This study focuses on “the many careers of negative polarity items”, taking a diachronic perspective on NPIs in general and on scalar NPIs in particular. Its main thesis is that scalar NPIs are prototypical NPIs. The downward entailing contexts of NPIs can be explained and made cognitively accessible by the pragmatic mechanisms associated with scalar NPIs, viz. the capacity to evoke alternatives (ALT) and the scalar interpretation of these alternatives (SCALE). NPIs with standard contexts of distribution are, or are otherwise tied to, scalar expressions, while NPIs with an idiosyncratic range of contexts are not. The diachronic development of core NPIs crucially involves the loss, change or replacement of ALT and/or SCALE. Non-scalar elements can also become NPIs, but non-prototypical ones, viz. escort particles, analogy NPIs, or mimicry NPIs.
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2016. The history ofvery: the directionality of functional shift and (inter)subjectification. English Language and Linguistics 20:2 ► pp. 221 ff.
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2016. Diachronic Developments in the Domain of Negation. Language and Linguistics Compass 10:6 ► pp. 284 ff.
Zeijlstra, Hedde
2020. Negative Quantifiers. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 426 ff.
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Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Indefinites in the scope of negation. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 55 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Theoretical background. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 109 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Introduction. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 1 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. Conclusion. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 175 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The expression of standard negation. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 16 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The History of Low German Negation,
Breitbarth, Anne
2014. The development of negation in Low German. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. 143 ff.
Breitbarth, Anne
2020. The Negative Cycle and Beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 530 ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. List of tables. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. ix ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Copyright Page. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Series preface. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. Preface. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. viii ff.
[no author supplied]
2014. List of figures. In The History of Low German Negation, ► pp. xii ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Copyright Page. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Introduction. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. 1 ff.
[no author supplied]
2020. Abbreviations. In The Oxford Handbook of Negation, ► pp. xi ff.
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