References

A.Primary sources

Aguilar, Gaspar de / Baldaeus, Philippus
[&] 1665Arte Tamul. Sive Insitutio Grammatica Linguæ Malabaricae. Sum Pilippi Valteyusu. VDM in Regno Jaffnapatam 1659 Pilippi Valteyusu 1665 [Hamburg: Staats– und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Cod. Orient. 283].Google Scholar
Álvares, Manuel
1572Emmanvelis Alvaris Societate Iesv de institvtione grammatica libri tres. Olyssippone: Excudebat Ioannes Barrerius Typographus Regius. [Variant reading: Taxada cada Arte a Oyto Vintẽs em papel.]Google Scholar
1573Emmanvelis Alvaris Societate Iesv de Institvtione Grammatica Libri Tres. Olyssippone: Excudebat Ioannes Barrerius Typographus Regius. Google Scholar
Baldaeus, Philippus
1672 “Malabaarsche spraak-kunst”. Naauwkeurige Beschryvinge van Malabar en Choromandel, Der zelver aangrenzende Ryken, En het Eyland Ceylon, 195–198. Amsterdam: J. J. van Waasberge & J. von Someren.Google Scholar
Beschi, Costantino Giuseppe
1738 [ms. 1728]A.M.D.G. Grammatica Latino-Tamulica, ubi de Vulgari Tamulicæ Linguæ Idiomate கொடுநதமிழ [koṭuntamiḻ] dicto, ad ususm missionariorum Soc. IESU. Auctore P. Constantio-Josepho Beschio, e jusdem Societ. in Regno Madurensi missionario. A.D. MDCCXXVIII. Trangambariae. Typis Missionis Danicæ. [-] [-]CCXXXIIX ([…] approbatione imprimatur […] 2 Novembris 1737. [See Mahon (1848)].Google Scholar
Costa, Balthasar da
1670. Arte da Lingua Tamul & Antão de Proença’s Tamil-Portuguese Dictionary. Krishanadas Shana, Goa: State Central Library, MS 60 (previously MS-M34).
1685Arte da Lingua Tamul copied by Father Pietro Paolo di S. Francesco (1685) & Vocabulario Tamulico com a significaçam portugueza. Composto pello P. Antam de Proença da Companhia de IESV, Missionario da Missaõ de Madurey. Com todas as licenças necessária da Santa Inquisição E dos Superiores. Na imprensa Tamulica da Provincia do Malabar, por Ignacio Aichamont della Ambalacatta em 30 de Julho 1679 annos. Rome: Vatican Library, Ms Borgiano Indiano, 12.Google Scholar
Henriques, Henrique
. n.d. [c. 1549] Arte da Lingua Malabar. Ms Cod. 3141, Fondo Reservados. Lisbon: National Library. (See secondary sources: Vermeer 1982; Hein & Rajam 2013).Google Scholar

B.Secondary sources

Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich
1969A Grammar of Modern and Classical Tamil. Madras: New Century Book House. Second edition 1989.Google Scholar
Annamalai, Elai & Sanford B. Steever
1998 “Modern Tamil”. In Steever, ed., 129–157.Google Scholar
Asher, Ronald E.
1985Tamil. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Auroux, Sylvain
1994La révolution technologique de la grammatisation. Liège: Mardaga.Google Scholar
Aussant, Émilie
2017 “La Grammaire Sanskrite Étendue – État des lieux”. Histoire Epistémologie Langage 39:2.7–20. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, Stuart
2003Print, folklore, and nationalism in colonial South India. New Delhi: Pauls Press.Google Scholar
Chakravarti, Ananya
2014 “The many faces of Baltasar da Costa: imitatio and accommodatio in the seventeenth century Madurai mission/ As máscaras de Baltasar da Costa: imitatio e accommodatio na missão de Madurai (século XVII)”. Etnográfica 18:1.135–158. [URL] [Accessed April 2018].
Chevillard, Jean-Luc
1992a “Beschi, grammarien du tamoul, et l’origine de la notion de verbe appellatif”. Bulletin de l’École française d’Extrême–Orient 79:1.77–88. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1992b “Sur l’adjectif dans la tradition grammaticale tamoule”. Histoire Épistémologie Langage (special issue edited by Bernard Colombat: L’Adjectif: Perspectives historique et typlogique) 14:1.37–58. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2015 “The challenge of bi-directional translation as experienced by the first European missionary grammarians and lexicographers of Tamil”. La Traduction dans l’Histoire des Idées Linguistiques, ed. by Émilie Aussant, 111–130. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.Google Scholar
2017 “How Tamil was described once again: towards an XML– encoding of the Grammatici Tamulici”. Histoire Epistémologie Langage 39:2.103–127. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2021 “From grammar to dictionary. The early challenge of lemmatizing Tamil verbal forms, through categories used for Latin and Portuguese”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 20:1 (Art. 9). 1–34. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ciotti, Giovanni
2019 “On (the) sandhi between the Sanskrit and the Modern Western Grammatical Traditions: From Colebrooke to Bloomfield via Müller”. Journal of the Portuguese Linguistics 18:5.1–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cre-A:= AA.VV
2020 3 [1992]  க்ரியாவின் தர்காலத் தமிழ் அகாரதி. தமிழ்-த ழ் -ஆங்கிலம் . Compilation, text, editorial format and arrangement S. Ramakrishnan. Chennai: Cre-A.Google Scholar
Ebeling, Sascha & Margherita Trento
2018 “From Jesuit Missionary to Tamil Pulavar: Costanzo Gioseffo Beschi (1680–1747), the ‘Great Heroic Sage’.” L’Inde et l’Italie. Rencontres intellectuelles, politiques et artistiques, Coll. Puruṣārtha 35, ed. by Tiziana Leucci and Marie Fourcade, 53–90. Paris: Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, Gonçalo
2019 “Contributions of Cunha Rivara (1809–1879) to the Development of Konkani”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 18:1.1–17. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Francis, Emmanuel
2011 “Description of 3 Tamil Manuscripts”. Manuskriptkultur in Tamil Nadu. Manuscript culture in Tamil Nadu ed. by Eva Wilden. Newsletter 4, 122–125. Hamburg: CSMC.Google Scholar
Fournier, Jean-Marie & Valérie Raby
2014 “Retour sur la grammatisation: l’extension de la grammaire latine et la description des langues vulgaires”. Penser l’histoire des savoirs linguistiques. Hommage à Sylvain Auroux, ed. by Sylvie Archaimbault, Jean-Marie Fournier & Valérie Raby, 337–350. Lyon: ENS Editions.Google Scholar
Hein, Jeanne & V. S. Rajam
2013The Earliest Missionary Grammar of Tamil. Fr. Henriques’ Arte da Lingua Malabar: Translation, History and Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
James, Gregory
2000Colporuḷ. A History of Tamil Dictionaries. Chennai: Cre-A:.Google Scholar
2007 “The terminology of Declension in Early Missionary Grammars of Tamil”. In Zwartjes et al., eds. 2007, 167–190. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2009 “Aspects of the structure of entries in the earliest missionary dictionary of Tamil”. In Zwartjes et al., eds. 2009, 273–301. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2019 “The Pesky Ablative: Early European Missionaries’ Treatment of Tamil ‘Ablatives’”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 18:1.1–20. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jeyaraj, Daniel
2006Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg: the Father of Modern Protestant Mission. An Indian Assessment. With a foreword from Dr. K. Rajaratnam. New Delhi: The Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and Chennai/The Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research.Google Scholar
2010Tamil Language for Europeans: Ziegenbalg’s Grammatica Damulica (1716). Translated from Latin and Tamil. Annotated and Commented by Daniel Jeyaraj. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Koerner, E. F. Konrad
2014Quatro décadas de historiografía lingüística: estudos selecionados ed. by Rolf Kemmler and Cristina Altman, preface of Carlos Assunção. Vila Real: Centro de Estudos em Letras. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro.Google Scholar
Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju
2003The Dravidian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Law, Vivien
2003The History of Linguistics in Europe. From Plato to 1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, Thomas
1989A grammar of Modern Tamil. Pondicherry: Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture.Google Scholar
1998 “Old Tamil”. In Sanford B. Steever, ed. 1998, 75–99.Google Scholar
Mahon, George William A. M.
1848A Grammar of the Common Dialect of the Tamul Language, called கொடுந்தமிழ் [koṭuntamiḻ], composed for the use of the Missionaries of the Society of Jesus, by Constantius Joseph Beschi, Missionary of the Said Society in the district of Madura. Translated from the original Latin By George William Mahon, A. M. Garrison Chaplain, Fort St. George, Madras and Late Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. Madras: Christian Knowledge Society’s Press.Google Scholar
Mastrangelo, Carmela
2018Passaggio in Europa. Paolino da San Bartolomeo grammatico del sanscrito. Milano: Unicopli.Google Scholar
Meenakshisundaram, K.
1974The contribution of European Scholars to Tamil. Madras: Madras University.Google Scholar
MTL= Madras Tamil Lexicon
1982 [1929–1939]Tamil Lexicon. Published under the authority of the University of Madras, 6 volumes and 1 supplement.Google Scholar
Muru, Cristina
2010Missionari Portoghesi in India nei Secoli XVI e XVII. L’Arte della lingua Tamil. Studio comparato di alcuni manoscritti. Viterbo: Sette Città.Google Scholar
2014 “Gaspar de Aguilar: A Banished Genius”. Intercultural Encounter and the Jesuit Mission in South Asia (16th–18th Centuries) ed. by A. Amaladass, & Ines G. Županov, 353–389. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corporation.Google Scholar
2018 “Early Descriptors and Descriptions of South Asian Languages from the 16th Century Onwards”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 17:1.8–29. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2020 “ Grammaire Latine Étendue: two Portuguese Missionary Tamil Arte (17th cent.)”. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft 30:1.59–73.Google Scholar
2021 “How missionaries applied Portuguese and Latin descriptive categories in the classification and explanation of verb conjugations and paired verbs in Tamil”. Journal of Portuguese Linguistics 20:1 (Art.8). 1–32. DOI logo & DOI logoGoogle Scholar
in preparation). Arte Tamulica by Balthasar da Costa SJ (c. 1610–1673). Translated from Portuguese and Tamil. Annotated and Commented by Cristina Muru.
Palmer, F. R.
2001Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Paramasivam, K.
1979Effectivity and Causativity in Tamil. Trivandrum: Dravidian Linguistic Association.Google Scholar
Pytlowany, Anna
2018Ketelaar Rediscovered: The first Dutch grammar of Persian and Hindustani (1698). Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Schiffman, Harold F.
1999A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Steever, Sanford B.
ed. 1998The Dravidian Languages. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sweetman, Will
2012Bibliotheca Malabarica: Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg’s Tamil Library. Translation. Pondichéry: Institut Français de Pondichéry. [URL]. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thani Nayagam, X. S.
1966Antão de Proença’s Tamil-Portuguese Dictionary A.D. 1679. Kuala Lumpur: Department. of Indian Studies, University of Malaya.Google Scholar
2019 “European Traditions in India and Indonesia”. The Cambridge World History of Lexicography ed. by John Considine, 634–657. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vermeer, Hans J.
1982The first European Tamil Grammar. A critical edition. English version by Angelica Morath. Heidelberg: Julius Groos Verlag.Google Scholar
Wilden, Eva
2018Grammar of Old Tamil for Students. Pondicherry: École française d’Extrême-Orient & Institut Français de Pondichéry.Google Scholar
2011Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550– 1800. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012 “The historiography of missionary linguistics: Present state and further research opportunities”. Historiographia Linguística 39:2/3.185–242. DOI logoGoogle Scholar