Article published in:
Terminology and e-dictionaries
Edited by Amparo Alcina, Rute Costa and Christophe Roche
[Terminology 25:2] 2019
► pp. 198–221

eLex2

A prototype electronic dictionary application for legal translators

| University of Warsaw
| University of Warsaw

The article reports on the eLex 2 project, which involves designing dictionary software adjusted to the specific needs of legal translators. On the basis of a careful analysis of target user needs and the characteristics of the discipline involved, we defined a set of parameters that should be met by the final product. The resulting prototype offers a number of novel solutions, including a division into sub-dictionaries assigned to different problem complexes in translation, a classification of headwords according to their relations of equivalence with parallel institutions in the secondary legal system, or a special classification of equivalents. The ultimate goal is to make available an application that can be used for compiling and publishing law dictionaries for translators working in various language pairs.

Keywords: legal translation, legal lexicography, dictionary of law, terminography
Published online: 26 November 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00036.sze
References

References

Bergenholtz, Henning, and Sandro Nielsen
2006 “Subject-field Components as Integrated Parts of LSP Dictionaries.” Terminology 12 (2): 281–303. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bray, Laurant
1989 “Consultabilité et lisibilité du dictionnaire [Consultability and readability of the dictionary].” In Wörterbücher: ein internationales Handbuch zur Lexikographie = Dictionaries: an International Encyclopedia of Lexicography = Dictionnaires: encyclopédie internationale de lexicographie, ed. by Franz Josef Hausmann, 1:135–146. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Chaffey, Patrick Nigel
1997 “Language, Law and Reality.” In On the Practice of Legal and Specialised Translation: Papers from the Third International Forum of Legal and Specialised Translation Held in Cracow on 7th and 8th September, 1996, ed. by Zofia Rybińska, 69–84. Warsaw: The Polish Society of Economic, Legal, and Court Translators TEPIS.Google Scholar
Chromá, Marta
2004 Legal Translation and the Dictionary. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Durán Muñoz, Isabel
2012 “Meeting Translators’ Needs: Translation-oriented Terminological Management and Applications.” The Journal of Specialised Translation, no. 18: 77–92.Google Scholar
Faber, Pamela, Pilar León-Araúz, and Arianne Reimerink
2016 “EcoLexicon: New Features and Challenges.” In GLOBALEX 2016: Lexicographic Resources for Human Language Technology and 10th Edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, ed. by Ilan Kernerman, Iztok Kosem, Simon Krek, and Lars Trap-Jensen, 73–80. Portorož: European Language Resources Association (ELRA).Google Scholar
Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A., and Sandro Nielsen
2011 “Online Dictionaries for Assisting Translators of LSP Texts: The Accounting Dictionaries.” International Journal of Lexicography 25 (2): 191–215. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro A., and Sven Tarp
2014 Theory and Practice of Specialised Online Dictionaries. Lexicography versus Terminography. Lexicographica Series Maior 146. Berlin, Boston: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Groot, Gerard-René de
1990 “Die relative Äquivalenz juristischer Begriffe und deren Folge für mehrsprachige juristische Wörterbücher [The relative equivalence of legal concepts and its consequences for multilingual legal dictionaries].” In Translation and Meaning, Part 1. Proceedings of the Maastricht Session of the 1990 Maastricht-Łódz Duo Colloquium on “Translation and Meaning”, Held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, 4–6 January 1990, ed. by Marcel Thelen, and Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 122–128. Maastricht: Euroterm.Google Scholar
Groot, Gerard-René de, and Conrad J. P. van Laer
2006 “The Dubious Quality of Legal Dictionaries.” International Journal of Legal Information 34 (1): 65–86. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hausmann, Franz Josef
1989 “Wörterbuchtypen I: Allgemeine Aspekte der Wörterbuchtypologie und allgemeine einsprachige Wörterbücher [Dictionary types I: General aspects of the dictionary typology and general monolingual dictionaries].” In Wörterbücher: ein internationales Handbuch zur Lexikographie = Dictionaries: an International Encyclopedia of Lexicography = Dictionnaires: encyclopédie internationale de lexicographie, ed. by Franz Josef Hausmann, 1:968–981. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hejwowski, Krzysztof
2004 “Rola słownika dwujęzycznego w procesie tłumaczenia [The role of the bilingual dictionary in the process of translation].” Lingua Legis, no. 12: 6–14.Google Scholar
Kielar, Barbara Z.
1977 Language of the Law in the Aspect of Translation. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
Kromann, Hans-Peder, Theis Riiber, and Poul Rosbach
1991 “Principles of Bilingual Lexicography.” In Wörterbücher: ein internationales Handbuch zur Lexikographie = Dictionaries: an International Encyclopedia of Lexicography = Dictionnaires: encyclopédie internationale de lexicographie, ed. by Franz Josef Hausmann, 3:2711–2728. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kühn, Peter
1989 “Typologie der Wörterbücher nach Benutzungsmöglichkeiten [Typology of dictionaries according to their uses].” In Wörterbücher: ein internationales Handbuch zur Lexikographie = Dictionaries: an International Encyclopedia of Lexicography = Dictionnaires: encyclopédie internationale de lexicographie, ed. by Franz Josef Hausmann, 1:111–127. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
ĽHomme, Marie-Claude
2018 “Maintaining the Balance between Knowledge and the Lexicon in Terminology: a Methodology Based on Frame Semantics.” Lexicography ASIALEX 4 (1): 3–21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lukszyn, Jerzy, and Wanda Zmarzer
2006 Teoretyczne podstawy terminologii [Theoretical principles of terminography]. 2nd ed. Warszawa: Katedra Języków Specjalistycznych.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, Kristen
1998 “An Empirical Study of Dictionary Use in L2–L1 Translation.” In Using Dictionaries. Studies of Dictionary Use by Language Learners and Translators, ed. by Sue B. T. Atkins, 123–141. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.Google Scholar
Mikkelsen, Hans Kristian
1991 “Towards the Ideal Special Language Translation Dictionary.” Hermes, no. 6 (1991): 91–109.Google Scholar
Neubert, Gunter
1990 “Fachlexikographie – Probleme, Aufgaben, Konzepte [Specialised lexicography – problems, objectives, concepts].” Hermes, no. 4 (1990): 67–83.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Sandro
1994 The Bilingual LSP Dictionary. Principles and Practice for Legal Language. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.Google Scholar
Opitz, Kurt
1990 “The Technical Dictionary for the Expert.” In Wörterbücher: ein internationales Handbuch zur Lexikographie = Dictionaries: an International Encyclopedia of Lexicography = Dictionnaires: encyclopédie internationale de lexicographie, ed. by Franz Josef Hausmann, 2:1505–1512. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Pimentel, Janine
2013 “Methodological Bases for Assigning Terminological Equivalents: A Contribution.” Terminology. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication 19 (2): 237–57. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Piotrowski, Tadeusz
1994 Problems in Bilingual Lexicography. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 1694 Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.Google Scholar
Roelcke, Thorsten
2005 Fachsprachen [Languages for Special Purposes]. 2nd ed. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.Google Scholar
Rogers, Margaret, and Khurshid Ahmad
1998 “The Translator and the Dictionary: Beyond Words?” In Using Dictionaries. Studies of Dictionary Use by Language Learners and Translators, ed. by Sue B. T. Atkins, 193–204. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.Google Scholar
Šarčević, Susan
1997 New Approach to Legal Translation. The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
Tarp, Sven
2005 “The Concept of a Bilingual Dictionary.” In Schreiben, Verstehen, Übersetzen, Lernen. Zu ein- und zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern mit Deutsch [Writing, understanding, translating, learning. On mono- and bilingual dictionaries with German], ed. by Irmhild Barz, Henning Bergenholtz, and Jarmo Korhonen, 27–41. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Wien: Peter Lang Verlag.Google Scholar
Urbanek, Dorota
2010 “Tłumaczenie jako komunikacja interkulturowa [Translation as intercultural communication].” In Translatoryka: koncepcje – modele – analizy [Translation studies: theories – models – analyses], ed. by Sambor Grucza, Adam Marchwiński, and Monika Płużyczka, 156–163. Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski.Google Scholar
Varantola, Krista
2003 “Translators and Their Use of Dictionaries: User Needs and User Habits.” In Lexicography: Critical Concepts, ed. by Reinhard Rudolf Karl Hartmann, 1:336–354. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wiegand, Herbert Ernst
2007 “Neuere Aspekte einer Theorie und Typologie von Wörterbuchartikeln und ihre Praxisrelevanz [Newer aspects of a theory and typology of dictionary articles and their practical relevance].” In Dictionary Visions, Research and Practice: Selected Papers from the 12th International Symposium on Lexicography, Copenhagen 2004, ed. by Henrik Gottlieb, and Jens Erik Mogensen, 183–200. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zmarzer, Wanda
1991 “Leksykografia terminologiczna [Terminological lexicography].” In Teoretyczne podstawy terminologii [Theoretical principles of terminology], ed. by Franciszek Grucza, 117–132. Wrocław: Ossolineum.Google Scholar