Table of contents
Prefacexi
List of abbreviationsxiii
1. Introduction1
Part One Adjectives as a Distinct Category
2. Criteria for differentiation10
2.1 Introduction11
2.2 Notion of prototypicality13
2.3 Need for multiple criteria15
2.4 Interconnectedness among the criteria16
2.5 Differentiating characteristics18
2.6 Primary and secondary uses19
2.7 Nature of supporting evidence21
3. Differentiation from nouns23
3.1 Introduction23
3.2 Denoting a single property24
3.3 Giving prominence to property itself30
3.4 Being part of a unified entity35
3.5 Inflectional differences39
3.6 Denoting a distinct semantic prototype40
4. Differentiation from verbs43
4.1 Introduction43
4.2 Claims about similarity44
4.3 Difference in categorial usage49
4.4 Difference in dependency status54
4.5 Difference in the scope of modification56
4.6 Difference in temporal status62
5. Differentiation from adverbs67
5.1 Introduction67
5.2 Heterogeniety of adverbs68
5.3 Similarities between adjectives and adverbs72
5.4 Difference in categorial use75
5.5 Difference in dependency status79
5.6 Difference in semantic prototypes82
6. Decategorization of adjectives91
6.1 Introduction91
6.2 Decategorization in nominal use93
6.3 Decategorization in predicative use102
6.4 Decategorization in adverbial use110
6.5 Decategorization in compounding111
7. Decategorization of other word classes119
7.1 Introduction119
7.2 Decategorization of nouns121
7.3 Decategorization of verbs131
7.4 Decategorization of adverbs145
Part Two Adjectives as Parts of Other Categories
8. Criteria for identification151
8.1 Introduction151
8.2 Separation of categoriality152
8.3 Notion of lexicalization154
8.4 Relevance of semantic factors155
8.5 Basis for non-lexicalization156
8.6 Functional explanation for variability158
8.7 Need to establish idealized language types159
9. Identification with nouns165
9.1 Introduction165
9.2 Dependency status in a noun phrase167
9.3 Basic and extended uses173
9.4 Semantic prototypes180
9.5 Basis for gradation184
10. Identification with verbs187
10.1 Introduction187
10.2 Occurrence in predicative position189
10.3 Occurrence in adnominal position191
10.4 Modification and presupposed predication193
10.5 Differentiating characteristics200
11. Identification with nouns and verbs211
11.1 Introduction211
11.2 Criteria for identification214
11.3 Possibility of “norm” connections216
11.4 Difference in temporal status221
11.5 Difference in relationality226
11.6 Derivational differences231
11.7 Reference and predication232
11.8 Distinction in modification235
11.9 Distinction in semantic prototypes236
11.10 Differentiating characteristics239
12. Theoretical implications245
12.1 Categoriality of adjectives245
12.2 Evaluation of mixed-category claim248
12.3 Evaluation of X-bar theory259
12.4 Need to recognize different strategies269
References277
Index of subjects287
Index of names293
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