Index Essays on Linguistic Realism

• abstract object VII––X, 1–5, 7–13, 16–17, 54, 61, 69–70, 72–75, 79, 82–83, 85, 146–147, 150–151, 154–155, 157–158, 163–164, 167, 169–170, 172–179, 185–187, 241, 252, 292–293

• act of naming 286–287, 289

• adult grammar 23–24

• animal communication 61, 66–67

• ante rem realism 139, 167, 171, 177–180

• ante rem structuralism 169, 170, 171, 174, 180

• arbitrarization 271, 282, 284–285, 288, 290, 294

• arithmetic XI, 140, 146, 161, 168, 171, 175, 241–242, 255, 261–262

• assertive content 249–250

• Autonomous Declarative Phonology x, 185, 189, 199

• axiomatic grammar 79, 110–111, 113–115, 119, 123, 127

• axiomatic theory 79–80, 106, 110–114, 117–119, 121–122, 127, 131, 133, 156, 203, 206

• Ballard, Dana36

• Benacerraf, Paul 162–164, 167–170, 174

• biolinguistics IX, 1, 3, 21–22, 26, 31, 37, 39, 50–52, 54–55, 74, 86, 140, 149

• biological object 4, 61

• Boolean structure268

• brain object4

• Broca, Paul 22, 51

• Brodmann’s area 44, 22, 52, 54–55

• Cartesian dualist9

• Cartesian frame31

• categorial grammar 37, 41–42, 50

• category theory169

• Chomsky, Noam VII–VIII, 1–5, 23, 25–27, 38, 53–55, 61–62, 68, 74, 85–86, 88, 100, 142–144, 148, 159, 161–162, 166, 175–176

• classification 101, 103, 188, 208, 211, 264–265, 291

• cognitive act type 238–239, 241

• cognitive capacity21

• cognitive content235

• cognitive phenomenology18

• cognitive proposition XI, 241, 248, 251

• cognitive system36

• communication 62–64, 66–67, 86, 87, 89, 91, 130, 174, 251, 280
  • communication complex 110, 125
  • communication system IX, 61, 63–68, 289, 294

• communicative competence250

• comparative concept 79, 93–96, 108–109, 121

• comparative grammar X, 79, 100

• competence VIII, X, 139, 141–142, 146, 148, 151–155, 158, 163–165, 167, 172, 176, 179, 203, 224

• conceptualism VII–XI, 2, 11–12, 139–140, 142, 148, 292–293

• concrete object 10, 24, 72–73, 75, 82, 146, 173, 241, 293

• conjunction 45, 145, 147, 263–266, 268

• constraint 21, 38–39, 66, 103–104, 111, 113, 132, 149–150, 152, 189–190, 198–199, 246

• constraint-based grammar 90, 96–99, 108, 111, 122, 132

• Construction Grammar 81, 87, 90, 96–97, 99, 143

• constructive realism81

• context-free grammar 64, 113, 147

• conversion X, 203–204, 206, 209–210, 212, 214, 217, 219, 221, 228

• coordination 21, 39, 42, 44–45, 48, 145

• creativity X, 139, 141–144, 147, 155, 158–159, 167, 174, 180

• CV-phonology X, 197

• Declarative Grammar187

• declarative phonology 185, 189

• Dedekind number 267–268

• Dedekind, Richard XII, 168, 255, 265–268

• deductive-nomological explanation 203, 205, 219, 224

• descriptive category 93–94, 108

• Devitt, Michael 140, 151–154, 163, 176

• diachrony291

• dictionary 203, 221–222, 224

• direct evidence 70–71, 73

• disjunction 51–52, 237, 263–266, 268

• double negation 160, 268

• elimination rule 43, 49

• ellipsis 21, 41, 44

• empirical evidence 39, 71–73

• empirical object186

• empirical science IX, 7–11, 73, 84, 167, 179

• empirical theory 19, 84, 112, 120

• epistemology 162, 169, 240

• extended first order logic XI, 255, 265

• external evidence187

• extra-mental object 81, 82, 155

• finite-state grammar166

• first order logic 44, 99, 113, 145, 264

• Fluid Construction Grammar 97, 132

• formal completeness 256–257, 259–262, 264

• formal distinctness 256–257, 260

• formal grammar X, 79–80, 89–90, 93, 96–97, 104, 110, 126

• formal science IX, X, 7, 9–10, 12–14, 16, 19, 72, 83, 140, 146, 150, 158, 164, 167, 179, 204

• formal theory 32, 76

• foundations of linguistics VIII, 7, 139–141, 167, 177, 179–180

• Fourier decomposition37

• Functional Unification Grammar24

• gapping 41–42, 44–46, 48

• Gaussian filter31

• Gaussian function 30, 35

• Gaussian smoothing 29, 33

• generative grammar 22–23, 25, 27, 62, 74, 86–87, 90, 98, 119, 122, 140, 151, 156, 162–163

• generative linguistics VII, IX, 88, 153, 189

• generative rule15

• generic name 283, 286

• grammar IX–X, 1, 8–9, 22–24, 26, 36, 42, 51, 61, 64, 73, 79–80, 84, 87–100, 102–133, 139, 141, 144–148, 150–154, 156, 158, 162–167, 171, 174–176, 179, 188–189, 203, 218, 221–222, 224–225

• grammatical rule 15, 292

• grammatical statement 79, 89, 91, 97, 99, 114, 117

• grammatical term 80, 92–93, 98–101, 103–110, 113, 117–119, 121–123

• grammatical word191

• group theory170

• Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar 24, 90, 96–97, 101–103, 105

• Hilbert program 150, 163

• Hilbert, David168

• Hilbert’s hotel 3–4

• HPSGsee Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar

• HTLCGsee Hybrid Type-Logical Categorial Grammar

• human language XI, 62–68, 72, 75, 79, 85, 88–89, 92, 97–98, 100, 102–104, 122, 132, 162, 255, 283–284

• Hybrid Type-Logical Categorial Grammar 42, 44, 46–50

• hyperintensional 235, 241

• idiolect 82, 88–91, 110, 114–116, 122–125, 127–128, 130–132, 155, 205, 224–225
  • idiolect grammar 97, 107, 110, 131
  • idiolect system 82, 89–91, 104–107, 118–121, 124–125, 127–128, 131

• ILsee Integrational Linguistics

• illocutionary content 248–251

• indirect evidence 70–73

• individual psychology 249–251

• inference rule 42, 44, 47, 49–50

• infinite set 4, 49, 145, 261

• infinity X, 31, 139, 141–150, 154–156, 158, 160–163, 167, 174, 180

• inflection 208–210, 214–215, 217, 225, 229

• informal grammar X, 79–80, 86, 88–93, 96–99, 110–111, 113–114, 116–117, 121, 133

• informal theory118

• innatism61

• inscriptionalist nominalism150

• Integrational Linguistics X, 81, 86, 189, 203, 205–211, 221, 225

• intensional semantics 236–238

• inter-discipline 85–86, 133

• introspective evidence71

• intuitionism 160–161, 164

• Katz, Jerrold J. VII–VIII, 1–2, 4, 12, 74, 83–84, 139–140, 147, 150–151, 154, 158, 160, 163, 172–173, 177, 180, 292–293

• knowledge of language 26, 74, 153–154, 164, 186

• Lambek component 45, 47

• langage 185–186, 273, 291

• language acquisition IX, 23, 61–62, 65, 71, 75, 139, 261

• language evolution IX, 61–63, 65–69, 74–75, 148, 176, 283

• language instinct68

• language name 92–93, 97–98, 100–101, 103, 116, 118, 123–128

• language system X, 104–106, 123–127, 154, 157, 185–191, 194, 199, 291

• language use VIII, 64, 84–85, 132, 144, 146, 164, 186, 189, 291

• language-determination sentence 123–126

• language-identification sentence 124, 126

• language-name axiom 124, 126–127

• langue 185–186, 272–273, 281, 290–294

• lexeme 191, 207, 281

• Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology206

• lexical meaning 87, 115, 118, 204–205, 207–208, 211, 217, 225, 284–285

• lexical motivation relation 204, 212, 224

• lexical stem 206, 208–209, 211, 220, 222–223, 225, 228, 232

• lexical word 105, 116, 118–120, 125, 127, 206–209, 211, 220, 222–223, 225, 228, 232

• Lexical-Functional Grammar 24, 131

• lexicon 67, 188, 205–206, 211, 223, 225, 283

• Lieb, Hans Heinrich X, 100, 111, 155–158

• linguistic determinism260

• linguistic evidence 61, 70–71, 142

• linguistic meaning 17–18, 81–82, 155, 249

• linguistic ontology 21, 139, 147, 163, 180

• linguistic sign XI, 105, 271–276, 278–284, 288–293

• linguistic token156

• linguistic type 156, 177, 180

• logic VIII–XI, 3, 5, 7, 9–10, 12, 15, 21, 37, 42–43, 49–51, 83, 99, 111–113, 115–116, 123, 146, 150, 156, 158, 160, 163–165, 169, 186, 242, 255, 261, 264, 293

• logical competence49

• Marr hierarchy34

• Marr, David 21, 25–29, 31–39, 53–54

• material object 291, 293

• mathematics VIII, XII, 3, 5, 7, 9–10, 12, 16–17, 33–35, 72, 83–84, 131, 139–140, 142, 146–147, 150, 157–172, 179–180, 186, 242, 260, 293

• meaning X–XI, 14–19, 40, 44, 65–66, 70, 81, 85, 87, 90, 92, 94, 115, 119, 128, 154, 169, 188, 190–191, 194, 196, 229, 222, 236–238, 241, 257, 274–275, 277–278, 281, 283–287, 289–292, 294
  • meaning distinction 188–190
  • meaning structure15

• mental competence 152, 162, 164

• mental grammarIX

• mental object VIII, 9, 167, 186, 292

• merge 4, 38, 148–149

• Millian mode 246–249

• mind/brain 2, 15, 175

• minimal pair 185, 191–194

• Mixed Realism X, 139, 141, 151–153, 155, 158, 178

• mixed realist theory 140–141, 164

• model theory169

• model-theoretic grammar 90, 96–99, 103, 108, 113, 122

• Modified Realism VIII, X, 79–81, 83–87, 116, 128, 155, 157

• modus ponens 3, 43, 49–52, 145, 222–223

• Montague, Richard 26, 144

• morphology X, 7, 14, 66–67, 81, 144, 188, 215, 225

• motivation XI, 271, 278–283, 285, 287–290

• naïve Platonism 139–140, 159–160

• natural deduction 43, 49–50, 52

• natural kind term 246, 251

• natural language IX, 1–5, 23, 32, 36, 38–39, 49–51, 53, 61–62, 89, 99, 101, 103, 112–113, 139–142, 144–148, 152, 154–155, 158–160, 164–166, 170, 174–176, 180, 203, 235, 292

• natural language grammar 23, 26

• natural object9

• naturalistic imperative 1–2

• naturalized Platonism178

• naturalized realism85

• negation 160, 263–264, 268

• New Structuralism81

• nominalism VII–XI, 2, 8, 11, 139, 142, 148, 150–151, 154, 167, 292

• non-rigid sentential dependency 52–53

• onomatopoeia 271, 280–281, 283–284, 289–290

• ontological category 9–11, 20, 172

• ontological level 82–83, 156

• ontological naturalism62

• ontological status VIII–X, 7, 16, 19, 61–62, 64, 69, 114, 116, 139, 273, 275

• ontology VIII, 1–3, 5, 7, 11, 21, 32, 38, 74, 85, 139–140, 147, 149–151, 163–164, 167, 170–172, 177, 179–180, 263

• Optimality Theory189

• orthography 7, 14, 19, 191

• paradigmatic categorization 207–209, 217, 229

• parole 185–186, 273, 291, 293–294

• Pattern-and-Restriction Theory X, 203–207, 210, 212–215, 217, 219–220, 222–225, 229

• performance VIII, 71, 146, 152, 161–162, 203, 224, 248, 250

• philosophy 8, 17, 62, 69, 86, 112–113, 139, 141–142, 144–145, 147, 157, 162–163, 168, 177, 180, 242, 247, 261, 282

• phonetics 14, 19, 185, 189, 193, 195, 198–199, 273

• phonological rule 199, 215

• phonological word 185, 196–197

• phonology VII, X, 7, 14, 66–67, 107, 155, 175, 185–191, 195–197, 199

• physical object 8, 11, 14, 24, 62, 69, 70, 74, 150, 163, 167, 173, 177–179, 292

• Platonic object 70, 157, 159, 170

• Platonic realism292

• Platonism 17, 70, 139–141, 151, 154–156, 158–160, 162–164, 167, 170–171, 174–177, 179–180

• Platonist 2, 26, 61, 70, 142, 146–147, 150–151, 153, 155, 158, 160, 163–165, 170–171, 175–180
  • Platonist view IX, 1, 3–5

• Platonized naturalism178

• Postal, Paul M. VII–IX, XI, 12, 38, 85, 139–140, 146, 151, 153–154, 158, 160, 163, 166, 172–173, 177, 180

• PRsee Pattern-and-Restriction Theory

• pragmatics 66–67, 235

• Prawitz format43

• predicate logic 115, 264

• predication 239, 242–244, 246–247, 251–252, 263

• PRO 14, 153–154

• Process Modell of Word-Formation 206, 212, 215, 217, 225

• proper name 94, 271, 274, 279, 284–286

• proposition XI, 4, 9, 12, 15–16, 22, 87, 113, 236–248, 250–252, 264–265, 292

• propositional logic 43, 49, 146, 264, 268

• prove-theoretic grammar112

• psychological object 8, 11–12

• Pullum, Geoffrey 98, 100–101, 103

• quasi-concrete object 172, 177

• Ramchand, Gillian 22–23, 39, 55

• rational realism 70, 73–74

• rational realist 72–74

• real object IX, 24

• realism VII–XII, 12, 61, 70, 74, 81, 83, 87, 140, 145, 151, 153, 155, 158–160, 164, 170–172, 175, 185–187, 189, 199, 235–236, 271, 273, 291–292

• realist IX, 2, 8–9, 72–73, 84, 140, 142, 146–148, 151, 153–155, 235, 271, 273, 290–293
  • realist semantics XI, 252
  • realist theory 170, 203

• recurrence 235, 247–248, 251

• recursive rule 12, 146

• reference 103, 163, 170, 256–257, 264, 285, 292

• representational content 235, 242, 244–246, 250–251

• Resnik, Michael 170–171

• respect constraint 152, 154–155, 157–158, 162, 167, 173, 176, 178

• right node raising 40, 44

• rule 8, 12, 21, 42–44, 50, 52, 66–67, 88, 105, 141, 145–147, 151–155, 159–164, 174, 176, 189, 215, 281, 288–289, 291, 293

• rule-based grammar145

• Sapir, Edward XI, 255–264

• Saussure, Ferdinand de XI, 186, 188, 271–281, 284, 286–294

• Searle, John R. 83–84

• second order logic113

• semantic competence250

• semantic content 235–236, 238, 241–243, 246–252

• semantics VII, XI, 7, 14–16, 18–19, 21, 26, 43–45, 62, 66–67, 85, 87, 112–113, 144, 162–163, 165, 169–170, 174–175, 188, 235–236, 238, 252, 255, 261, 265, 274

• semi-formal grammar 88–90, 97–100, 110

• semiology 271, 273, 283, 291

• sentence IX–XI, 1–5, 9, 12–17, 19, 21, 39–40, 44, 49, 55, 66–67, 69–70, 72–73, 88, 90–92, 97, 106–108, 111–117, 119, 121–125, 127–131, 141–147, 150–153, 155, 158–160, 162, 170–171, 173–176, 188, 219–222, 224, 235–238, 241, 244, 246–250, 252, 263
  • sentence meaning 16, 87, 90, 236, 238

• set theory 53, 115, 140, 147, 165, 170–171

• set-theoretical object 4, 24, 25, 74, 158

• Shapiro, Stewart 161, 168–169, 171–172

• sonority X, 185, 198–199

• Structuralism IX, XI, 81, 139–141, 157, 167–168, 170–171, 180, 191, 271–273

• syllable 66, 144, 185, 194–199, 210, 215

• syllogistic logic 250, 264

• symbol 102–103, 172–173, 193–195, 271–272, 278, 280

• synchrony 278, 281–282, 289–291, 294

• syntactic rule 12, 14

• syntax VII, 7, 9, 14–15, 19, 21, 62, 65–68, 144–145, 149, 153–154, 173–175, 188, 225
  • syntax/semantics interface 40–42, 44, 48–49, 52

• system name 106, 123–126

• system of reference XI, 255–256, 261–262

• system-determination sentence 124–126

• theory integration 79, 132

• theory of grammar 88–89, 118, 123–124

• theory of language X, 79–80, 87–89, 91, 93–96, 104–112, 116–124, 126–130, 132–133, 145, 151, 153, 206–207, 241, 276

• thought content 17–18, 87

• truth XI, 3, 10–11, 16, 52, 87, 91, 111, 113, 119, 129, 151, 158, 162–163, 165, 167, 170–171, 175, 236–240, 242–243, 245, 264, 268

• type-logical grammar 21, 50

• typological theory108

• universal grammar 80, 88, 95

• usage-based grammar84

• utterance 1–2, 5, 14, 41, 71–72, 87, 89–90, 128–129, 153, 172, 174, 244–251
  • utterance meaning 87, 90
  • utterance-based view 2–3

• visual content27

• visual system 25, 27–29, 32, 36, 39

• vocabulary 65, 144–145, 191, 199, 205–207, 223, 256–257, 263

• Wernicke’s area51

• word-formation X, 107, 112, 203–210, 212, 214–215, 222–225
  • word-formation pattern 203–206, 212–214, 217, 219–221, 223–225, 231
  • word-formation process 204–206, 212–214, 217, 219–221, 224–225, 231–232
  • word-formation relation X, 203–206, 212–213, 215, 219–220, 222–225, 229, 233
  • word-formation rule 206, 215, 217