Part of
Language Attrition: Theoretical perspectivesEdited by Barbara Köpke, Monika S. Schmid, Merel Keijzer and Susan Dostert
[Studies in Bilingualism 33] 2007
► pp. 135–153
Edited by Barbara Köpke, Monika S. Schmid, Merel Keijzer and Susan Dostert
[Studies in Bilingualism 33] 2007
► pp. 135–153
The role of L1 use for L1 attrition
While the factor ‘language contact’ is often named among the most important for the development of individual language attrition, empirical validations of this claim are few and far between. This contribution argues that a bilingual’s use of the first language comprises very diverse situations which cannot be subsumed under one predictor variable. Grosjean’s (2001) framework of language modes is invoked as a useful way of structuring the use of the L1 by immigrants. A statistical investigation of these different types of L1 use on the one hand and language proficiency data on the other demonstrates that the impact of both active and passive exposure to the first language on attrition is anything but straightforward.
Keywords: activation, German, inhibition, language mode, language use
Cited by
Cited by 65 other publications
Aalberse, Suzanne & Francesca R. Moro
2014. Stability in Chinese and Malay heritage languages as a source of divergence. In Stability and Divergence in Language Contact [Studies in Language Variation, 16], ► pp. 141 ff. 
Ahumada-Ebratt, Lyanne, Barbara Köpke & Kleopatra Mytara
2018. Les différentes langues du multilingue en interaction : entre influence translinguistique et attrition. Revue française de linguistique appliquée Vol. XXIII:2 ► pp. 15 ff.
Albirini, Abdulkafi
2014. Toward understanding the variability in the language proficiencies of Arabic heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 18:6 ► pp. 730 ff.
Arslan, Seçkin & Roelien Bastiaanse
2020. Chapter 6. First language exposure predicts attrition patterns in Turkish heritage speakers’ use of grammatical evidentiality. In Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 60], ► pp. 105 ff.
Bar-Shalom, Eva G. & Elena Zaretsky
2008. Selective attrition in Russian-English bilingual children: Preservation of grammatical aspect. International Journal of Bilingualism 12:4 ► pp. 281 ff.
Bermúdez-Margaretto, Beatriz, Federico Gallo, Mikhail Pokhoday, Yury Shtyrov, Hamutal Kreiner & Andriy Myachykov
2021. Understanding Language Attrition through Orthography. Languages 6:4 ► pp. 199 ff.
Brooks, Patricia J. & Vera Kempe
2019. More Is More in Language Learning: Reconsidering the Less‐Is‐More Hypothesis. Language Learning 69:S1 ► pp. 13 ff.
Bylund, Emanuel
2014. Unomathotholoori-radio? Factors predicting the use of English loanwords among L1 isiXhosa–L2 English bilinguals. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 35:2 ► pp. 105 ff.
Bylund, Emanuel & Pedro Ramírez-Galan
2016. Language Aptitude in First Language Attrition: A Study on Late Spanish-Swedish Bilinguals. Applied Linguistics 37:5 ► pp. 621 ff.
Chaouch-Orozco, Adel & Fernando Martín-Villena
2024. Network science reveals the early signs of L1 lexical attrition: Introducing the Lexical Attrition Foundation (LeAF) framework. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition ► pp. 1 ff.
Cherciov, Mirela
2012. Vocabulary Loss in the First Language. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Cherciov, Mirela
2013. Investigating the impact ofattitudeon first language attrition and second language acquisition from a Dynamic Systems Theory perspective. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:6 ► pp. 716 ff.
Costa, Albert & Núria Sebastián-Gallés
2014. How does the bilingual experience sculpt the brain?. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 15:5 ► pp. 336 ff.
Annick De Houwer & Lourdes Ortega
2018. The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingualism,
DE LEEUW, ESTHER, MONIKA S. SCHMID & INEKE MENNEN
2010. The effects of contact on native language pronunciation in an L2 migrant setting. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
Dragoy, Olga, Ekaterina Virfel, Anna Yurchenko & Roelien Bastiaanse
2019. Aspect and tense attrition in Russian-German bilingual speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:1 ► pp. 275 ff.
Ecke, Peter & Christopher J. Hall
2013. Tracking tip-of-the-tongue states in a multilingual speaker: Evidence of attrition or instability in lexical systems?. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:6 ► pp. 734 ff.
Gallo, Federico, Beatriz Bermudez-Margaretto, Yury Shtyrov, Jubin Abutalebi, Hamutal Kreiner, Tamara Chitaya, Anna Petrova & Andriy Myachykov
2021. First Language Attrition: What It Is, What It Isn’t, and What It Can Be. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15
Gallo, Federico, Keerthi Ramanujan, Yury Shtyrov & Andriy Myachykov
2021. Attriters and Bilinguals: What’s in a Name?. Frontiers in Psychology 12
Gharibi, Khadijeh & Frank Boers
2017. Influential factors in incomplete acquisition and attrition of young heritage speakers’ vocabulary knowledge. Language Acquisition 24:1 ► pp. 52 ff.
Gharibi, Khadijeh & Frank Boers
2019. Influential factors in lexical richness of young heritage speakers’ family language: Iranians in New Zealand. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:2 ► pp. 381 ff.
Gindis, Boris
2021. Rehabilitation and Remediation of Internationally Adopted Children,
Gürel, Ayşe
2015. First language attrition of constraints on wh-scrambling: Does the second language have an effect?. International Journal of Bilingualism 19:1 ► pp. 75 ff.
Jessner, Ulrike, Kathrin Oberhofer & Manon Megens
2021. The attrition of school-learned foreign languages: A multilingual perspective. Applied Psycholinguistics 42:1 ► pp. 19 ff.
JIA, RUITING & JOHANNE PARADIS
2015. The use of referring expressions in narratives by Mandarin heritage language children and the role of language environment factors in predicting individual differences. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18:4 ► pp. 737 ff.
Karayayla, Tuğba
2020. Effects of first language attrition on heritage language input and ultimate attainment. In Lost in Transmission [Studies in Bilingualism, 59], ► pp. 34 ff.
Karayayla, Tuğba & Monika S. Schmid
2019. First Language Attrition as a Function of Age at Onset of Bilingualism: First Language Attainment of Turkish–English Bilinguals in the United Kingdom. Language Learning 69:1 ► pp. 106 ff.
Karpava, Sviatlana, Natalia Ringblom & Anastassia Zabrodskaja
2022. Comparing Family Language Policy in Cyprus, Estonia and Sweden: Efforts and Choices Among Russian-Speaking Families. In Transmitting Minority Languages [Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities, ], ► pp. 279 ff.
KIM, JI-HYE, SILVINA MONTRUL & JAMES YOON
2010. Dominant language influence in acquisition and attrition of binding: Interpretation of the Korean reflexivecaki. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13:1 ► pp. 73 ff.
Köpke, Barbara & Dobrinka Genevska-Hanke
2018. First Language Attrition and Dominance: Same Same or Different?. Frontiers in Psychology 9
Lahmann, Cornelia, Rasmus Steinkrauss & Monika S. Schmid
2016. Factors Affecting Grammatical and Lexical Complexity of Long‐Term L2 Speakers’ Oral Proficiency. Language Learning 66:2 ► pp. 354 ff.
Lubińska, Dorota
2018. A Small-Scale Study on the Relationship between First Language Attrition and Language Attitudes in Polish Speakers in Sweden. Scando-Slavica 64:2 ► pp. 283 ff.
Major, Roy C.
2010. First language attrition in foreign accent perception. International Journal of Bilingualism 14:2 ► pp. 163 ff.
Makarova, Veronika, Natalia Terekhova & Amin Mousavi
2019. Children’s language exposure and parental language attitudes in Russian-as-a-heritage-language acquisition by bilingual and multilingual children in Canada. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:2 ► pp. 457 ff.
Mehdiabadi, Fatemeh, Nina Maadad & Ali Arabmofrad
2020. The Role of First Language Attrition in Persian Idiomatic Expressions. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 49:4 ► pp. 607 ff.
Mickan, Anne, James M. McQueen, Laurel Brehm & Kristin Lemhöfer
2023. Individual differences in foreign language attrition: a 6-month longitudinal investigation after a study abroad. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 38:1 ► pp. 11 ff.
Montrul, Silvina
2009. Knowledge of tense-aspect and mood in Spanish heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 13:2 ► pp. 239 ff.
Mytara, Kleopatra & Barbara Köpke
2024. Which extralinguistic factors affect written production skills in foreign language attrition? A longitudinal study of Greek learners having acquired French in a formal instructional setting. The Language Learning Journal 52:2 ► pp. 172 ff.
Nault, Jean‐François
2019. The Linguistic Continuity of Ontario's Minority Francophone Population: Examining the Relationship between Culture and Linguistic Practices. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 56:4 ► pp. 472 ff.
Olfert, Helena
Polinsky, Maria
2016. Looking ahead. In Advances in Spanish as a Heritage Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 49], ► pp. 325 ff.
Rothman, Jason
2009. Understanding the nature and outcomes of early bilingualism: Romance languages as heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingualism 13:2 ► pp. 155 ff.
Saud Alharbi, Amirah, Anouschka Foltz, Lisa Kornder & Ineke Mennen
2023. L2 acquisition and L1 attrition of VOTs of voiceless plosives in highly proficient late bilinguals. Second Language Research 39:4 ► pp. 1133 ff.
Schmid, Monika S & Gülsen Yilmaz
2021. Lexical Access in L1 Attrition—Competition versus Frequency: A Comparison of Turkish and Moroccan Attriters in the Netherlands. Applied Linguistics 42:5 ► pp. 878 ff.
Schmid, Monika S.
2011. Language Attrition and Identity. In Culture and Neural Frames of Cognition and Communication [On Thinking, ], ► pp. 185 ff.
Schmid, Monika S.
2012. Attrition and Multilingualism. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Schmid, Monika S.
Schmid, Monika S.
2013. First language attrition. WIREs Cognitive Science 4:2 ► pp. 117 ff.
Schmid, Monika S.
2014. The Debate on Maturational Constraints in Bilingual Development: A Perspective from First-Language Attrition. Language Acquisition 21:4 ► pp. 386 ff.
Schmid, Monika S.
2019. Language Attrition as a Problem for LADO. In Language Analysis for the Determination of Origin [Language Policy, 16], ► pp. 155 ff.
Schmid, Monika S. & Kristy Beers Fägersten
2010. Disfluency Markers in L1 Attrition. Language Learning 60:4 ► pp. 753 ff.
Schmid, Monika S. & Barbara Köpke
2017. The relevance of first language attrition to theories of bilingual development. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:6 ► pp. 637 ff.
Schmid, Monika S., Barbara Köpke & Kees de Bot
2013. Language attrition as a complex, non-linear development. International Journal of Bilingualism 17:6 ► pp. 675 ff.
SCHMITT, ELENA
2010. When boundaries are crossed: Evaluating language attrition data from two perspectives. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13:1 ► pp. 63 ff.
Seton, Bregtje & Monika S. Schmid
2016. Multi-competence and first language attrition. In The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multi-Competence, ► pp. 338 ff.
Silva, Cristiane & Pablo Arantes
2022. A qualitative study on the variability in intonation learning and attrition in brazilian portuguese bilingual speakers of spanish l2. Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos 64 ► pp. e022022 ff.
Stoehr, Antje, Mina Jevtović, Angela de Bruin & Clara D. Martin
2023. Phonetic and Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence in Early Spanish–Basque–English Trilinguals. Language Learning
Sučková, Magda
2020. First language attrition in voice onset times in Anglophone expatriates residing in the Czech Republic. Brno studies in English :2 ► pp. 47 ff.
Sypiańska, Jolanta
2016. Multilingual acquisition of vowels in L1 Polish, L2 Danish and L3 English. International Journal of Multilingualism 13:4 ► pp. 476 ff.
WOLFF, PHILLIP & TATYANA VENTURA
2009. When Russians learn English: How the semantics of causation may change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
Yildiz, Yasemin & Hande Koyuncuoglu
2017. The attrition of Turkish as a third language. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 168:2 ► pp. 278 ff.
Yılmaz, Gülsen & Monika S. Schmid
2018. Chapter 11. First language attrition and bilingualism. In Bilingual Cognition and Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 54], ► pp. 225 ff.
Zaretsky, Elena & Eva G. Bar-Shalom
2010. Does reading in shallow L1 orthography slow attrition of language-specific morphological structures?. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 24:4-5 ► pp. 401 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
2022. Language Loss in Adults and Children. In The Mysteries of Bilingualism, ► pp. 59 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 10 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.