The double object construction in 19th‑ and 20th‑century Swedish
This paper presents a study of the double object construction
(DOC) in 19th‑ and 20th‑century Swedish, focussing on the semantic range of
the construction. The results show that throughout this period, the Swedish
DOC occurs with verbs of transfer (e.g. ge ‘give’), future
transfer (erbjuda ‘offer’), dispossession
(beröva ‘deprive’), hindrance (neka
‘deny’), communication (säga ‘say’), causation
(förorsaka ‘cause’), creation and obtaining
(laga ‘cook’, skaffa ‘obtain’) as well
as verbs of attitude (avundas ‘envy’). Verbs of benefaction
and malefaction (öppna ‘open’, spärra
‘block’) are found in the 19th‑century data, but do not occur in the DOC in
present-day Swedish anymore. Over time, verbs of transfer have come to
constitute the majority of the instances of the DOC, while most other
semantic categories have undergone a decrease in token frequency, relative
to the construction as a whole. These findings suggest that since the
beginning of the 19th century, the Swedish DOC has undergone a process of
semantic specialization, similar to the development of the corresponding
constructions in English (Colleman and De
Clerck 2011; Zehentner 2018) and Dutch (Colleman 2011). The study also reveals a decline in
text frequency and overall type frequency of the DOC as a whole, indicating
that the construction has become less productive over the last two
centuries.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background
- 2.1Ditransitive verbs and the double object construction in
Swedish
- 2.2Accounts of the double object construction in other Germanic
languages
- 2.3Semantic categories employed to describe the double object
construction
- 3.Data
- 4.Results
- 4.1Semantic analysis of the double object construction in 19th‑ and
20th‑century Swedish
- 4.1.1Verbs of transfer
- 4.1.2Verbs of future transfer
- 4.1.3Verbs of dispossession
- 4.1.4Verbs of hindrance
- 4.1.5Verbs of communication
- 4.1.6Verbs of causation
- 4.1.7Verbs of creation and obtaining
- 4.1.8Verbs of benefaction and malefaction
- 4.1.9Verbs of attitude
- 4.1.10Other verbs
- 4.2Quantitative overview of the data
- 5.Discussion
- 5.1The semantic development of the Swedish DOC in the light of other
constructional changes
- 5.2Comparison with other Germanic languages
- 6.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
References