Silverstein (1976) showed that the grammatical cases take varying kinds of case-marking according to the hierarchical value of the nominal being marked. This paper demonstrates that such hierarchical marking occurs in non-grammatical cases as well. Moreover, these cases typically take nominals of a specific hierarchical value as arguments. Analysis of the data according to classic marking theory reveals that departures from the typical pattern often take extra morphological marking. Since the new forms appear in atypical contexts, they are prone to being pragmatically reinterpreted. And the combination of marking and reinterpretation will produce new cases in the language.
2023. Realised overabundance in Estonian noun paradigms: A corpus study. Word Structure 16:2-3 ► pp. 154 ff.
Aigro, Mari & Virve-Anneli Vihman
2024. Preferences in the use of overabundance: predictors of lexical bias in Estonian. Cognitive Linguistics 35:2 ► pp. 289 ff.
Klavan, Jane & Ole Schützler
2023. The complexity principle and the morphosyntactic alternation between case affixes and postpositions in Estonian. Cognitive Linguistics 34:2 ► pp. 297 ff.
Sims, Andrea D.
2023. Defectiveness. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Morphology, ► pp. 1 ff.
2021. When a cross-linguistic tendency marries incomplete acquisition: Preposition drop in Russian spoken in Daghestan. International Journal of Bilingualism 25:3 ► pp. 640 ff.
2019. The role of case and animacy in bi-and monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German: a developmental perspective. Open Linguistics 5:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Haspelmath, Martin
2019. Differential place marking and differential object marking. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72:3 ► pp. 313 ff.
HASPELMATH, MARTIN
2021. Explaining grammatical coding asymmetries: Form–frequency correspondences and predictability. Journal of Linguistics 57:3 ► pp. 605 ff.
de Swart, Peter & Helen de Hoop
2018. Shifting animacy. Theoretical Linguistics 44:1-2 ► pp. 1 ff.
García García, Marco, Beatrice Primus & Nikolaus P. Himmelmann
2018. Shifting from animacy to agentivity. Theoretical Linguistics 44:1-2 ► pp. 25 ff.
Malchukov, Andrej
2018. Animacy shifts and resolution of semantic conflicts: A typological commentary on Shifting animacy by de Swart & de Hoop. Theoretical Linguistics 44:1-2 ► pp. 47 ff.
Nelson, Diane & Virve-Anneli Vihman
2018. Shifting perspective: noun classes, voice, and animacy type shifts. Theoretical Linguistics 44:1-2 ► pp. 57 ff.
Ritter, Elizabeth
2018. Possible and impossible animacy shifts. Theoretical Linguistics 44:1-2 ► pp. 71 ff.
2012. Marking of case and referential intent: A study of the ka-indefinite noun in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 44:11 ► pp. 1519 ff.
Paczynski, Martin & Gina R. Kuperberg
2012. Multiple influences of semantic memory on sentence processing: Distinct effects of semantic relatedness on violations of real-world event/state knowledge and animacy selection restrictions. Journal of Memory and Language 67:4 ► pp. 426 ff.
Lestrade, Sander, Helen De Hoop & Kees De Schepper
2010. Introduction spatial case. Linguistics 48:5
de Swart, Peter, Monique Lamers & Sander Lestrade
2008. Animacy, argument structure, and argument encoding. Lingua 118:2 ► pp. 131 ff.
Malchukov, Andrej L.
2008. Animacy and asymmetries in differential case marking. Lingua 118:2 ► pp. 203 ff.
[no author supplied]
2017. ,
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