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Part of
Possession in Languages of Europe and North and Central Asia
Edited by Lars Johanson, Lidia Federica Mazzitelli and Irina Nevskaya
[Studies in Language Companion Series 206] 2019
► pp. 393–395

Languages and language families and areas

A

  • Abkhaz 55–56
  • Acatec 330–331, 358
  • Afrikaans345, 353, 358
  • Albanian351, 353, 358–359
  • Altai207, 210, 225–226
  • Amharic 18–19, 25, 311
  • Arabic 58–60, 84, 136, 191, 253
  • Arabian19
    • Modern South Arabian19
  • Aramaic
    • Babylonian Aramaic19
  • Arawak17, 21, 315
    • Campa Arawak17
  • Argobba18
  • Armenian351, 353, 358–359
  • Asturian 348–349, 353, 358–359
  • Australian10, 17
  • Austronesian11, 24
  • Azeri132–136, 138, 143, 147
    • Iranian Azeri 134–136, 138, 143
    See Azerbaijani
  • Azerbaijani19, 148, 244, 250–251, 253, 256, 259–260, 262, 264
  • Aztecan326, 334–335, 337, 354, 358–359

B

  • Baltic 181–182, 184–185, 351, 358
  • Bashkir130, 132–133
  • BesermanSee Udmurt
  • Bosnian350, 353, 358–359
  • Breton4, 27, 29–30, 40, 47, 351, 353, 358–359
  • British Sign Language320, 361
  • Brythonic4, 27, 29–30, 47, 68
  • Budugh243, 264–265
  • Bulgarian350, 353, 358, 360

C

  • Cahita358
  • Catalan 348–349, 353, 358, 360
  • Caucasian 3–4, 239, 243, 263, 266
  • Chatino331, 334, 336, 358, 363
  • Chinantecan358
  • Chocho331, 358, 363
  • Chuj331, 358, 361
  • Celtic 3–4, 16, 27, 47, 49, 62, 68, 84, 175, 181, 351, 358–359
  • Chadic9
  • Chaha18
  • Cornish 3–4, 27–38, 40–43, 45–49
    • Middle Cornish30, 32–35, 46, 49
    • Late Cornish27, 33, 43
    • Revived Cornish33
  • Corachol358
  • Croatian350, 353, 358, 360
  • Czech4, 9, 149–151, 153–163, 165–168, 235, 350, 353, 358, 360

D

  • Dakota22, 24
  • Danish5, 181–182, 271–272, 275–276, 279, 284, 345, 353, 358, 360
  • Dolgan16, 62–63, 67, 82, 84
  • Dongo-ko17
  • Dutch345, 347, 353–355, 358, 360

E

  • English 8–9, 17, 19, 24, 29, 40, 46, 49, 51–53, 56, 61–62, 84, 90, 126, 143, 150, 171–172, 176, 178–179, 195, 205, 207–209, 213–214, 227–233, 235, 263, 265, 276, 297, 304, 314–317, 319, 322, 325, 330–331, 334–335, 340–354, 358, 360–361
  • European languages 2–4, 9, 17, 171–172, 177, 181, 185, 207, 214, 232, 240, 267–269, 273, 277, 287, 310, 319–320, 325, 341, 343–344, 351–353, 391
  • Ewe16, 24

F

  • Faroese288, 345–347, 352–355, 358, 360
  • Finnish 54–55, 120, 182, 186, 355
  • French214, 325, 341, 348, 353, 358, 360, 384–386, 389, 391
    • Old French384, 386, 389
  • Frisian345, 347, 353–355, 358, 360

G

  • Gaelic16, 27, 62, 68–78, 80, 82–84, 172
    • Scottish Gaelic16, 62, 68–78, 80, 82, 84, 172
  • Gafat18
  • Gagauz132, 143
  • Galician348, 353, 358, 360
  • Gascon 348–349, 353, 358, 360
  • Ge’ez19
  • Georgian172, 175
  • German90, 133, 182, 196, 205, 207–208, 230, 232–233, 272, 275–276, 284, 314–316, 319, 325–326, 341, 345, 347–348, 352–353, 358, 360
    • Low German 275–276, 345, 347–348, 352–353, 358, 360
    • Middle Low German275
  • Germanic109, 111, 120, 181, 183, 232, 344–346, 349
    • North Germanic109, 271
  • Goidelic3, 51, 62, 68–69, 71, 78–79, 81–83
  • Greek55, 325, 351, 353, 358, 360, 367
    • Ancient Greek55
    • Modern Greek325
  • Guarijío358, 363

H

  • Harari18
  • Hebrew
    • Biblical Hebrew19, 25
  • Huave358, 363
  • Huavean326, 358

I

  • Icelandic2, 5, 9–11, 15, 177, 267–269, 271–276, 281, 283–286, 288–289, 345–347, 352–355, 358, 360
    • Old Icelandic9
  • Indo-European4, 207, 232, 240, 277, 319–320, 344, 351–353
  • Indonesian18, 25, 311
  • Iquito51
  • Irish27, 62, 68, 73–78, 81–84, 172, 177, 325, 351, 353–354, 358, 360
    • Old Irish68, 81, 84
  • Italian 1–2, 9, 17, 178–179, 286, 341, 348–349, 353, 358, 360, 374, 381, 384–385, 388–389, 392

K

  • Karaim128, 134, 140–141, 147, 233
  • Karachay139, 142
  • Karachay-Balkar139, 142
  • Karakalpak132, 142–144, 147
  • Kashkay19, 92–93, 101
  • Kazakh17, 25, 127–130, 132–135, 143–145, 147, 206–207, 210, 213, 215, 217–218, 222–224, 226–227, 233
  • Kernewek Kemmyn28See Cornish
  • Khakas 206–207, 210, 213, 224
  • Khalaj136
  • Khinalug4, 19–20, 239–245, 247, 249–250, 253, 255–256, 258–260, 262–264
  • Kiliwa 335–337, 358, 363
  • Kirgiz19
  • Kipchak2, 4, 86, 101, 125–126, 128–135, 137–146, 148, 233
    • West Kipchak134, 139–140, 142–143
    • North Kipchak 132–133, 142
    • South Kipchak 128–133, 135, 138, 142–144
    See Turkic
  • Kryz 243–244
  • Kumyk139, 142–143
  • Kwa 9–10

L

  • Latin5, 9, 184, 275–276, 365–374, 376, 378–382, 384–385, 387–392
    • Classical Latin 365–366, 370–374, 376, 378, 381, 384–385, 387–388, 390
    • Late Latin9, 365–366, 371–373, 376, 380, 384–385
  • Latvian351, 353, 355, 358, 360
  • Lezgian 265–266
  • Lithuanian148, 177, 181, 185, 351, 353, 358, 360, 363, 392
  • Likpe 9–10, 15, 24, 323, 361
  • Luxembourgish345, 353, 358, 360

M

  • Macedonian350, 353, 358, 360
  • Matlatzinca335, 337, 358, 362
  • Manx16, 27, 29, 62, 68, 78–80, 82, 84
  • Mandarin Chinese9, 18, 21, 25, 195, 204, 266, 362
  • Marthuthunira17
  • Mayo83, 335, 337–339, 354–355, 358, 362
  • Mayan 326–327, 330–331, 358–359
  • Mazahua358, 361
  • Mba17, 25
  • Mexican3, 325–326, 329–330, 332, 335, 338–341, 351
  • Mexicanero334, 359, 361
  • Mixtec332, 334, 336, 359
  • Mixtecan359
  • Moscona10
  • Lakota19, 25

N

  • Nanti17, 21, 25, 315–316, 319, 363
  • Nahuatl332, 334, 359, 362
  • Nakh-Daghestanian20, 266
  • Noghay 130–131, 137–138, 141–142, 144, 147
  • Norwegian 3–4, 104, 117, 169–170, 172–175, 177–185, 271, 287, 345, 353, 359–360

O

  • Oceanic12, 241, 291
  • Oghuz2, 4, 86, 101, 125–126, 128, 131–136, 138–141, 143–146, 148
    • East Oghuz125, 132–134, 140–141, 146
    • West Oghuz125, 131–136, 138–141, 144–146
    See Turkic
  • Otomí332, 359, 362
  • Otomian 358–359
  • Otomanguean326, 358–359

P

  • Paluai20, 23, 25
  • Papuan16
  • Persian19, 92, 101, 128, 134–136, 148, 253
    • Old Persian19
  • Pima Bajo332, 359, 362
  • Pirahã51, 83–84
  • Polish183, 236, 350, 353, 359–360
  • Popoluca332, 359, 363
  • Popolocan 358–359
  • Portuguese51, 228, 236, 348, 353, 359–360
  • Proto-Romance380
  • Purépecha332, 334, 359, 361

R

  • Romance languages176, 183, 344, 348–350, 365, 373, 384–385
  • Romanian 348–349, 353, 359–360
  • Russian 53–54, 62, 148, 171, 175, 208, 217, 253, 291–292, 302, 309, 350, 353, 355, 359–360

S

  • Saami, Saamic 3–4, 103–110, 112–120, 123, 169–170, 172–175, 177–184, 186
    • North Saami 3–4, 104, 107–108, 117–118, 169–170, 172–175, 177–184
    • South Saami, Southern Saami 3–4, 103–105, 107–110, 112–120, 123, 173
    • Ume Saami116, 120
    • Pite Saami104, 173, 186
    • Lule Saami104, 107–108, 117
  • Sakha, or Yakut3, 16, 51, 62–67, 69, 75, 82–84
  • Semitic19, 25, 205, 207, 229, 232, 311
  • Serbian350, 353, 359–360
  • Seri359, 361
  • Shor6, 206–207, 212, 224–226
  • Slavic5, 128, 134, 146, 172, 185, 344, 349–350, 358–359
  • Slovak350, 353, 359–360
  • Slovenian350, 352–353, 359, 361
  • Spanish 325–328, 330–331, 334–336, 338–339, 348–349, 353, 359, 361
  • Standard Average European (SAE)172, 185, 267, 287
  • Subtiaba326, 359
  • Swedish104, 108–110, 181, 297, 345, 353, 359, 361

T

  • Tatar130, 132, 141–142, 145, 148
  • Tarascan326, 334, 359
  • Tarahumaran358
  • Tepehua359, 362
  • Tlapanec334, 336, 359
  • Totonac 332–333, 359
    • Totonac A359
    • Totonac B359
  • Totonacan326, 359
  • Trique331, 359, 362
  • Tsez 57–58, 84
  • Turkic2–4, 6, 9, 16–17, 19, 24–25, 62–63, 66, 84–87, 92, 101–102, 125–126, 128, 131, 134–136, 138, 140–141, 143, 145–148, 187, 189, 191, 195, 198, 205, 207–212, 215, 224, 226–228, 231–234, 291, 310–311
    • Old Turkic 210–211, 226, 232–233
    See Oghuz, see Kipchak
  • Turkish4, 9, 14–16, 19, 22, 57, 61, 63, 66, 84–85, 87–88, 91, 98, 100–102, 127–128, 130–131, 133–134, 137–139, 141, 143–145, 147–148, 177, 190, 195–196, 204, 209–210, 224, 226–227, 311
  • Turkmen125, 132–134, 137–143, 145–147
  • Tuvan207, 225

U

  • Udmurt5, 17–18, 120, 291–298, 300, 305–309, 311
    • Beserman dialect of Udmurt5, 17–18, 291–293
  • Uralic3, 18, 103, 169, 182, 291–294, 308–311
  • Uyghur4, 13, 15, 17, 22, 187–191, 193, 195–196, 198–199, 203–204
    • Modern Uyghur4, 13, 15, 17, 22, 187–189, 204
  • Welsh4, 27, 29–30, 45–47, 56, 68, 84, 351–355, 359, 361

Y

  • YakutSee Sakha

U

  • Uto-Aztecan326, 334–335, 337, 354, 358–359

Y

  • Yidiñ10
  • Yucatec 185–186, 326–329, 331–332, 356, 359, 362, 391
  • Yukaghir12, 22, 25
    • Kolyma Yukaghir12, 22, 25

Z

  • Zapotec359
  • Zapotecan 358–359
  • Zoque326, 335, 339, 359, 362
    • Mixe-Zoque326, 339, 359