Index

• additive bilingualism 389, 390, 391, 404, 406

• animacy155

• argument structure 3, 18, 22, 23, 76, 115, 153, 163, 167, 172, 358

• article omission 17, 361, 368, 372, 384, 386

• articles 11, 12, 17, 20, 26, 81, 98, 156, 194, 197, 332, 333, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 384n 6, 385, 386, 387

• assessment 77, 78, 277, 278, 281, 291, 293, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 307, 316, 319, 320, 321, 323, 328, 331, 332, 358, 397

• autism 16, 17, 278, 296, 325, 327, 329, 331, 334, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 348, 349, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359

• autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 16, 17, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 351, 357

• background(ing) 50, 51, 52, 58, 80, 85, 86, 88, 94, 157, 193, 195, 196, 224, 225, 226, 231, 240, 280, 297, 382

• backness harmony 13, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 53

• bilingual (see also additive bilingualism and substractive bilingualism) 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 51, 78, 117, 119, 120, 121, 129, 132, 133, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 174, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 273, 297, 298, 319, 320, 321, 323, 361, 385, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 403, 405, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411

• blending 15, 244, 249, 250, 251, 253, 258, 259, 263

• canonical word order 86, 88, 90, 92, 108

• case marking 4, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 116, 117, 126, 173, 314, 362, 386

• case morphology 2, 4, 25, 323

• childhood bilingualism 9, 10, 12, 17, 361

• classifiers 198, 199, 201, 208, 219

• cluster errors 260, 261, 264, 265

• cognitive factors 223, 269

• cognitive flexibility 13, 17, 390, 393, 395, 404, 406

• Combinatory Categorial Grammar 99, 101, 109

• Communicative Development Inventory 275, 277, 293, 339, 407

• cross-linguistic variation 177, 189, 190

• crosslinguistic influence 10, 23, 25

• CTOPP 249, 250, 251, 270

• Czech 224, 267

• definite articles 81, 362, 363, 365, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 374, 381, 382, 383, 384, 384n 6, 385, 386

• definiteness 12, 160, 172, 196, 197, 200, 216, 217, 361, 362, 369, 370, 371, 382, 385

• demonstrative pronouns 157, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 173

• disharmonization 39, 41

• disharmony 32, 36, 39, 52, 54

• Disjunction Parameter 121, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 139, 146

• downward entailment123

• Dutch 6, 6n 1, 19, 20, 21, 79, 178, 179, 225, 231, 238, 290, 292, 320, 368, 385

• elision 16, 249, 250, 251, 253, 257, 258, 263

• evidentiality 3, 23, 335

• executive functions 13, 296, 389, 393, 394, 397, 404, 405, 410

• expressive vocabulary 227, 231, 275, 276, 281, 329, 331, 332, 338

• eye-tracking 3, 13, 99, 101, 104, 105, 117

• familiarity-to-novelty-shift (see also L1 acquisition)29

• first language acquisition 20, 21, 22, 23, 57, 117, 129, 148, 149, 173, 188, 269, 319, 320, 356, 357

• Fluctuation Hypothesis 361, 369, 372, 384

• fluency 224, 225, 230, 234, 240, 241, 250, 330, 337, 394

• focus 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 13, 16, 17, 33, 51, 58, 80, 81, 82, 85, 87, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97, 101, 154, 156, 157, 158, 170, 173, 175, 177, 178, 208, 216, 231, 237, 267, 296, 302, 342, 349, 362, 391

• French 1, 5, 6, 19, 21, 23, 24, 54, 63, 76, 81, 96, 98, 157, 160, 162, 164, 173, 179, 182, 188, 194, 201, 218, 290, 292, 321, 322, 391, 392, 395, 403, 408

• functional categories 10, 11, 17, 21, 341, 342, 344, 346, 347, 348, 353, 355, 357, 358

• German 5, 6, 6n 1, 7, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26, 32, 51, 77, 79, 81, 96, 98, 103, 106, 116, 117, 125, 149, 156, 157, 162, 164, 178, 179, 186, 218, 219, 225, 299, 319, 321, 323, 395

• gesture 15, 92, 153, 154, 172, 175, 177, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191

• grammatical complexity 291, 332, 333

• grapheme-phoneme correspondence266

• harmonization 39, 41, 49

• harmony 6, 7, 13, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 42n 4, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56

• head-final language 14, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 114, 161

• head-turn paradigm 29, 34

• Herdan’s Log TTR 57, 58, 60, 62, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75

• High SES 229, 232, 233, 234 235, 390, 393, 396, 397

• home literacy 226, 227, 229, 231, 238, 239, 240, 241

• immersion 390, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410

• indefinite articles 17, 81, 194, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370, 371, 374, 380, 382, 383, 384, 385

• indefiniteness 160, 165, 173, 194, 196, 200, 217, 218, 371, 379, 381, 382

• inflectional morphology 3, 11, 24, 60, 187, 284, 287, 340, 348, 371, 386

• information structure 4, 82, 83, 85, 87, 90, 97, 110, 157

• inhibition 19, 103, 104, 393, 394, 398, 405, 407

• Italian 6, 21, 23, 24, 25, 77, 98, 178, 268, 283, 290, 292, 299, 319, 392

• joint attention 155, 161, 172, 173, 175

• L1 acquisition (see first language acquisition) 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 82, 365, 369, 404

• L2 acquisition (see second language acquisition) 1, 10, 11, 17, 367, 369, 371, 382,383, 387, 392

• language and thought 76, 177

• language delay 275, 276, 279, 280, 285, 289, 291, 292, 293, 316, 320, 334, 341, 349

• language impairment 9, 19, 23, 25, 26, 172, 276, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 303, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 330, 333, 334, 338, 340, 341, 358, 384

• late talker276

• letter knowledge 224, 227, 228, 245

• lexical categories 5, 57, 62, 67, 70, 75, 77, 113, 339

• lexical diversity 14, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 231, 328

• listening comprehension 15, 223, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240

• literacy development 1, 7, 15, 17, 221, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 234, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 245, 246, 268, 392

• Low SES 228, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 390, 392

• MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI)298

• Mean length of utterance (MLU) add 278, 328, 349 here

• metalinguistic development392

• Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis 371, 384

• monolingual 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 29, 32, 51, 79, 81, 82, 83, 87, 117, 120, 121, 129, 131, 132, 133, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 164, 243, 245, 248, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 266, 273, 275, 281, 298, 300, 301, 302, 321, 323, 361, 373, 378, 379, 385, 391, 392, 395, 396, 403, 405

• morphological errors 295, 317

• morphological variability 10, 11

• motion events 15, 163, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191

• narration 194, 195, 196, 197, 202, 205, 206, 210, 216

• narrative 15, 173, 175, 181, 191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 201, 202, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 228, 233, 240, 241, 298, 303, 321, 329, 335, 336, 337, 339, 367, 407

• nonverbal communication 153, 181, 188

• nonverbal representation of events177

• noun dominance 57, 62

• noun inflection300

• omission errors 11, 12, 368, 383

• online processing14

• onset-rime awareness245

• opaque orthography230

• optional infinitives (see also root infinitives)6

• orthographic depth 243, 247

• orthography 8, 15, 23, 65, 224, 229, 230, 231, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 246, 264, 265

• parameters 44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 120, 121, 122, 129, 133, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 149, 344, 359

• Peabody vocabulary test233

• phoneme awareness 224, 239, 245, 247, 267, 269

• phoneme deletion 230, 232, 257, 263

• phonics approach246

• pointing 80, 92, 132, 154, 172, 174, 179, 200, 311

• poor readers 224, 230

• post-predicate position 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96

• principles and parameters 120, 121, 122, 129, 133, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 344

• pro-drop languages 6, 6n 1, 153, 156

• prosodic transfer hypothesis 361, 370

• prosody 80, 85, 87, 97, 343

• Rapid automatized naming (RAN) 7, 224, 225, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240

• reading (see also word reading) 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 63, 125, 145, 170, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 299, 316, 321, 361, 363, 364, 372, 375, 391, 392, 403, 409, 410

• reading comprehension 15, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 246

• receptive vocabulary 231, 320, 331, 337

• referent 15, 100, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 207, 208, 213, 214, 216, 217, 329

• referent introduction 15, 193, 195, 202, 207, 217

• referential communication 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175

• referential forms 155, 159, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170

• referential sets 157, 158, 159, 170

• referentiality 172, 362, 386

• relative clauses 3, 4, 22, 24, 25, 99, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 111, 117, 157, 161, 162, 167, 172, 175, 296, 321

• replacement errors 260, 264, 265

• root infinitives (see also optional infinitives) 6, 21, 24

• rounding harmony 13, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 48, 53

• satellite-framed languages (S-languages) 178, 179, 186, 187

• scene-setting 15, 193, 194, 195, 200, 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217

• scope ambiguity124

• second language acquisition (see also L2 acquisition) 2, 10, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 148, 149, 188, 218, 269, 386, 389

• segmenting 244, 249, 250, 251, 253, 258, 259, 260, 265

• Semantic Subset Principle 14, 119, 121, 122, 129, 131, 132, 139, 141, 146

• sentence complexity 275, 278, 280, 285, 287, 288, 333

• shared reading 227, 229, 241

• shifting 329, 393

• sign language 15, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 212, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220

• simultaneous bilingualism9

• sociocultural factors 15, 223, 229

• SES 223, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 389, 390, 392, 391, 393, 396, 397

• Spanish 6, 6n 1, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 97, 156, 174, 179, 181, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 224, 262, 268, 290, 292, 294, 299, 319, 367, 391, 392, 408, 410, 411

• spatial cognition177

• specificity 12, 21, 185, 188, 217, 240, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 369, 371, 372n 3, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384n 6, 385, 386, 409

• spelling 8, 19, 225, 233, 236, 241, 245, 246, 268, 270

• subject-drop108

• substitution errors 12, 343, 366, 367, 368, 380, 381, 384n 6

• subtractive bilingualism 390, 391, 411

• syllable awareness245

• syntax-before-pragmatics argument 79, 80, 84, 87

• tense-aspect 2, 3, 18, 301, 308, 309, 339, 352, 356

• topic 2, 8, 14, 31, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 157, 158, 159, 170, 172, 173, 208, 217, 327, 342

• TOWRE 249, 250, 251, 270

• transparent orthography 8, 15, 23, 224, 229, 231, 236, 237, 238, 240

• Turkish Sign Language 193, 195, 218, 220

• type-to-token ratio (TTR) see Herdan’s Log TTR

• variation sets 5, 63, 158, 186

• verbal inflection 11, 357

• visual-spatial language215

• vowel harmony (see also harmonization, harmony, backness harmony and rounding harmony) 6, 7, 13, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 41, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56

• word decoding 227, 232, 233, 234, 250

• word order 2, 3, 5, 14, 20, 22, 25, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 108, 115, 116, 117, 149, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 173, 187, 320, 324, 326, 334, 359, 362, 385

• word reading 241, 243, 244, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270

• word recognition 16, 20, 23, 26, 118, 224, 230, 239, 243, 245, 253, 262, 266, 268

• word segmentation 6, 7, 13, 21, 32, 53, 55, 56

• working memory 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 393