A novel dichotomy of the Korean adverb nemwu in opinion classification
While the adverb nemwu, roughly equivalent to the intensifier too in English, has been considered an adverb that intensifies gradable predicates in excess, thereby provoking a negative interpretation, it can also be used to emphasize a positive evaluation in online subjective texts. Moreover, even in the sentences conveying a negative evaluation, only some of the occurrences of nemwu are used as a polarity reversing valence shifter. This paper proposes a novel dichotomy for the usages of nemwu, consisting of ‘Intensifying Adverbs’ (IAs) and ‘Opinion Introducers’ (OIs), and examines the necessary contexts for determining the function of the adverb.
References
Ahn, A-L.
2011 Study on lexicons and syntactic patterns for opinion classification. Seoul: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies MA thesis.

Choi, H.-B.
1971 Wulimalpon. Seoul: Jengumsa Publishing Company.

Choi, H.-L.
1996 Syntactic and semantic studies on adverbs of degree. Seoul: Jung-Ang University dissertation.

Ikeda, D., H. Takamura, L. Ratinov & M. Okumura
2008 Learning to shift the polarity of words for sentiment classification. In
Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, IJCNLP
, 296-303.
Kennedy, A. & D. Inkpen
2006 Sentiment classification of movie reviews using contextual valence shifters.
Computational Intelligence 221. 110-125.


Kim, E.-S.
2007 Korean negative polarity verbs.
Korean Linguistic Studies 291. 7-49.

Kim, G.-H.
2003 Psychological adjectives in Korean.
Enehak 371. 47-70.

Kim, Y.-H.
1985 Adverb of degree as a quantifier.
Hankul 1901. 1-30.

Kim, Y.-H.
2005 Controller of negative polarity items.
Korean Syntactic Phenomena 205-237. Seoul: Yeklak Publishing Company.

Kim, Y.-W., H.-J. Yoon, K.-Y. Park, Y.-C. Chang, C.-M. Lee & K.-S. Kim
2005 Negation and Negatives. Seoul: Hankukmwunhwasa.

Ko, H.-W.
2011 Meaning and collocation of adverb of degree nemwu.
Emwunnoncip 461. 121-139.

Ku, J.-N.
2003 Types of Korean negative polarity items.
Korean Linguistics and Literature 381. 5-27.

Lee, C.-M.
1976 Cases for psychological verbs in Korean.
Ene 1(1). 256-296.

Lee, C.-M.
2003 Negative polarity items in Korean and Japanese: A contrastive study.
Icwung Enehak 221. 1-47.

Lee, S.-K.
1988 Adverbs of degree in modern Korean. Seoul: University Kenkuk dissertation.

Lee, W.-C., H.-A. Lee & K.-J. Lee
2010 Summarization system of product reviews based on linguistic analysis of review texts.
Journal of Information Science 17(B-1). 93-98.

Li, S., S.Y.M. Lee, Y. Chen, C.-R. Huang & G. Zhou
2010 Sentiment classification and polarity shifting.
Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics
, 635-643.
Lim, H.-B.
1987 Syntax and semantics of Korean negations.
Korean Linguistic Life 101. 15-40.

Lim, K.-H.
2002 Pragmatic meaning of Korean adverb of degree nemwu.
Paytalmal 301. 1-22.

Lim, K.-H.
2004 Word formation and collocation of adverb of degree nemwu.
Wulimalkul 321. 77-100.

Lim, Y.-J.
2007 Adverbs co-occurring with negative expressions and Korean education.
Korean Culture Studies 201. 187-214.

Lim, Y.-J.
2010 Collocation of adverbs of degree and Korean education.
Korean Language and Culture421. 371-393.

Myung, J.-S., D.-J. Lee & S.-G. Lee
2008 Korean product review analysis system by using a semi-automatically constructed semantic lexicon.
Journal of Information Science: Software & Application 35(6). 392-403.

Nam, J.-S.
2007 Lexicon-grammar of Korean adjectives. Seoul: Hankukmwunhwasa.

Nam, J.-S.
2010 Korean electronic dictionary DECO. TR-2010-02. DICORA, Seoul: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.

Pang, B., & L. Lee
2008.
Opinion mining and sentiment analysis.
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval 2(1-2). 1-135.
Polanyi, L. & A. Zaenen
2004 Contextual valence shifters.
Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Exploring Attitude and Affect in Text
.
Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech & J. Svartvik
1985 A comprehensive grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.

Seo, J.-S.
1996 Korean grammar. Seoul: Hanyang University Press.

Shi, J.-G.
1998 Negatives and negation.
Modern Korean Syntax Studies 101. 327-343.

Son, N.-I.
1989 Study on Korean adverbs. Master Dissertation. Seoul: Korea University.

Wilson, T., J. Wiebe & P. Hoffmann
2005 Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis. In
Proceedings of the Conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
, 347-354. Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics.

Yoo, H.-K.
1997 A study on psychological adjective constructions in Korean.
Education of Korean as a Foreign Language 22(1). 87-119.

Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Cho, Won Ik & Nam Soo Kim
2023.
Text Implicates Prosodic Ambiguity: A Corpus for Intention Identification of the Korean Spoken Language.
ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 22:1
► pp. 1 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 11 november 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.