Thematic Cluster
The interpreter as a citizen diplomat
Interpreters’ role in a grassroots movement to end the Cold War
The article presents a case of interpretation as a political activity during the Cold War. In the 1980s and 1990s,
a grassroots citizen diplomacy movement was initiated by the Californian Esalen Institute, the center of the American Human
Potential Movement. In and around its Soviet-American exchange program, numerous individuals, NGOs and organizations established
personal relationships and professional exchange with citizens of the two super powers and travelled in both directions.
Interpreters had a complex and crucial role in this exchange which was different from both the professional experience of
conference and of communal interpreting.
Article outline
- Introduction
- The Productivity Enhancement Program (PEP–1996–2008)
- The Space Bridges
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Correction
-
References
References (31)
Bahadır, Şebnem
2004 “
Moving in-between: The [community] interpreter as intercultural negotiator.” In
Topographies of Globalisation: Politics, Culture, Language, ed. by
Valur Ingimundarson et al., 255–266. Reykjavík: University of Iceland.
Bahadır, Şebnem
2011 “
Interpreting enactments: A new path for interpreting pedagogy.” In
Modelling the Field of Community Interpreting. Questions of Methodology in Research and Training, ed. by
Claudia Kainz,
Erich Prunč and
Rafael Schögler, 177–210. Münster-Wien-London: LIT.
Baker, Mona
1997 “
Non-cognitive constraints and interpreter strategies in political interviews.” In
Translating Sensitive Texts, ed. by
Karl Simms, 111–130. Amsterdam: Brill.
Baker, Mona
2006 Translation and Conflict. A Narrative Account. London: Routledge.
Baker, Mona
2010 “
Translation and activism. Emerging patterns of narrative community.” In
Translation, Resistance, and Activism, ed. by
Maria Tymoczko, 23–41. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Carlson, Don, and Comstock Craig
1986 Citizen Summitry. Keeping The Peace When It Matters Too Much To Be Left To Politicians. New York: J.P. Tarcher.
Cronin, Michael
2003 Translation and Globalization. Dublin: Routledge.
Cronin, Michael
2002 “
The empire talks back: Orality, heteronomy, and the cultural turn in interpretation studies.” In
Translation and Power, ed. by
Maria Tymoczko and
Edwin Gentzler, 45–63. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Davidson, William D., and Joseph V. Montville
1981–1982 “
Foreign policy according to Freud.”
Foreign Policy 451 (Winter 1981/1982): 145–157.
Etkind, Alexander
1997 Eros of the Impossible. The History of Psychoanalysis in Russia. Westview.
Evangelista, Matthew
1999 Unarmed Forces. The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War. London: Cornell University Press.
Gaiba, Francesca
1998 The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation. The Nuremberg Trial. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
Gentzler, Edwin
2002 “
Translation, Poststructuralism, and Power.” In
Translation and Power, ed. by
Maria Tymoczko and
Edwin Gentzler, 195–218. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Goldman, Marion
2012 The American Soul Rush: Esalen and the Rise of Spiritual Privilege. New York: New York University Press.
Hickman, James L. and Garrison, James A.
1980 Psychological Principles of Citizen Diplomacy. unpublished manuscript. Esalen-Archive.
Kucharev, Anya
(ed) 1987–88 Information Moscow. Western Edition. San Francisco, CA: U.S. Information Moscow Publisher.
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.
2015 Collaborative and volunteer translation and interpreting. In
Researching Translation and Interpreting, ed. by
Claudia V. Angelelli and
Brian James Baer, 58–70. London: Routledge.
Keen, Sam
1988 Faces of the Enemy. Reflections of the Hostile Imagination. The Psychology of Enmity. Harper Row.
Korchagin, Pavel and Skvortsov, Sergei
2007 V SSSR seks byl!!! Kak my stroili telemosty. Moscow: Infomedia Publishers.
Kripal, Jeffrey
2007 Esalen. America and the Religion of No Religion. London: University of Chicago Press.
Mikkelson, Holly
2014 “
Evolution of public service interpreter training in the U.S.” In
FITISPos International Journal. Public Service Interpreting and Translation 1(1): 9–18.
Prunč, Erich
2011 “
Differenzierungs- und Leistungsparameter im Konferenz- und Kommunaldolmetschen.” In
Modelling the Field of Community Interpreting. Questions of Methodology in Research and Training, ed. By
Claudia Kainz,
Erich Prunč, and
Rafael Schlögler, 21–44. Berlin: LIT-Verlag.
Prunč, Erich
2007 Entwicklungslinien der Translationswissenschaft. Von den Asymmetrien der Sprachen zu den Asymmetrien der Macht. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
Risch, Julia
2012 Russen und Amis im Gespräch. Die sowjetisch-amerikanische Telebrücke (1982–1989). Ein vergessener Beitrag zur Beendigung des Kalten Krieges. Berlin: Saxa.
Tennison, Sharon
2012 The Power of Impossible Ideas. Ordinary Citizens’ Extraordinary Efforts to Avert International Crises. Temple, TX: Odenwald Press.
Tymocyko, Maria
(ed) 2010 Translation, Resistance, Activism. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Tymoczko, Maria
2007 Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translation. Amsterdam: St. Jerome.
Venuti, Lawrence
1995 The Translator’s Invisibility. A History of Translation. London: Routledge.
Warner, Gale, and Michael Shuman
1987 Citizen Diplomats. Pathfinders in Soviet-American Relations and How You Can Join Them. New York: Continuum.
Yurchak, Alexei
2006 Everything Was Forever Until It Was No More. Princeton University Press.
Cited by (1)
Cited by 1 other publications
Kunreuther, Laura & Sonya Rao
2023.
The Invisible Labor and Ethics of Interpreting.
Annual Review of Anthropology 52:1
► pp. 239 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.