Subject index

• acceptance 256, 259, 261–262, 271–272, 277–278, 280–281, 283, 285–287, 289

• account 59, 111, 130, 397–398

• advice-giving 272, 290, 401

• aspect marking in imperative8

• authority 14, 21, 47, 92, 106, 128, 133, 143, 145–146, 161, 169, 232, 273, 300, 360–361, 366, 375

• bare imperative 241, 246, 256–257, 267–269

• bald imperative 140, 142–143, 145

• beneficiary 10, 12, 20, 29, 156, 169, 277–278, 286, 290

• benefit 18, 104, 107–108, 110–112, 115, 117, 123, 131–132, 151–156, 159, 161, 165, 168–169, 177, 179, 181, 183, 247, 249, 252, 256, 273, 309, 383, 398, 412, 414–415, 417

• bilateral directive 4, 179

• bilateral request 18, 29, 109, 154, 169

• blaming 92, 97–98

• car space 326–327

• clitic particle with imperative359

• command 14–15, 128, 146, 291, 300, 412–413, 421–422

• commitment 12–13, 27, 29–31, 33, 38–40, 45, 49–50, 52–53, 57–61, 103–104, 107, 111, 128, 132, 184, 215, 226, 228–229, 231–232, 234–235, 238, 252, 276–277, 281–282, 286, 289, 345, 367–368, 382, 393, 406

• common ground 34, 371, 376

• compliance 21, 38, 49, 51–53, 77, 81, 87, 97, 103–104, 117, 125, 131–133, 143, 145, 153, 175, 177–178, 188–189, 191, 193, 195–196, 199–201, 203, 206–207, 215–216, 233–234, 236, 265, 277, 357–359, 363–364, 366, 369–372, 374–376, 383–384, 389, 392, 400–402, 405–406, 414

• conditional construction 307, 417, 419, 422

• contingency 123, 177, 184, 203, 206

• continuity 106–108, 110–112, 114–115, 123, 131, 397

• core meaning 412, 414–415

• correction 77–80, 92, 99, 360, 395, 404

• course of action 14, 27, 29, 34, 38–39, 45–46, 50, 52–53, 57–60, 66, 68, 75, 92, 95, 98, 104, 107, 111, 117, 119, 121, 123, 128, 157, 168, 177, 187, 195, 205, 242, 262, 273, 287, 291, 389, 397

• Danish imperative forms 6, 146

• deictic form113

• demonstrative 22, 42, 74, 411

• deontic authority 14, 33, 36, 47, 139, 155, 177, 242, 259, 271, 277–278, 282, 361, 366, 375

• deontic congruence 279, 282–283

• deontic primacy 278, 287

• deontic relationship 11, 221, 233–234

• deontic rights 14, 20, 220–221, 232, 247, 249, 268, 271–272, 279, 283–286, 291, 415, 417

• deontic role 232, 272, 287

• deontic stance, congruent, Incongruent 178, 199–200, 207, 279

• deontic status 14, 21, 358–359, 373, 375–376

• design features of imperative turn13

• deviant 18, 103–104, 123, 126, 128, 130–132

• diminutive meaning 193, 312, 314

• diminutive morphology 18, 178, 180, 193, 195, 200–201

• directional adverb 329–330, 350

• directive 16, 66, 220, 232, 326, 382, 384

• directive action in instructional setting326

• division-of-labor proposal 345–346

• duration 68, 86–87, 89–90

• English imperative forms 6, 218, 235

• entitlement 28, 66, 80, 92, 106, 155, 169, 177, 191–193, 197, 199–200, 202–203, 269, 278, 287, 289, 301, 382, 384, 406

• Estonian imperative forms 6, 273–274

• Finnish imperative forms 6, 221, 244, 358

• first-person hortative 32, 262

• French imperative forms 6, 67

• future action 155, 220, 232–233, 278, 290–291, 321, 415

• German imperative forms 6, 31–32

• global project 30, 45–50, 58

• go-ahead directive 388–389, 393–394

• grammar of imperative 5–8

• grammaticization of imperative411

• “high cost” action 184, 188–192, 196

• hortative 329–341, 349–352, 357–359, 361–362, 364–367, 370–376, 407

• immediacy 13, 216, 234, 359, 364, 389, 391–392, 413–415

• impatience 165, 168

• imperfective aspect in imperative33

• impoliteness 5, 66, 412, 421

• imposition 10, 146, 151–154, 169

• indexicality 80–86, 99

• institutional interaction300

• instruction 47, 86, 360, 384, 388–389

• intention 241, 246–247, 256, 263, 267–269, 415

• interrogative 52, 105, 128, 180, 203–207, 241, 257–259, 267, 276–282, 290–291, 307–309, 321, 359

• Italian imperative forms 6, 105

• joint action 362, 366–367, 375–376, 411

• local project 27, 30, 38–45, 47, 56–60

• “low cost” action 184–188

• markedness132

• medical consultation 299–304

• mitigator 40, 104, 113, 132

• mitigating device 178–180

• modal particle 34, 139, 143–146, 169, 241, 244–246, 257, 268

• modal-verb declarative 385, 399–403, 405–406

• modulated imperative 20, 299, 303–304, 312–321

• morphological imperative 32–33, 366

• multimodal 66, 72–74, 98–99

• music instruction 360–361

• my-side offer 271, 276–291

• negative imperative 67–68, 92–97, 289

• normativity 18, 130, 132

• NP with locative case marking329

• number marking in imperative 1, 7–8

• offer 20, 247, 252, 271–291, 316, 415

• online calibration 89, 91

• overt subject 7, 12, 19, 67, 147, 156–157, 159, 161, 218, 226, 236–237, 358, 400

• perfective aspect in imperative 8, 41

• permission, granting of 10, 13, 15–16, 18–19, 35, 139, 143, 145, 152, 155–157, 159, 161, 169, 225–226, 244–246, 257–259, 261, 268, 272, 274, 321–322, 389, 399, 406, 413

• permissive 245, 309, 316–317, 391

• person marking in imperative 11, 19, 215, 235, 413

• plain imperative 178, 180, 182–184, 188–189, 191–192, 194, 207

• ‘please’ 113, 178, 180, 188, 193, 196, 200–201, 312, 314, 316, 321

• pluricentric language301

• Polish imperative forms 6, 32–33

• politeness 1–2, 10, 66, 105–106, 176, 178, 181, 196–197, 199, 201, 208, 275, 300, 303, 412, 415

• pragmatic dimensions for use of imperative turn 11–15

• praxeological context 68, 80–86, 92, 98–99

• primary use 103–104, 107, 108, 112

• project 14, 16–18, 27, 28–29, 30, 34, 38–47, 51–52, 54, 56–60, 66, 103–104, 106–109, 111, 113–114, 118–119, 124–127, 130–131, 139, 151, 155, 161, 165, 168, 176, 182–183, 186, 196, 241, 246–247, 251–252, 254, 256, 263, 267–269, 273, 291, 382–383, 393, 399–401, 403, 406

• promise 247, 249–252, 288

• prosodic-phonetic delivery of imperative turn 15, 89, 146-147, 228–229, 318

• proto-imperative412

• repetition 86–87, 168, 216, 237, 249, 251–252, 256–258, 261, 267–268, 271, 274–275, 281–282, 285–287, 289, 291, 417

• requesting 18–19, 21, 27–28, 39, 59, 103–133, 139, 146, 149, 154–155, 161, 169, 176–208, 234, 257–258, 273, 358, 384, 412

• resistance 19, 215–218, 223, 226, 229, 231, 236, 257, 273

• responsive imperative 38, 41, 58, 242, 415

• Russian imperative forms 6, 176, 178, 180–181

• secondary use 103–104, 112, 118, 123–126

• second-person declarative 19, 215, 221, 226, 228, 231–236, 339, 381

• second-person imperative 258, 325–327, 329–331, 333, 338, 341–342, 346–348, 351–352

• sequential position of imperative turn 15–16

• simple declarative 384–385, 398, 403, 405–406

• social action format 4, 18, 139, 146, 148–149, 169–170

• social commitment 27, 29–30, 38, 49, 52, 57, 59–60

• subsequent version 19, 215–216, 218, 220–223, 226, 228–229, 231–237, 333–334, 338, 341

• Swedish imperative forms 6, 300, 319

• syntactic imperative358

• temporality 13, 17, 65–66, 77, 86, 89, 92, 98–99, 366, 381–383, 385, 391–392, 394, 396, 405

• time-critical nature of imperative 9, 13, 389

• turn format with directive meaning 14, 232, 329

• turn-initial particle 270, 392, 394, 396, 398, 403

• typology of imperative forms 2, 5–8

• T/V marking in imperative8

• uncertainty 34–35, 152, 241, 249, 255, 257, 259, 261–262, 265, 267–268, 282, 350

• unilateral request 179, 181, 183, 207

• urgency 13, 16–18, 21, 65, 68, 70–71, 75, 77, 86–87, 126, 133, 327, 339, 341, 389, 391, 394, 414

• verb repeat response 271, 274

• you-me axis 9–11

• zero-person form 329–330, 385, 397, 402, 406