Trilingual Language Acquisition

Contextual factors influencing active trilingualism in early childhood

| University of Zurich
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027244055 | EUR 95.00 | USD 143.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027267887 | EUR 95.00 | USD 143.00
 
This book examines the language development of two children from the ages of two till four, who are growing up exposed to English, Swiss German and French. Its aim is to ascertain the importance of different environmental factors in fostering active trilingualism. These factors include the quantity of input for each language, whether or not the societal language is spoken in the home, and the conversational style of the caregivers. Although increasing numbers of children are being raised trilingually, research in this field is scarce; this study thus makes an important contribution to our knowledge of trilingual language acquisition. A special point of interest lies in a comparison of the acquisition of two minority languages by a single child, since this allows us to pinpoint more precisely how the development of non-societal languages can be influenced. This book will be of considerable interest to researchers and students working on multilingualism and language acquisition alike.
[Trends in Language Acquisition Research, 16]  2015.  x, 225 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.16
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
ix–x
1. Introduction
1–8
2. Bilingual Language Acquisition Research: A Review of the Literature
9–34
3. Trilingual Language Acquisition Studies
35–74
4. A Study of Trilingual Language Acquisition in Context: Methodology
75–94
5. The Children's Language Production
95–136
6. "He spends a lot of time with his grandmother": Contextual Factors
137–156
7. "What does Shelly say?": Focus on Caregiver Discourse Styles
157–194
8. Active Trilingualism in Early Childhood: Contextual Explanations
195–204
Appendices
205–216
References
217–222
Index
223–225
“This excellent study on Trilingual First Language Acquisition is a milestone in the field. The author’s contribution to the field lies both in her study’s carefully collected novel empirical data and in her thoughtful and comprehensive analyses.”
Cited by

Cited by 11 other publications

No author info given
2019.  In Bilingual Children, ► pp. 156 ff. Crossref logo
Allen, Shanley E. M.
2017. Comparison as a fruitful way forward. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7:6 ► pp. 668 ff. Crossref logo
Arnaus Gil, Laia, Natascha Müller, Nadine Sette & Marina Hüppop
2021. Active bi- and trilingualism and its influencing factors. International Multilingual Research Journal 15:1 ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
De Houwer, Annick
2018.  In Bilingual Cognition and Language [Studies in Bilingualism, 54], ► pp. 127 ff. Crossref logo
Annick De Houwer & Lourdes Ortega
2018.  In The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingualism, Crossref logo
Madrazo, Arnel R. & Allan B. I. Bernardo
2018. Measuring Two Types of Inhibitory Control in Bilinguals and Trilinguals: Is There a Trilingual Advantage?. Psychological Studies 63:1 ► pp. 52 ff. Crossref logo
Meisel, Jürgen
2019.  In Bilingual Children, Crossref logo
Pittman, Iulia
2019.  In International Research on Multilingualism: Breaking with the Monolingual Perspective [Multilingual Education, 35], ► pp. 125 ff. Crossref logo
Poeste, Meike, Natascha Müller & Laia Arnaus Gil
2019. Code-mixing and language dominance: bilingual, trilingual and multilingual children compared. International Journal of Multilingualism 16:4 ► pp. 459 ff. Crossref logo
Sivakumar, Abira, Natascha Müller & Laia Arnaus Gil
2020.  In New Trends in Language Acquisition Within the Generative Perspective [Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics, 49], ► pp. 165 ff. Crossref logo
Zhan, Ying
2020. The role of agency in the language choices of a trilingual two-year-old in conversation with monolingual grandparents. First Language ► pp. 014272372092348 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 january 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Aronin, Larissa & Singleton, David
2012 Multilingualism [Impact: Studies in Language and Society 30]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Julia
2006 Early Trilingualism. A Focus on Questions. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
2011 The influence of child-directed speech in early trilingualism. International Journal of Multilingualism 8(1): 42–62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Barron-Hauwaert, Suzanne
2000 Issues surrounding trilingual families: Children with simultaneous exposure to three languages. Zeitschrift für Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht 5(1). http://​zif​.spz​.tu​-darmstadt​.de​/jg​-05​-1​/beitrag​/barron​.htmGoogle Scholar
Bates, Elizabeth, Bretherton, Inge & Sebestyen Snyder, Lynn
1988 From First Words to Grammar: Individual Differences and Dissociable Mechanisms. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Botinis, Antonis, Granström, Bjorn & Möbius, Bernd
2001 Developments and paradigms in intonation research. Speech Communication 33: 263–296. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Braun, Andreas
2012 Language maintenance in trilingual families – A focus on grandparents. International Journal of Multilingualism 9(4): 423–426. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Braun, Andreas & Cline, Tony
2010 Trilingual families in mainly monolingual societies: Working towards a typology. International Journal of Multilingualism 7(2): 110–127. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 Language Strategies for Trilingual Families: Parents’ Perspectives. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Brown, Roger
1973 A First Language: The Early Stages. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, Jack K.
2003 Sociolinguistic Theory, 2nd edn. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Chevalier, Sarah
2006 Trilingual tots. The New Stork Times: The Parenting Source for Switzerland 14(4): 12–13.Google Scholar
2008 Contextual aspects of early trilingualism. In Two or More Languages: Proceedings from the 9th Nordic Conference on Bilingualism, August 10–11, 2006, Joensuu, Alexandre Nikolaev & Jussi Niemi (eds), 37–46. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.Google Scholar
2012a Active trilingualism in early childhood: The motivating role of caregivers in interaction. International Journal of Multilingualism 9(4): 437–454. Special Issue: Social and Affective Factors in Multilingualism Research. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012b Mobile parents, multilingual children. In On the Move: Mobilities in English Language and Literature [SPELL, Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 27], Annette Kern-Staehler & David Britain (eds), 99–115. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
2013 Caregiver responses to the language mixing of a young trilingual. Multilingua. Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 32(1): 1–32.Google Scholar
Comeau, Liane, Genesee, Fred & Lapaquette, Lindsay
2003 The modeling hypothesis and child bilingual codemixing. The International Journal of Bilingualism 7(2): 113–126. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cruttenden, Alan
1997 Intonation, 2nd edn. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena
1999 Prosodic mixes: Strategies in multilingual language acquisition. The International Journal of Bilingualism 3(1): 1–21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 Three is a Crowd? Acquiring Portuguese in a Trilingual Environment. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Crystal, David
1974 Review of Roger Brown’s ‘A First Language’. Journal of Child Language 1: 289–334.Google Scholar
De Houwer, Annick
1990 The Acquisition of Two Languages from Birth: A Case Study. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1995 Bilingual language acquisition. In The Handbook of Child Language, Paul Fletcher & Brian MacWhinney (eds), 219–250. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
1999 Environmental factors in early bilingual development: The role of parental beliefs and attitudes. In Bilingualism and Migration, Guus Extra & Ludo Verhoeven (eds), 75–95. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 Trilingual input and children’s language use in trilingual families in Flanders. In Trilingualism in Family, School and Community, Charlotte Hoffmann & Jehannes Ytsma (eds), 118–135. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
2007 Parental language input patterns and children’s bilingual use. Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 411–424. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009 Bilingual First Language Acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
De Houwer, Annick & Bornstein, Marc H.
2015 Forthcoming. Balance patterns in early bilingual acquisition: A longitudinal study of word comprehension and production. In Operationalising and Measuring Language Dominance, Carmen Silva-Corvalàn & Jeanine Treffers-Daller (eds) Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
De Swaan, Abram
2001 Words of the World: The Global Language System. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Deuchar, Margaret & Quay, Suzanne
2000 Bilingual Acquisition. Theoretical Implications of a Case Study. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Dewaele, Jean-Marc
2000 Trilingual first language acquisition: Exploration of a linguistic “miracle”. La Chouette 31: 41–45.Google Scholar
2007 Still trilingual at ten: Livia’s multilingual journey. Multilingual Living Magazine March/April, 68–71.Google Scholar
Dieth, Eugen
[1938]1986 Schwyzertütschi Dialäktschrift, 2nd edn, Christian Schmid-Cadalbert (ed.). Aarau: Verlag Sauerländer.Google Scholar
Döpke, Susanne
1992 One Parent One Language: An Interactional Approach [Studies in Bilingualism 3]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1998 Review of Elizabeth Lanza’s ‘Language Mixing in Infant Bilingualism’. The International Journal of Bilingualism 2(3): 106–109.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Malcolm & Dewaele, Jean-Marc
2007 Trilingual conversations: A window into trilingual competence? The International Journal of Bilingualism 11(2): 221–241. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Faingold, Eduardo D.
1999 The re-emergence of Spanish and Hebrew in a multilingual adolescent. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 2(4): 283–295. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Charles
[1959]2003 Diglossia. In Sociolinguistics: The Essential Readings, Christina Bratt Paulston & Richard Tucker (eds), 345–358. Malden MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller & Thomas,
Enlli Môn 2009 Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12(2): 213–237. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Genesee, Fred
2003 Rethinking bilingual acquisition. In Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles. Festschrift in Honour of Hugo Beatens Beardsmore, Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Houson & Li Wei (eds), 204–228. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Genesee, Fred, Nicoladis, Elena & Paradis, Johanne
1995 Language differentiation in early bilingual language development. Journal of Child Language 22: 611–631. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Genesee, Fred, Boivin, Isabelle & Nicoladis, Elena
1996 Talking with strangers: A study of bilingual children’s communicative competence. Applied Psycholinguistics 17: 427–442. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, François
1982 Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
2001 The bilingual’s language modes. In One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing, Janet Nicol (ed.), 1–22. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gumperz, John J.
1982 Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Haugen, Einar
1972 The stigmata of bilingualism. In The Ecology of Language. Anwar S. Dil (ed.). Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hélot, Christine
1988 Bringing up children in English, French and Irish: Two case studies. Language Culture and Curriculum 1(3): 281–287. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, Charlotte
1985 Language acquisition in two trilingual children. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 6(6): 479–495. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2001 Towards a description of trilingual competence. The International Journal of Bilingualism 5(1): 1–17. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, Charlotte & Stavans, Anat
2007 The evolution of trilingual codeswitching from infancy to school age: The shaping of trilinual competence through dynamic language dominance. International Journal of Bilingualism 11(1): 55–72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Juan-Garau, Maria & Pérez-Vidal, Carmen
2001 Mixing and pragmatic parental strategies in early bilingual acquisition. Journal of Child Language 28: 59–86. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kasuya, Hiroko
1998 Determinants of language choice in bilingual children: The role of input. The International Journal of Bilingualism 2(3): 327–346.Google Scholar
Kazzazi, Kerstin
2007 Man se tā baladam. Language awareness in a trilingual child. Presentation given at the “L3” conference, 3–5 September 2007, Stirling, Scotland.Google Scholar
2011  Ich brauche mix-cough: Cross-linguistic influence involving German, English and Farsi. International Journal of Multilingualism 8(1): 63–79. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, Charlotte
2007 Strategic processing in grammar learning: Do multilinguals use more strategies? International Journal of Multilingualism 4(4): 241–261. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Labov, William
1970 The study of language in its social context. Studium Generale 23: 30–87.Google Scholar
Lanza, Elizabeth
1992 Can bilingual two-year-olds code-switch? Journal of Child Language 19(3): 633–658. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
[1997] 2004 Language Mixing in Infant Bilingualism: A Sociolinguistic Perspective, 2nd edn. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2001 Bilingual first language acquisition. A discourse perspective on language contact in parent–child interaction. In Trends in Bilingual Acquisition [Trends in Language Acquisition Research 1], Jasone Cenoz & Fred Genesee (eds), 203–229. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
MacLaughlin, Barry
1978 Second Language Acquisition in Childhood. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, Brian
2011 The CHILDES Project Tools for Analyzing Talk – Electronic Edition, Part 1: The CHAT Transcription Format. http://​childes​.psy​.cmu​.edu​/manuals​/chat​.pdf [17 March 2011].Google Scholar
Maneva, Blagovesta
2004 ‘Maman, je suis polyglotte!’: A case study of multilingual language acquisition from 0 to 5 years. International Journal of Multilingualism 1(2): 109–122. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meisel, Jürgen
1989 Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. In Bilingualism Across the Lifespan: Aspects of Acquisition, Maturity, and Loss, Kenneth Hyltenstam & Loraine K. Obler (eds), 13–40. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 The bilingual child. In The Handbook of Bilingualism, Tej K. Bhatia & William C. Ritchie (eds), 91–113. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mikès, Melanie
1990 Some issues of lexical development in early bi- and trilinguals. In Children’s Language, Gina Conti-Ramsden & Caroline Snow (eds), 103–120. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
1991 Some issues of grammatical development in early trilinguals. Anuario de Psicología 48: 29–38.Google Scholar
Montanari, Simona
2005 “Sol! ‘GANDA, cute!” A longitudinal study of language choice in a developing trilingual child. In ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. James Cohen, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad & Jeff MacSwann (eds), 1662–1678. Somerville MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
2010 Language Differentiation in Early Trilingual Development. Evidence from a Case Study. Saarbrücken: Verlag Dr. Müller.Google Scholar
Nicoladis, Elena & Genesee, Fred
1998 Parental discourse and codemixing in bilingual children. The International Journal of Bilingualism 2(3): 85–99.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, William
2005 How Children Learn Language. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, Elinor & Schieffelin, Bambi
1995 The impact of language socialization on grammatical development. In The Handbook of Child Language, Paul Fletcher & Brian MacWhinney (eds), 73–94. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Oller, D. Kimbrough
2010 All-day recordings to investigate vocabulary development: A case study of a trilingual toddler. Communication Disorders Quarterly 31: 213–222. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, Jennifer
1988 Word-internal code-switching constraints in a bilingual child’s grammar. Linguistics 26: 479–493. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Quay, Suzanne
2001 Managing linguistic boundaries in early trilingual development. In Trends in Bilingual Acquisition [Trends in Language Acquisition Research 1], Jasone Cenoz & Fred Genesee (eds), 149–199. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 Dinner conversations with a trilingual two-year-old: Language socialization in a multilingual context. First Language 28(1): 5–33. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011a Introduction: Data-driven insights from trilingual children in the making. International Journal of Multilingualism 8(1): 1–4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2011b Trilingual toddlers at daycare centres: The role of careigivers and peers in language development. International Journal of Multilingualism 8(1): 22–41. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 Discourse practices of trilingual mothers: Effects on minority home language development in Japan. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 15(4): 435–453. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ronjat, Jules
1913 Le développement du langage observé chez un enfant bilingue. Paris: Champion.Google Scholar
Safont-Jordà, Maria-Pilar
2011 Early requestive development in consecutive third language learning. International Journal of Multilingualism 10: 1–21.Google Scholar
2012 A longitudinal analysis of Catalan, Spanish and English request modifiers in early third language learning. In Cross-linguistic Influences in Multilingual Language Acquisition, Danuta Gabrys-Barker (ed.), 99–114. Berlin: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013 Early stages of trilingual pragmatic development. A longitudinal study of requests in Catalan, Spanish and English. Journal of Pragmatics 59: 68–80. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Saville-Troike, Muriel
1987 Dilingual discourse: The negotiation of meaning without a common code. Linguistics 25(1): 81–106. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, Stephan
2010 Segmental features of Swiss German ethnolects. Presentation given at the “Sociophonetics at the Crossroads of Speech Variation, Processing and Communication” conference, 14–15 December 2010, Pisa, Italy.
Stavans, Anat & Swisher, Virginia
2006 Language switching as a window on trilingual acquisition. International Journal of Multilingualism 3(3): 193–220. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stavans, Anat
1992 Sociolinguistic factors affecting codeswitches produced by trilingual children. Journal of Language, Culture and Curriculum 5(1): 42–53.Google Scholar
2001 Trilingual narratives: Relating events in three languages. In Narrative Development in a Multilingual Context [Studies in Bilingualism 23], Ludo Verhoeven & Sven Stromqvist (eds), 340–372. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma & Jucker, Andreas H.
2010 Trends and developments in historical pragmatics. In Historical Pragmatics, Andreas H. Jucker & Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 3–30. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tannen, Deborah
2005 Intercultural Sociolinguistics as a resource for Intercultural Pragmatics. Intercultural Pragmatics 2(2): 205–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 Language and culture. In An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, Ralph W. Fasold and Jeff Connor-Linton (eds), 343–372. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Tare, Mehda & Gelman, Susan A.
2010 Can you say it another way? Cognitive factors in bilingual children’s pragmatic language skills. Journal of Cognition and Development 11: 137–158. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 “We call it as puppy”: Pragmatic factors in bilingual language choice. In Language in Interaction: Studies in honor of Eve V. Clark [Trends in Language Acquisition Research 12], Inbal Arnon, Marisa Casillas, Chigusa Kurumada and Bruno Estigarribia (eds), 191–206. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Jenny
1995 Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Volterra, Virginia & Taeschner, Traute
1978 The acquisition and development of language by bilingual children. Journal of Child Language 5: 311–326. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Xiao-lei
2008 Growing up with Three Languages. Birth to Eleven [Parents’ and Teachers’ Guides]. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Wong Fillmore, Lily
1991 When learning a second langauge means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 6: 323–346. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Subjects

Linguistics

Bilingualism
Language acquisition
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
Applied linguistics
BIC Subject: CFDM – Bilingualism & multilingualism
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2015026585 | Marc record