new database for Spanish second language acquisition research. In EUROSLA Yearbook 8, L. Roberts, F. Myles & A. David (eds), 287–304. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. & Rodríguez-Louro, C.
2006 Beyond the syntax of the null subject parameter: A look at the discourse-pragmatic distribution of null and overt subjects by L2 learners of Spanish. In The Acquisition of Syntax in Romance Languages [Language Acquisition and Language Disorders 41], V. Torrens & L. Escobar (eds), 401–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moreno Fernández, F.
2000 Qué español enseñar. Madrid: Arco/Libros. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 Las variedades de la lengua española y su enseñanza. Madrid: Arco/Libros.Google Scholar
Moreno Fernández F. & Otero Roth, J.
2013 Atlas de la lengua española en el mundo. Barcelona: Ariel; Madrid: Fundación Telefónica.Google Scholar
Muñoz Liceras, J., Maxwell, D., Laguardia, B., Fernández, D., Fernández, R., Díaz, L.
1997 A longitudinal study of Spanish non-native grammars: Beyond parameters. In Contemporary Perspectives on the Acquisition of Spanish, Vol. 1: Developing Grammars, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux & William R. Glass (eds), 99–132. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Myles, F.
2015 Second language acquisition theory and learner corpus research. In Granger et al. (eds), 309–331. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Osimk-Teasdale, R.
2014 ‘I just wanted to give a partly answer’: Capturing and exploring word class variation in EFL data. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 3 (1): 109–143. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Papadopoulou, D. & Tantos, A.
2014 Greek learner corpus: Approaching agreement errors through stand-off annotation. Workshop: Interlanguage Annotation: From SLA Research to Learner Corpus Research, Book of Abstracts 47th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea, 243–22, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna, Poland.Google Scholar
Parodi, G.
2015 Review article. Corpus de aprendices de español (CAES). Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 2(2):194–200. DOI: CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pérez Serrano, M.
2015 Un enfoque léxico a prueba: Efectos de la instrucción en el aprendizaje de las colocaciones léxicas. PhD dissertation, Univesidad de Salamanca.Google Scholar
Pino, A.
2009 Palabras en interacción: Un corpus de aprendices suecos de E/LE. In A Survey of Corpus-based Research, Pascual Cantos Gómez, Aquilino Sánchez Pérez (eds), 470–487. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia and AELINCO. http://​www​.um​.es​/lacell​/aelinco​/contenido​/pdf​/33​.pdf
Potowski, K.
2014 Heritage learners of Spanish. In The Handbook of Spanish Second Language Acquisition, K.L. Geeslin (ed.), 404–422. Hoboken NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Racine, I.
2012 Spanish learners’ production of French close rounded vowels: A corpus-based perceptual study. In Developmental and Crosslinguistic Perspectives in Learner Corpus Research, Y. Tono, Y. Kawaguchi & M. Minegishi (eds), 205–228. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Real Academia Española, Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
2009 Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Madrid: Espasa.Google Scholar
Reder, S., Harris, K. & Setzler, K.
2003 The multimedia adult ESL learner corpus. TESOL Quaterly 37 (3): 546–557. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez Prieto, J.-P.
2009 Acquisitional patterns of the Spanish copular verbs ‘ser’ and ‘estar’: Data from L2 beginning learners in favor of the declarative/procedural model. RESLA 22: 307–25.Google Scholar
Salazar-García, V. & Eliwey, A. F.
2015 Spanish copulas and the interlanguage of Iraqi university students. In Studies in Learner Corpus Linguistics: Research and Applications for Foreign Language Teaching and Assessment, E. Castello, K. Ackerley & F. Coccetta (eds), 263–278. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Sánchez Rufat, A.
2015a Análisis contrastivo de interlengua y corpus de aprendientes: Precisiones metodológicas. Pragmalingüística 23: 191–210.Google Scholar
2015b La investigación de corpus de aprendientes y el desarrollo de los estudios de la interlengua del español. Language Design: Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Linguistics 17: 57–83.Google Scholar
2016 Las funciones diagnóstica y evaluativa del análisis contrastivo de la interlengua del español basado en corpus. LinRed 13. http://​www​.linred​.es​/numero13​.html
Santos Gargallo, I.
1991 La enseñanza de segundas lenguas. Análisis de errores en la expresión escrita de estudiantes de español cuya lengua nativa es el serbo-croata. PhD dissertation. Universidad Complutense.Google Scholar
Siyanova, A. & Schmitt, N.
2008 L2 learner production and processing of collocation: A multi-study perspective. The Canadian Modern Language Review/La revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes 64 (3): 429–458. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, A. & Umino, T.
2012 Corpus-based analysis of lexical collocations by intermediate Japanese language learners – With a focus on the verb suru. In Developmental and Crosslinguistic Perspectives in Learner Corpus Research, Y. Tono, Y. Kawaguchi & M. Minegishi (eds), 333–353. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tagnin, S.-E.O.
2006 A multilingual learner corpus in Brazil. In Corpus Linguistics around the World. A., Wilson, D., Archer, & P., Rayson (eds), 195–202. Amsterdam: Rodopi.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tenfjord, K., Meurer, P. & Hofland, K.
2006 The ASK Corpus. A language learner corpus of Norwegian as a second language. In Proceedings of the Fitfth International Conference on Languages Resources and Evaluation (LREC’6), 1821–1824. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). http://​www​.lrec​-conf​.org​/proceedings​/lrec2006/
Tognini-Bonelli, E.
2001 Corpus Linguistics at Work [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 6]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tono, Y.
2003 Learner corpora: Design, development and applications. In Proceedings of the 2003 Corpus Linguistics Conference [ICREL Technical Paper 16], D. Archer, P. Rayson, A. Wilson & T. McEnery (eds), 800–809. Lancaster University.Google Scholar
2013 Criterial feature extraction using parallel learner corpora. In Automatic Treatment and Analysis of Learner Corpus Data [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 59], A. Díaz-Negrillo, N. Ballier & P. Thompson (eds), 169–203. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Torrent-Lenzen, A.
2006 Unidad y pluricentrismo en la comunidad hispanohablante: cultivo y mantenimiento de una norma panhispánica unificada. Titz: Axel Lenzen.Google Scholar
Tracy-Ventura, N., McManus, K., Norris, J., & Ortega, L.
2014 “Repeat as much as you can”: Elicited imitation as a measure of oral proficiency in L2 French. In Measuring L2 Proficiency: Perspectives from SLA, P. Leclercq, A. Edmonds & H. Hilton (eds), 143–166. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Valverde, M.P & Ohtani, A.
2012 Automatic detection of gender and number agreement errors in Spanish texts written by Japanese learners. In Proceedings of the 26th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation (PACLIC 26), Manurung, R. & Bond, F. (eds), 299–307. Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia. https://​sites​.google​.com​/site​/valverdemp​/research​/publications
Valverde, M. P. & Ohtani, A.
2014 Annotating article errors in Spanish learner texts: Design and evaluation of an annotation scheme. In Proc. of the 28th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC), 12–14 December 2014, Phuket (Thailand), W. Aroonmanakun, T. Supnithi & P. Boonkwan (eds), 234–243.Google Scholar
Vande Casteele, A. & Collewaert, K.
2013 The use of discourse markers in Spanish language learners’ written compositions. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences 95: 550–556. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vázquez, G.
1991 Análisis de errores y aprendizaje de español/lengua extranjera [Studia Romanica et Linguistica 25]. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Vincze, O., Alonso-Ramos, M., Mosqueira, E. & Prieto, S.
2011 Exploiting a learner corpus for the development of a CALL environment for learning Spanish collocations. In Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century: New Applications for New Users. Proceedings of eLex 2011, I. Kosem & K. Kosem (eds), 280–85. Ljubljana: Trojina, Institute for Applied Slovene Studies.Google Scholar
Wanner, L., Verlinde, S. & Alonso-Ramos, M.
2013 Writing assistants and automatic lexical error correction: Word combinatorics. In Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century: Thinking Outside the Paper. Proceedings of the eLex 2013 Conference, 17–19 October 2013 Tallinn, Estonia, I. Kosem, J. Kallas, P. Gantar, S. Krek, M. Langemets & M. Tuulik (eds), 472–487. Ljubljana/Tallinn: Trojina, Institute for Applied Slovene Studies & Eesti Keele Instituut. http://​eki​.ee​/elex2013​/proceedings​/eLex2013​_33​_Wanner+Verlinde+Alonso​-Ramos​.pdf
Wulff. S. & Gries, S.-T.
2011 Corpus-driven methods for assessing accuracy in learner production. In Second Language Task complexity: Researching the Cognition Hypothesis of Language Learning and Performance [Task-Based Language Teaching 2], P. Robinson (ed.), 61–87, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yuldashev, A., Fernandez, J. & Thorne, S.-L.
2013 Second language learners’ contiguous and discontiguous multi-word unit use over time. Modern Language Journal 97: 31–45.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by other publications

Gudmestad, Aarnes, Amanda Edmonds & Thomas Metzger
2019. Using Variationism and Learner Corpus Research to Investigate Grammatical Gender Marking in Additional Language Spanish. Language Learning 69:4 ► pp. 911 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 december 2020. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.