Part of
Third Language Acquisition in AdulthoodEdited by Jennifer Cabrelli, Suzanne Flynn and Jason Rothman
[Studies in Bilingualism 46] 2012
► pp. 143–164
Edited by Jennifer Cabrelli, Suzanne Flynn and Jason Rothman
[Studies in Bilingualism 46] 2012
► pp. 143–164
Further evidence in support of the Cumulative-Enhancement Model
CP structure development
The Cumulative- Enhancement Model proposed by Flynn et al. (2004) seeks to provide an explanatory model for multiple language acquisition. Results reported in this paper present further evidence in support of this model. Results of an elicited imitation task comparing the production of relative clauses by learners of German L1 and Hungarian L1/German L2 acquiring L2 and L3 English respectively at three levels of proficiency indicate, on the one hand, an increased facilitation in subsequent acquisition with each new language learned and, on the other hand, development of syntactic knowledge in L3 acquisition that cannot be explained in terms of an astructural transfer from the last language learned.
Cited by (39)
Cited by 39 other publications
Otwinowska, Agnieszka
2024. Cross-linguistic influence and language co-activation in acquiring L3 words: What empirical evidence do we have so far?. Second Language Research 40:3 ► pp. 765 ff. 
Syed, Nasir Abbas & Shah Bibi
2024. VOT for plosives in the indigenous languages of Balochistan. Journal of Second Language Studies
Angelovska, Tanja, Dietmar Roehm & Sabrina Weinmüller
2023. Uncovering transfer effects of dominance and proficiency in L3 English acquisition using the visual moving window paradigm and grammaticality judgments. Applied Linguistics Review 14:1 ► pp. 115 ff.
Desmarais, Martin
2023. Comparing two notions of transfer in third language phonological acquisition. In L3 Development After the Initial State [Studies in Bilingualism, 65], ► pp. 76 ff.
Jamali, Maryam, Ali Akbar Jabbari & Mohammad Hasan Razmi
2023. Acquisition of attributive adjectives and noun adjuncts by L3 learners of French and German: further evidence for the typological primacy model (TPM). International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 61:3 ► pp. 851 ff.
Chau, Luan Tuyen, Marielle Leijten, Sarah Bernolet & Lieve Vangehuchten
2022. Envisioning multilingualism in source-based writing in L1, L2, and L3: The relation between source use and text quality. Frontiers in Psychology 13
Kolb, Nadine, Natalia Mitrofanova & Marit Westergaard
2022. Crosslinguistic influence in child L3 English: An empirical study on Russian-German heritage bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism 26:4 ► pp. 476 ff.
Arıbaş, Derya Şekerci & Filiz Cele
2021. Acquisition of articles in L2 and L3 English: the influence of L2 proficiency on positive transfer from L2 to L3. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 42:1 ► pp. 19 ff.
Cabrelli, Jennifer & Carrie Pichan
2021. Initial phonological transfer in L3 Brazilian Portuguese and Italian. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 11:2 ► pp. 131 ff.
Chuang, Yu‐Ying, Melanie J. Bell, Isabelle Banke & R. Harald Baayen
2021. Bilingual and Multilingual Mental Lexicon: A Modeling Study With Linear Discriminative Learning. Language Learning 71:S1 ► pp. 219 ff.
Jo, Kyuhee, Kitaek Kim & Hyunwoo Kim
2021. Children's interpretation of negation and quantifier scope in L3 English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 24:3 ► pp. 427 ff.
Marciszewska, Agnieszka A
2021. L3 morphosyntactic processing among Polish–English bilinguals: Considering learners’ level of bilingualism and language dominance. Open Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 353 ff.
Westergaard, Marit
2021. Microvariation in multilingual situations: The importance of property-by-property acquisition. Second Language Research 37:3 ► pp. 379 ff.
Fernández-Berkes, Éva & Suzanne Flynn
2020. Where DLC Meets Multilingual Syntactic Development. In Dominant Language Constellations [Educational Linguistics, 47], ► pp. 57 ff.
Fernández-Berkes, Éva & Suzanne Flynn
2021. Vindicating the need for a principled theory of language acquisition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 11:1 ► pp. 30 ff.
Fernández-Berkes, Éva & Suzanne Flynn
2023. Grammatical mapping in L3 acquisition. In L3 Development After the Initial State [Studies in Bilingualism, 65], ► pp. 8 ff.
Grey, Sarah
2020. What can artificial languages reveal about morphosyntactic processing in bilinguals?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23:1 ► pp. 81 ff.
Puig-Mayenco, Eloi & Jason Rothman
2020. Low proficiency does not mean ab initio: A methodological footnote for linguistic transfer studies. Language Acquisition 27:2 ► pp. 217 ff.
刘, 芳
2020. A Comparative Study on the Associative Pattern of L2 and L3 Mental Lexicon. Modern Linguistics 08:04 ► pp. 601 ff.
Figueiredo, Sandra
2019. Competition Strategies during Writing in a Second Language: Age and Levels of Complexity. Languages 4:1 ► pp. 11 ff.
Hopp, Holger
2019. Cross-linguistic influence in the child third language acquisition of grammar: Sentence comprehension and production among Turkish-German and German learners of English. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:2 ► pp. 567 ff.
Lago, Sol, Anna Stutter Garcia & Claudia Felser
2019. The role of native and non-native grammars in the comprehension of possessive pronouns. Second Language Research 35:3 ► pp. 319 ff.
Ortin, Ramses & Carmen Fernandez-Florez
2019. Transfer of variable grammars in third language acquisition. International Journal of Multilingualism 16:4 ► pp. 442 ff.
Rothman, Jason, Jorge González Alonso & Eloi Puig-Mayenco
2019. Third Language Acquisition and Linguistic Transfer,
Benmamoun, Elabbas & Abdulkafi Albirini
2018. IS LEARNING A STANDARD VARIETY SIMILAR TO LEARNING A NEW LANGUAGE?. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
Alonso, Jorge González & Jason Rothman
2017. Coming of age in L3 initial stages transfer models: Deriving developmental predictions and looking towards the future. International Journal of Bilingualism 21:6 ► pp. 683 ff.
González Alonso, Jorge & Jason Rothman
2017. Chapter 12. From theory to practice in multilingualism. In L3 Syntactic Transfer [Bilingual Processing and Acquisition, 5], ► pp. 277 ff.
Alonso, Jorge González, Jason Rothman, Denny Berndt, Tammer Castro & Marit Westergaard
2017. Broad scope and narrow focus: On the contemporary linguistic and psycholinguistic study of third language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism 21:6 ► pp. 639 ff.
Angelovska, Tanja
2017. Chapter 9. (When) do L3 English learners transfer from L2 German?. In L3 Syntactic Transfer [Bilingual Processing and Acquisition, 5], ► pp. 195 ff.
Angelovska, Tanja & Angela Hahn
2017. L3 syntactic transfer – an integrative approach. In L3 Syntactic Transfer [Bilingual Processing and Acquisition, 5], ► pp. 1 ff.
Imaz Agirre, Ainara & María del Pilar García Mayo
2017. Chapter 7. Transfer effects in the acquisition of double object constructions in English as an L3. In L3 Syntactic Transfer [Bilingual Processing and Acquisition, 5], ► pp. 143 ff.
Westergaard, Marit, Natalia Mitrofanova, Roksolana Mykhaylyk & Yulia Rodina
2017. Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language: The Linguistic Proximity Model. International Journal of Bilingualism 21:6 ► pp. 666 ff.
Kang, Hyun-Sook
2016. Subject-Object Asymmetry in the Second Language Acquisition of English Relatives and Embedded Wh-Questions. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 45:6 ► pp. 1389 ff.
GIANCASPRO, DAVID, BECKY HALLORAN & MICHAEL IVERSON
2015. Transfer at the initial stages of L3 Brazilian Portuguese: A look at three groups of English/Spanish bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18:2 ► pp. 191 ff.
ROTHMAN, JASON
2015. Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) of third language (L3) transfer: Timing of acquisition and proficiency considered. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18:2 ► pp. 179 ff.
Rothman, Jason, José Alemán Bañón & Jorge González Alonso
2015. Neurolinguistic measures of typological effects in multilingual transfer: introducing an ERP methodology. Frontiers in Psychology 6
Albirini, Abdulkafi
2014. The Role of the Colloquial Varieties in the Acquisition of the Standard Variety: The Case of Arabic Heritage Speakers. Foreign Language Annals 47:3 ► pp. 447 ff.
Berkes, Éva & Suzanne Flynn
2012. Enhanced L3…Ln Acquisition and its Implications for Language Teaching. In Cross-linguistic Influences in Multilingual Language Acquisition [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 1 ff.
Berkes, Éva & Suzanne Flynn
2016. Multi-competence and syntax. In The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multi-Competence, ► pp. 206 ff.
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