Index

• absurdity 19, 81, 169, 194, 211, 218, 223, 231, 233

• address term 44, 49

• adjacency pair32

• affiliation 7, 100, 161, 164–165, 268
  • ambient 259, 273, 278–279

• affiliative
  • function165

• aggression 6–7

• aggressiveness263

• allusion 9, 233, 235, 249

• ambiguity 67, 287

• amusement 60, 83, 157, 163, 213, 222, 224

• anecdote 5, 8–9, 82
  • oral10
  • personal109

• anti-proverb9

• applause 17, 107, 109, 111, 117, 123, 129

• asynchronous communication5

• audience 6, 12, 14, 17, 19, 132, 160, 175, 208, 234
  • absent159
  • feedback10
  • involvement 17, 129
  • laughter 130, 138
  • live 124, 143–144
  • overhearing90
  • participation 5, 264
  • reaction14
  • response 113, 124, 135, 137, 144, 146, 158
  • studio 17, 128, 135, 144, 147
  • teasing17

• audience-theory of humor12

• banter 8–9, 17, 81, 92–93, 95

• bilingual
  • community16
  • humor99
  • speech81
  • talk-in-interaction 83, 100

• bilingualism 78, 81

• biting 131, 133, 138, 165

• bona fide 59–62, 65–67, 70, 73 ; see also serious mode

• bonding 20, 37, 83, 100, 121, 131, 133, 138, 140, 147, 156, 171, 175, 259, 264, 297–298

• booing 109, 142–143, 145

• broadcast159
  • dialogue16
  • format 159, 175
  • media18
  • political159
  • talk 159, 175

• butt 19, 116, 131, 137–138, 208, 213, 224, 263 ; see also target

• canned joke 2, 11, 214

• cartoon 4, 9–11, 19, 263

• co-construction
  • of humor 4, 10
  • of meaning3

• code
  • alteration17
  • alternation 78, 83, 97, 100
    • continuum97
    • device78
  • mixing 80–82, 92, 97, 110
  • preferred91
  • switching 3, 78–80, 82–84, 87, 90, 96, 110, 114, 120, 130

• code-mixing17

• code-switching 16, 78

• cognitive
  • effects 20, 286, 289, 292
  • pragmatics 20, 288

• comedian 5, 10, 17, 106–107, 119, 124, 136
  • expatriate119
  • laughter136

• comedy 4, 81, 106, 123 see also stand-up comedy
  • monologue17
  • performance 129, 131
  • routine144
  • show128
  • stand-up 106, 128
  • televised 17, 131

• comic
  • performance 106, 108, 123, 129
  • persona108
  • routine 108, 117, 121
  • style117

• communication
  • asynchronous5
  • bona fide 16
  • computer-mediated9
  • human11
  • internet-mediated 286, 292
  • levels 186, 197
  • non bona fide 16
  • technology-mediated 9, 20, 257, 285, 292

• community 5, 7–8, 13
  • bilingual16
  • membership292
  • network84
  • norms5
  • online296

• conduit theory 57, 59

• contextual
  • constraint 288, 292
  • effects5

• contextualization 79, 82, 286
  • cue 2, 13, 79, 131–132, 138, 157, 175, 184–186, 190–191, 195–196

• conversation9
  • analysis 9, 11, 16
  • informal18

• conversational
  • floor171
  • humor 19, 174, 207, 212, 214, 216, 224
  • joking 132, 156, 166
  • maxims 81, 207, 212, 219
  • sequences81
  • storytelling15
  • teasing 145–146

• conversationalization 174–175

• creativity 5, 7, 19, 21, 212, 261, 294

• crossing 21, 182, 199

• cue269
  • contextualization see contextualization cue
  • gestural132
  • interactional127
  • paralinguistic 130, 133, 172
  • paraverbal130
  • visual138

• cyberpragmatics 285, 300

• deception 19, 206, 208, 223

• delay mechanism 16, 49–50

• denigration 19, 224

• digital
  • communication 258, 261, 266
  • manipulation266
  • media 3, 10, 230, 276
  • meme235

• disaffiliation 91, 164–165, 171

• disaffiliative
  • act91
  • humor19
  • response91

• disbelief see ritualized disbelief

• discourse
  • coherence 65–66
  • management 65, 74
  • marker 59, 66, 69–70, 73, 97
  • mode 16, 58, 72

• discursive asymmetry 18, 143, 146

• disparagement 17, 106, 112, 116–118, 221

• dispreferred
  • act 89, 91
  • action32
  • response 35, 41
  • speech act17

• documentary series156

• double articulation158

• effect
  • humorous 88, 92, 97, 264, 285

• effects
  • cognitive20
  • non-propositional 20, 289, 292

• embarrassment 18, 158, 160–162, 165, 174

• emoji 3, 294

• emoticon 3, 286, 294

• enregisterment 182, 197

• entertainment 19, 81, 86, 143, 155–156, 187, 232, 234, 249

• ethnic group110

• ethnicity 106, 119

• exaggeration 9, 107, 186, 263, 271, 274

• face 163, 175
  • management 99–100
  • threat 81, 83, 99–100, 127, 132

• Facebook 10, 20, 257, 279
  • community 230, 236, 240, 264

• face-saving act69

• face-threatening act 16–17

• face-to-face interaction19

• facial expression 3–4

• fantasy168
  • humor 19, 219, 223, 231

• fictional
  • broadcast18
  • discourse 205, 207
  • interaction 199, 207
  • scenario 231–232, 235, 248–249

• fictionalization232
  • joint 19, 231–232, 234, 238, 248
  • oral239

• footing 109, 130, 170, 173
  • shift130

• frame
  • communicative170
  • fictional71
  • humorous94
  • make-sense286
  • non-serious71
  • perception83
  • playful 38, 48
  • serious95

• framing device 3, 7, 13

• fresh talk 167, 175

• funniness 12, 99

• gaffe 83, 158

• General Theory of Verbal Humor see GTVH

• genre 13, 20, 229, 249
  • broadcast155
  • digital 230, 235
  • new7
  • online234

• gesture 3, 13

• GTVH 11–12, 14, 30, 39, 185, 229, 251, 262–264, 270, 278

• heteroglossia110

• humor
  • absurd223
  • audience-disparaging108
  • bilingual 85–86
  • biting164
  • co-constructed 6, 81, 295

• conversational 19–20, 81, 83, 109, 160, 174, 207, 212, 214, 216, 224

• disaffiliative 19, 224

• disparaging106

• face-to-face9

• failed 4, 163

• follow-up175

• interactional 9–11, 13–14, 21, 31, 111, 279–280

• internet-based20

• involuntary 82, 85

• joint 297–298

• meme-based 259, 279–280

• multimodal 259, 263–265, 278

• online 234, 238, 279

• oral 9–10

• political 259, 262–264, 279–280

• pretense-based223

• register186

• rejected163

• resisted163

• satirical261

• scripted 8, 10, 259

• self-denigrating9

• self-deprecating 31, 109, 111, 298

• self-disparaging 107–108

• sense of 290, 297

• spontaneous18

• stylistic186

• theory 10–11, 14

• unintentional 83, 85, 94, 158

• unsuccessful4

• humorous
  • act 9, 163
  • code-alternation98
  • code-switching79
  • effect 88, 92, 97, 264, 285
  • fantasy 231, 249
  • fictionalization 231, 240
  • follow-up5
  • frame 16, 31, 35, 39, 49, 51, 71, 183
  • genre 15, 229, 234, 251
  • incongruity 16, 235
  • indices3
  • intent 3, 10, 121
  • intention 49, 158
  • key42
  • laughter18
  • meaning potential3
  • mode 10, 17, 47, 49, 64, 83, 86, 95, 99
  • poem 245, 251
  • pretense19
  • punch line133
  • scenario 19, 238
  • sequence 10, 81, 83
  • wordplay 81–82

• hyperbole134

• hyper-understanding222

• identity 109–110
  • construction 17, 31, 81, 85, 100, 185
  • cross-ethnic78
  • fluid 184–185
  • ghetto82
  • in interaction185
  • in-group 261, 273, 279
  • youth 78, 88, 92, 95
  • youthful 183–185

• impersonation 19, 130, 216, 221, 223
  • non-parodic216

• implicature 219, 284, 289

• incongruity 15–16, 18, 22, 29–30, 33–35, 42, 50–51, 81, 86, 88, 93, 100, 158, 169, 186, 198, 231, 240, 245–246, 248, 251, 262–263
  • involuntary82
  • theory of humor15

• incongruous behavior 40, 49

• indexicality184
  • stylistic196

• inference 185, 285

• in-group-ness296

• innuendo 107, 121

• insert
  • expansion 35, 41, 48, 50
  • sequence 35, 41, 44, 50, 136

• insincerity 59–60

• insult70

• intention 1, 13

• intentionality83

• interaction 1, 11
  • cross-generational18
  • face-to-face 8, 19–20, 249, 259, 298
  • fictional 207, 224
  • mediated 15, 20
  • online 9, 20, 232, 239
  • polylogical9
  • scripted 128, 208
  • semiotic9
  • spontaneous168
  • technology-mediated15
  • unscripted168
  • virtual295

• interactional
  • humor 9–11, 13–14, 21, 31
  • sociolinguistics183

• interlanguage
  • error 81–82, 85
  • talk86

• interpretative consensus19

• intertextuality 10, 233, 235, 249

• intimacy 6, 128, 134

• intonation 13, 91, 109, 113, 117, 119, 123, 130, 167

• ironic
  • interpretation61
  • teasing133

• irony 9, 19, 31, 51, 62–63, 68, 71, 90, 132, 134, 136, 143, 158, 186, 206, 210–211, 213, 223, 269, 279
  • humorous213
  • response31
  • surrealistic219

• jab line 16, 37, 39, 45, 49, 83, 88, 98, 119, 122, 128, 131, 263

• jocular
  • mockery298
  • pretense208

• joint
  • fantasizing 219, 231
  • fictionalization 19, 231–232, 234, 238, 248
  • laughter 133, 161, 171, 174–175
  • pretense 205, 214
  • teasing31

• joke 5, 8, 18, 63, 71, 85, 113, 115, 117, 119, 128–129, 285, 298
  • acceptability129
  • canned 2, 4, 9, 11, 214, 229, 263, 287
  • garden-path209
  • pre-scripted131
  • setup 18, 131, 135–136
  • spontaneous287
  • telling 8, 15, 259, 290

• joking 61, 71, 160–161, 163–164, 168, 174, 213, 231, 295–296
  • conversational166
  • sequence144

• keying63

• knowledge resources 12, 13, 263 see also GTVH

• language ideology187

• laugh invitation161

• laughable 18, 157, 165, 168–169, 171, 173, 175
  • non-humorous157

• laughing
  • sequence160
  • voice44

• laughter 3–4, 13, 16, 18, 29, 34, 37, 39–40, 44–47, 49–51, 60–61, 81, 95, 109, 111, 114, 117–119, 123, 129–130, 132–133, 135, 138, 141–142, 146, 156–160, 167, 169–171, 173–175, 269, 296
  • affiliative171
  • aggressive164
  • appreciative 118, 165
  • canned158
  • faked 157–158
  • forced162
  • functions 160–163, 169, 174–175
  • good-natured163
  • humorous 163, 169
  • joint 133, 174–175
  • non-humorous 18, 157, 160, 165, 167
  • non-reciprocal 170–171
  • non-reciprocated163
  • non-responsive157
  • reciprocal164
  • response 146, 158, 174–175
  • responsive 143, 157
  • self-directed161
  • shared 160, 171
  • spontaneous3
  • staged 163–164
  • supportive147
  • triumphant 160, 167
  • unqualified 146–147
  • voluntary157

• make-believe211

• maniphoto 20, 267, 270

• media
  • broadcast 18, 159
  • digital 10, 230
  • mass5
  • mimetic260
  • online 10–11
  • social 5, 10
  • studies11

• mediated
  • discourse15
  • self159

• meme 10, 20, 230, 235, 246, 258, 261, 265, 268, 270, 276, 278, 299
  • caption270
  • multimodal265
  • political265

• metadiscourse65

• metalanguage 65–66

• metalingual
  • comment8
  • function65

• metalinguistic
  • awareness66
  • comment 59, 63, 66–67, 69
  • discourse marker 66, 73

• metalinguistic device3

• metamessage3

• metaphor8
  • visual272

• metapragmatic
  • awareness65
  • model of humor14
  • stereotype14

• mimicking 216, 261

• miming 138, 141, 144

• misinterpretation 16, 69

• misunderstanding of humor269

• mitigation 6–7, 42, 130

• mock
  • insult98
  • seriousness173

• mockery298

• mocking 8, 17, 112, 116, 120, 134, 211

• mode 61–62
  • change74
  • disambiguation 69–70, 72
  • humorous 3, 17
  • intended16
  • marker72
  • negotiation 59, 71, 74
  • non-serious 64, 74
  • serious67

• multimodal
  • humor 259, 263–264, 278
  • interaction9
  • marker3
  • meme265

• multimodality20

• narrative
  • storytelling16
  • strategy 13, 229

• narrator10

• negotiability of humor4

• negotiation
  • of humor 6–12, 14
  • of meaning4
  • of mode16
  • non-bona fide 59–62, 64, 66–67, 70, 73, 105 ; see also non-serious mode

• non-native comic performance117

• nonsense93

• non-serious mode 58–59

• offense 106, 122, 220

• online
  • communication 230, 287, 292
  • fictionalization239
  • genre238
  • genre of humor234
  • humor234
  • identity300
  • joint fictionalization 230, 250
  • social network250

• paradox9

• paralinguistic cue172

• parody 19, 216, 221, 223, 261

• participation framework 94, 259, 279

• performance 5, 14, 108–109
  • authentic159
  • linguistic14
  • live 17, 109
  • monologic18
  • monologue128
  • stand-up17
  • stylized159

• performative strategy17

• personal anecdote 8–9

• phaticity 234, 287–288

• play 62, 206
  • frame157

• playful
  • attack93
  • behavior16
  • echoing222
  • frame 48, 51, 131
  • response95

• playfulness 7, 29, 42, 50–51, 62, 70, 127, 141, 157, 168, 235, 262, 294

• preference
  • organization80

• pretense 19, 62, 205, 208, 217, 223–224
  • covert 19, 208, 210, 223–224
  • deceptive 206–207
  • joint214
  • make-believe206
  • non-deceptive 207, 214
  • overt 19, 208, 210, 212–213, 216–217, 222, 224, 240
  • theatrical206
  • theory of irony210
  • types 206–207

• prompt 18, 157, 175
  • non-textual157
  • situational157

• prosody 2–3, 7, 47, 132

• pun 8–9, 17, 82, 99, 278

• punch line 17–18, 37, 98, 107, 117, 119, 122, 131, 144, 263, 273–274, 285

• quasi-laughter163

• rapport157

• rapport building 128, 129, 134

• reality TV 165, 174

• recontextualization 5, 7, 10, 251

• redressive action99

• register182
  • clash 9, 81

• relevance theory 20, 284, 288, 300

• response 5, 16, 111–112, 124, 135, 138, 157, 276
  • discordant143
  • dispreferred145
  • elicitation 111–112
  • mimetic279
  • non-humorous276
  • preferred145
  • sarcastic276
  • pofaced147
  • serious146

• reversal222

• ridicule164

• ridiculousness211

• ritualized
  • disbelief 16, 30, 35, 41–42, 44–45, 49–51
  • insults65

• role
  • play 19, 215, 223, 235
  • reversal 7, 191, 196

• rudeness65

• sarcasm 8–9, 132, 136, 143, 211, 269, 274, 278–279

• scenario 109, 274, 285
  • absurd219
  • fictional 231–232, 235, 248–249
  • humorous238
  • imaginary 232, 238, 249
  • jointly constructed111
  • sexual117
  • unrealistic81

• script 186, 270
  • opposition 2, 12, 18, 22, 30, 33, 39, 49, 83, 186, 191, 196, 198, 264, 270, 276
  • overlapping12

• scripted
  • discourse15
  • humor 7, 9–10, 259
  • text 15, 19

• scriptedness 106, 128, 159–160, 167, 175

• self-deprecating humor298

• self-deprecation 129, 209

• self-disparagement 17, 82, 106, 112, 116–118
  • indirect117

• self-mocking121

• self-repair195

• sequential
  • organization 77, 98

• sequentiality10

• series see television series

• serious
  • mode 67, 69, 71, 95

• sex 118, 120–121, 123–124, 189, 191, 218, 290, 299
  • lesbian118

• sexual
  • innuendo107
  • liberation 190, 197, 199
  • scenario117
  • taboo189

• sincerity 59, 61, 67, 73, 211, 214

• sitcom 8–9, 187, 190, 198

• slang190

• smile 3–4

• social
  • bonding19
  • identity 5–6
  • indexation of meaning19
  • media 5, 8, 10, 251, 260–261
  • network 8, 240, 248, 250–251

• solidarity 6, 20, 37, 69, 79, 133, 157, 232, 297–299

• spontaneity 15–16, 159–160, 175

• spontaneous
  • conversation 16, 73
  • discourse 16, 72
  • humor18
  • interaction59

• stand-up 4, 17
  • comedian106
  • comedy 10, 106–109, 128
  • for expatriates124
  • routine109

• stereotype 17, 19, 112, 115, 121, 299
  • age-based19
  • Asian121
  • ethnic112
  • foreigner 17, 115
  • Italian 112, 115
  • metapragmatic14
  • racist121

• storyteller16

• storytelling 29, 31, 231
  • conversational15

• style 38, 119, 133, 138, 159, 175, 182–183, 190
  • of talk183
  • performing119
  • sociolinguistic 182–183
  • speech 114, 182, 198

• stylization 159, 182

• superiority 108, 163, 262
  • ethnic116
  • sense of 17, 116, 122

• swearing 115, 122

• switch 87, 100
  • disaffiliative90
  • discourse organizational87
  • humor-related87
  • intrasentential97
  • of modes68

• switching
  • continuum 17, 84
  • intra-turn87

• taboo 118, 129, 186, 189

• talk
  • fresh175
  • unscripted167

• talk show147
  • late-night135
  • political158

• target 12, 17, 39, 110, 116, 131, 136, 187, 199, 263, 265

• teasing 9, 17, 31, 51, 78, 89, 92–94, 99, 127, 130–136, 143, 145, 168, 224
  • audience-directed130
  • frame94
  • ironic133
  • joint31
  • mode92
  • non-verbal136
  • sequence 98, 128, 132–133, 147
  • style147

• television
  • broadcast159
  • comedy 17, 186
  • comedy show128
  • discourse182
  • documentary 18, 155, 175
  • genre 11, 19, 174
  • late-night135
  • reality 165, 174
  • series 8, 159, 181–182, 187, 198, 207
  • show231
  • viewer146

• transposition 136, 138, 141, 144

• trumping 19, 222–223

• turn-taking231

• uncanniness 186, 197, 220

• unscripted talk167

• viral
  • humor294
  • meme299

• voiceover 159, 166
  • track167

• wit 19, 109, 220, 224

• witticism173

• wordplay 8, 16, 49–51

• youth
  • language 183–184, 197
  • speech style 18, 182