Table of contents
List of Illustrationsxi
List of Abbreviationsxiii
Introductionxv
1. The Problemxv
2. Speech in Natural Philosophy and Medicinexxxv
3. The Present Workxliv
Chapter 1. Traditional Concepts of Speech and Speech Defect1
1. The Word1
2. Definitions of Voice and Speech6
3. The Causes of Speech12
4. Defects of Speech (Vitia Loquelae)40
Chapter 2. Classification of Speech Defect in the Aristotelian Problems49
1. Philosophical Origins49
2. Is the Speech of Infants Defective?63
3. The Problems in the Middle Ages69
4. The Problems in the Renaissance77
5. Conclusions89
Chapter 3. Galenic Classification of Speech Defect and Disorder97
1. Diseases97
2. Symptoms108
3. Speech Disorders: The Parts Affected147
4. Conclusions151
Chapter 4. “Thin” Voice or “Checked” Voice? Galen’s Lost Theory153
1. The Problem153
2. Galen's Lost Theory of “Checked Voice”168
Chapter 5. Moisture and the Tongue, Place and Manner of Articulation: The Tradition of Aphorism vi.32 up to the Renaissance189
1. Aphorism vi.32189
2. Classical Commentaries191
3. The Early Middle Ages202
4. The High and Late Middle Ages221
Chapter 6. Moisture and the Tongue in the Renaissance231
1. The Renaissance231
2. Conclusions260
Chapter 7. Speech Disorder and Melancholy in the Classical and Medieval Period261
1. Introduction261
2. Tradition of Aphorisms vii.40263
3. Tradition of Epidemics ii.5 and 6274
4. Tradition of Problems xi.38295
5. Conclusions305
Chapter 8. Speech Disorder and Melancholy in the Renaissance307
1. Introduction307
2. Tradition of Aphorisms vii.40308
3. Epidemics ii.5 & 6 and Problems xi.38318
4. Conclusions341
Chapter 9. Sanctorius: Galenus contra Galenum345
1. The Dawn of Mechanism in the Speech Sciences345
2. Sanctorius and his ‘Methods for Avoiding All Errors”346
3. Sanctorius on the Cause of Speech Disorder352
4. Implications for the History of Speech Therapy355
5. Conclusions362
Appendix, Six Galenic Classifications of Speech Defect and Disorder, 14th–17th Centuries365
Bibliography
1. Manuscripts
2. Printed Works
Index of Names
Index of Subjects
List of Illustrations
Figure 1. Girolamo fabrizi d' Aquapendente31
Figure 2. The Organs of Speech (Fabricius 1601)35
Figure 3. The Anatomy of the Tongue (Vesalius 1543)38
Figure 4. George of Trebizond and Theodore Gaza85
Figure 5. Peter of Abano124
Figure 6. Girolamo Cardano242
Figure 7. Girolamo Mercuriali249
Figure 8. Sanctorius Sanctorius347
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