Article published In:
Studies in Language
Vol. 48:2 (2024) ► pp.351389
References (105)
Ackema, Peter & Ad Neeleman
2007Restricted pro drop in Early Modern Dutch. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 10(81). 81–107. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ackema, Peter, Patrick Brandt, Maaike Schoorlemmer & Fred Weerman
2006The role of agreement in the expression of arguments. In Peter Ackema, Patrick Brandt, Maaike Schoorlemmer & Fred Weerman (eds.), Arguments and agreement, 1–32. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Adams, Marianne
1987From Old French to the theory of pro-drop. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5(1). 1–32. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Agouraki, Yoryia
2010It-clefts and stressed operators in the preverbal field of Cypriot Greek. Lingua 1201, 527–554. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ariel, Mira
1988Referring and accessibility. Journal of Linguistics 241. 65–87. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1996Referring expressions and the +/− coreference distinction. In Thorstein Fretheim & Jeanette K. Gundel (eds.), Reference and referent accessibility, 13–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barbosa, Pilar
2009Two kinds of subject pro. Studia Linguistica 63(1). 2–58. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011aPro-drop and theories of pro in the minimalist program part 1: Consistent null subject languages and the pronominalagr hypothesis. Language and Linguistics Compass 5(8). 551–570. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011bPro-drop and theories of pro in the minimalist program part 2: Pronoun deletion analyses of null subjects and partial, discourse and semi pro-drop. Language and Linguistics Compass 5(8), 571–587. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Battistella, Edwin
1985On the distribution of pro in Chinese. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3(3). 317–340. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bennis, Hans
2006Agreement, pro, and imperatives. In Peter Ackema, Patrick Brandt, Maaike Schoorlemmer & Fred Weerman (eds.), Arguments and agreement, 101–123. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bickel, Balthasar
2003Referential density in discourse and syntactic typology. Language 79(4). 708–736. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bisang, Walter
2009On the evolution of complexity: Sometimes less is more in East and mainland Southeast Asia. In Geoffrey Sampson, David Gil & Peter Trudgill (eds.), Language complexity as an evolving variable, 34–49. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2014Overt and hidden complexity: Two types of complexity and their implications. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 50(2). 127–143. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2015Hidden complexity: the neglected side of complexity and its implications. Linguistics Vanguard 1(1). 177–187. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brickell, Timothy C.
2014A grammatical description of the Tondano (Toundano) language. Melbourne: La Trobe University PhD dissertation.
2016Multi-CAST Tondano. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2019Multi-CAST Tondano annotation notes. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Brickell, Timothy C. & Stefan Schnell
2017Do grammatical relations reflect information status? Reassessing preferred argument structure theory against discourse data from Tondano. Linguistic Typology 21(1). 177–208. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brugman, Hennie & Albert Russel
2004Annotating multimedia/multi-modal resources with ELAN. In Maria Teresa Lino, Maria Francisca Xavier, Fátima Ferreira, Rute Costa & Raquel Silva (eds.), Proceedings of LREC 2004, Fourth International Conference on Languages Resources and Evaluation, Lisbon, Portugal. 2065–2068.Google Scholar
Butt, Miriam
2001Case, agreement, pronoun incorporation and pro-drop in South Asian languages. Paper presented at the Workshop The Role of Agreement in Argument Structure , Utrecht, August 31–September 1, 2001.
Bynon, Theodora
1979The ergative construction in Kurdish. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 42(2). 211–224. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cacoullos, Rena Torres & Catherine E. Travis
2019Variationist typology: shared probabilistic constraints across (non-)null subject languages. Linguistics 57(3). 653–692. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chambaz, Antoine & Guillaume Desagulier
2016Predicting is not explaining: Targeted learning of the dative alternation. Journal of Causal Inference 4(1). 1–30. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chen, Ping
1999Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chen, Rong
1995Communicative dynamism and word order in Mandarin Chinese. Language Sciences 17(2), 201–222. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam
1981Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.Google Scholar
Creissels, Denis
2005A typology of subject and object markers in African languages. In Voeltz, Erhard (ed.), Studies in African linguistic typology [Typological Studies in Language 64], 43–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dorleijn, Margreet
1996The decay of ergativity in Kurmanci. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
Dowle, Matt & Arun Srinivasan
2019data.table: Extension of ‘data.frame’. R package version 1.12.2, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
ELAN (Version 6.3) [Computer software]
2022Nijmegen: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Language Archive. Retrieved from [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
English Dialects Research Group
2005Freiburg English Dialect Corpus (FRED) ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Foley, William
2010Events and serial verb constructions. In Mengistu Amberber, Brett Baker & Mark Harvey (eds.), Complex predicates: Cross-linguistic perspectives on event structure, 79–109. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Forker, Diana
2020A grammar of Sanzhi Dargwa [Languages of the Caucasus 2]. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Forker, Diana & Nils N. Schiborr
2019Multi-CAST Sanzhi Dargwa. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Hadjidas, Harris & Maria Vollmer
2015Multi-CAST Cypriot Greek. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Haig, Geoffrey
2008Alignment change in Iranian languages: a construction grammar approach. [Empirical Approaches to Language Typology 37]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2017Deconstructing Iranian ergativity. In Jessica Coon, Diane Massam & Lisa Demena Travis (eds.), The Oxford handbook of ergativity, 465–500. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2018aNorthern Kurdish (Kurmanji). In Geoffrey Haig & Geoffrey Khan (eds.), The languages and linguistics of Western Asia: An areal perspective, 106–158. Berlin/Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2018bLinguistik des Kurdischen. In Ludwig Paul (ed.), Handbuch der Iranistik, vol. 21, 291–297. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Haig, Geoffrey & Stefan Schnell
2014Annotations using GRAID (Grammatical Relations and Animacy in Discourse). Manual Version 7.0. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2019Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Haig, Geoffrey & Hanna Thiele
2016Multi-CAST Northern Kurdish metadata sheet. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (19 July 2023).
Haig, Geoffrey, Nils N. Schiborr & Stefan Schnell
2020On potential statistical universals of grammar in discourse: Evidence from Multi-CAST. Paper presented at the Workshop Corpus-based typology: Spoken language from a cross-linguistic perspective, as part of the 42nd Annual Conference of the German Linguistic Society [DGfS], Hamburg, Germany, 4–6 March 2020.
Haig, Geoffrey, Stefan Schnell & Nils N. Schiborr
2021Universals of reference in discourse and grammar: Evidence from the Multi-CAST collection of spoken corpora. In Geoffrey Haig, Stefan Schnell & Frank Seifart (eds.), Doing corpus-based typology with spoken language corpora, 141–177. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Haig, Geoffrey, Maria Vollmer & Hanna Thiele
2019aMulti-CAST Northern Kurdish. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2019bMulti-CAST Northern Kurdish annotation notes. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Hammarström, Harald, Robert Forkel, Martin Haspelmath & Sebastian Bank
2020Glottolog 4.3. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Harrell, Franke E. Jr.
2019rms: Regression modeling strategies. R package version 5.1–3, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Hill, Clair
2018Person reference and interaction in Umpila/Kuuku Ya’u narrative [MPI Series in Psycholinguistics 141]. Radboud: Radboud University PhD dissertation.
Holmberg, Anders & Ian Roberts
2013The syntax-morphology relation. Lingua Special Issue Syntax and Cognition: Core Ideas and Results in Syntax 1301. 111–131. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holmberg, Anders, Aarti Nayudu & Michelle Sheehan
2009Three partial null-subject languages: A comparison of Brazilian Portuguese, Finnish, and Marathi. Studia Linguistica: Special Issue: Partial Pro-Drop 63(1). 59–97. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Holmberg, Anders
2005Is there a little pro? Evidence from Finnish. Linguistic Inquiry 36(4). 533–564. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Huang, James
1984On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry 15(4). 531–574.Google Scholar
Huang, Yan
1992Against Chomsky’s typology of empty categories. Journal of Pragmatics 17(1). 1–29. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2000Anaphora: A cross-linguistic study. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kibrik, Andrej
2011Reference in discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Koeneman, Olaf
2006Deriving the difference between full and partial pro-drop. In Peter Ackema, Patrick Brandt, Maaike Schoorlemmer & Fred Weerman (eds.), Arguments and agreement, 76–100. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
König, Ekkehard & Volker Gast
2006Focused assertion of identity: A typology of intensifiers. Linguistic Typology 101, 223–276. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson
1974An explanation of word order change SVO → SOV. Foundations of Language 12(2), 201–214.Google Scholar
1979Third-person pronouns and zero-anaphora in Chinese discourse. In Talmy Givón (ed.), Discourse and syntax [Syntax and Semantics 12], 311–336. New York, NY: Academic Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1981Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Li, Xiaoshi
2012Variation of subject pronominal expression in Mandarin Chinese. Sociolinguistic Studies 6(1). 91–119. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Li, Xiaoshi & Robert Bayley
2018Lexical frequency and syntactic variation. Subject pronoun use in Mandarin Chinese. Asia-Pacific Language Variation 4(2). 135–160. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Liu, Chi-Ming Louis
2014A modular theory of radical pro drop. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PhD dissertation.
Mahalingappa, Laura J.
2013The acquisition of split-ergative case marking in Kurmanji Kurdish. In Edith L. Bavin & Sabine Stoll (eds.), Acquisition of Ergativity, 239–270. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Milborrow, Stephen
2019rpart.plot: Plot ’rpart’ models: An enhanced version of ’plot.rpart’. R package version 3.0.7, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Mosel, Ulrike
2019Multi-CAST Teop annotation notes. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Mosel, Ulrike & Stefan Schnell
2015Multi-CAST Teop. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Mosel, Ulrike & Yvonne Thiesen
2007The Teop sketch grammar. Unpublished manuscript. Kiel: University of Kiel ([URL], last access 19 July 2023).
Nagaya, Naonori
2006Preferred referential expressions in Tagalog. Tokyo University Linguistics Papers 251, 83–106.Google Scholar
Neeleman, Ad & Kriszta Szendröi
2005Pro drop and pronouns. In John Alderete, Chung-hye Han & Alexei Kochetov (eds.), Proceedings of the 24th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 299–307. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
2007Radical pro drop and the morphology of pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry 38(4). 671–714. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Neuwirth, Erich
2014RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer palettes. R package version 1.1–2, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Ooms, Jeroen
2019curl: A modern and flexible web client for R. R package version 3.3, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Pavlou, Natalia
2018Morphosyntactic dependencies and verb movement in Cypriot Greek. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago dissertation.
Perlmutter, David
1971Deep and surface structure constraints in syntax. New York. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Pu, Ming-Ming
1995Anaphoric patterning in English and Mandarin narrative production. Discourse Processes 19(2). 279–300. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1997Zero anaphora and grammatical relations in Mandarin. In Talmy Givón (ed.), Grammatical relations: A Functionalist perspective [Typological Studies in Language 35], 281–322. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
R Core Team
2019R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Radatz, Hans-Ingo
2008Non-lexical core-arguments in Basque, Romance and German: How (and why) Spanish syntax is shifting towards sentential head-marking and morphological cross-reference. In Richard Waltereit & Ulrich Detges (eds.), The paradox of grammatical change: Perspectives from romance, 181–215, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Ian & Anders Holmberg
2010Introduction: Parameters in minimalist theory. In Theresa Biberauer, Anders Holmberg, Ian Roberts & Michelle Sheehan (eds.), Parametric variation: Null subjects in minimalist theory, 1–57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
RStudio Team
2018RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. Boston, MA: RStudio, Inc., [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Schiborr, Nils N.
2015Multi-CAST English. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL] (last access 26 July 2023).
2016Multi-CAST corpus overview and description. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2017Antecedent distance and the accessibility hierarchy: A quantitative approach. Bamberg: University of Bamberg MA thesis.
2019Multi-CAST collection overview. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Schiborr, Nils N., Stefan Schnell & Hanna Thiele
2018RefIND – Referent indexing in natural-language discourse: Annotation guidelines v1.1. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Schnell, Stefan
2011A grammar of Vera’a; an Oceanic language of North Vanuatu. Manuscript.Google Scholar
2015Multi-CAST Vera’a. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2019Multi-CAST Vera’a annotation notes. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Schnell, Stefan & Danielle Barth
2018Discourse motivations for pronominal and zero objects across registers in Vera’a. Language Variation and Change 30(1). 51–81. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sessarego, Sandro & Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach
2017Revisiting the null subject parameter: New insights from Afro-Peruvian Spanish. Isogloss 3(1). 43–68. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Speas, Margaret
2006Economy, agreement, and the representation of null arguments. In Peter Ackema Patrick Brandt, Maaike Schoorlemmer & Fred Weerman (eds.), Arguments and agreement, 35–75. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sun, Chao-Fen & Talmy Givón
1985On the so-called SOV word order in Mandarin Chinese: A quantified text study and its implications. Language 61(2), 329–351. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Therneau, Terry & Beth Atkinson
2019rpart: Recursive partitioning and regression trees. R package version 4.1–15, [URL] (last access 19 July 2023).
Vollmer, Maria
2019aIs there a breakdown of ergativity in Northern Kurdish, and what factors influence it? Talk presented at the 4th International Conference on Kurdish Linguistics , Rouen, September 2–3, 2019.
2019bHow radical is pro-drop in Mandarin? A quantitative corpus study on referential choice in Mandarin Chinese. Bamberg: University of Bamberg MA thesis.
2020aMulti-CAST Mandarin. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
2020bMulti-CAST Mandarin annotation notes. In Geoffrey Haig & Stefan Schnell (eds.), Multi-CAST: Multilingual corpus of annotated spoken texts ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023).
Wickham, Hadley
2016ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer ([URL]) (last access 19 July 2023). DOI logo
Wratil, Melani
2011Uncovered pro: On the development and identification of null subjects. In Melani Wratil & Peter Gallmann (eds.), Null pronouns [Studies in Generative Grammar 106], 99–140. Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yang, Chin Lung, Peter C. Gordon, Randall Hendrick & Chih Wei Hue
2003Constraining the comprehension of pronominal expressions in Chinese. Cognition 86(3). 283–315. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yao, Yao
2018NP weight effects in word order variation in Mandarin Chinese. Lingua Sinica 4(5). DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Jingtao, Julie Franck, Luigi Rizzi & Anna Gavarró
2022Do infants have abstract grammatical knowledge of word order at 17 months? Evidence from Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Child Language 49(1), 60–79. DOI logoGoogle Scholar