Chapter 1.Introduction
1
1.1Verb-particle data
2
1.1.1The alternation problem and a possible solution
2
1.1.2More Norwegian data to be considered
5
1.1.3Norwegian in a Scandinavian perspective
9
1.1.4The Norwegian language situation – and the rendition of Norwegian examples
11
1.2Basic theoretical assumptions
13
1.2.1X-bar theory
14
1.2.2Neo-constructivism
14
1.3Parameters and syntactic micro-variation
16
1.3.1(Micro-)Parameters as first-, second-, or third-factor principles?
17
1.3.2Phrase structural vs. operational variation
19
1.3.3Dialects as a comparative object of study
21
1.4Dialectological sources and tools
22
1.4.1Corpus data
23
1.4.2Norsk Ordbok ‘The Norwegian Dictionary’
27
1.4.3Norwegian dialectological sources
28
1.4.4Introspective examples
28
1.4.5Acceptability judgement of the Norwegian particle distribution
31
1.5The structure of the book
33
Chapter 2.Norwegian verb-particle data
35
2.1Simplex constructions
36
2.1.1Previous accounts
36
2.1.2The Nordic Dialect Corpus
42
2.1.3Fieldwork in Trøndelag (and Nordmøre)
50
2.2V + LPrt spelled out with word accent
52
2.3Complex constructions
53
2.3.1Verb-particles followed by a resultative PP
53
2.3.2Complex phrasal particles
57
2.4Ground promotion
58
2.5Unaccusatives
59
2.6Conclusion
60
Chapter 3.The alternation problem and the status of the particle – previous approaches
63
3.1The alternation problem
64
3.1.1The Prt-DP base order
65
3.1.2The DP-Prt order
78
3.1.3Evaluation and the data problem
86
3.2The status of the particle
88
3.2.1The V-Prt relation in Zeller (2001)
88
3.2.2The particle as an identifier of result state in a decomposed VP
99
3.3Conclusion
106
Chapter 4.The structure of Norwegian verb-particle constructions
109
4.1The basic assumptions
110
4.1.1Some basic assumptions from the Larsen (2014) model
110
4.1.2Particle topicalisation
113
4.1.3Rett ‘right’ modification
114
4.1.4V2 and stranded particle
115
4.1.5Preliminary hypotheses
115
4.2Simplex constructions
117
4.2.1Structural semantics, lexical semantics, and world knowledge
117
4.2.2The structure as the primary carrier of meaning
118
4.2.3The basic semantics of prepositions and the lexical modification of the structure
123
4.2.4World knowledge: Possible S-semantic modification of structural semantics
132
4.3Complex constructions
135
4.3.1Constructions with a full resultative PP
135
4.3.2Constructions with complex phrasal particles
140
4.4Ground promotion
143
4.4.1Earlier accounts and new data
143
4.4.2The analysis
149
4.4.3The case of ut ‘out’, inn ‘in(to)’, opp ‘up’ and ned ‘down’
152
4.4.4Conclusion
155
4.5Unaccusatives
156
4.5.1Personal vs. impersonal unaccusatives
156
4.5.2Meteorological constructions
159
4.6Conclusion
163