Communication in child language brokering
Role expectation and role performance
Child Language Brokering (CLB) refers to the mediation and translation activities performed by bi/multilingual
children and adolescents for their peers, family members, and/or other people belonging to their linguistic community who may not
be proficient enough to communicate in the societal language. Since child language brokers engage in interpreted communicative
events and implement communicative strategies, one interesting but also controversial area of CLB is the communicative role
children play and the expectations of other parties about that role. In this paper we examine frequent communication strategies
implemented by a child language broker and study if/how they meet the other parties’ expectations. Specifically, two child
language brokering strategies are examined: replacement of a monolingual interlocutor and summarizing of the monolingual
interlocutors’ statements. We also discuss child language brokers’ roles and their alignment with adults’ expectations, an
innovative focus that merits deeper discussion.
Article outline
- Introduction
- An interdisciplinary theoretical framework: From Grice’s maxims of communication to childhood studies
- Review of relevant literature
- Fluidity of CLBs’ roles: Spotlight on their communicative role
- Adults’ expectations about CLB
- The study
- Ethical considerations over collecting data with minors
- The site
- Contextualized information on role expectations and role materialization
- The participants
- Data transcription and coding
- Data analysis
- Contextual information
- Replacing the monolingual interlocutor: When Liling replaces Hu
- Replacing the monolingual interlocutor: When Liling replaces Anna
- Summarizing the monolingual interlocutor’s turn
- Discussion
- Conclusion, implications, limitations and call for further research
- Notes
-
References
References (73)
References
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2000. “Interpreting as a communicative
event: A look through Hymes’
lenses.” Meta 45(4): 580–592.
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2010. “A glimpse into the
socialization of bilingual youngsters as interpreters: The case of Latino bilinguals brokering communication for their
families and immediate communities.” MonTI Monografías de Traducción e
Interpretación 21: 81–96.
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2016. “Looking back: A study of
(ad-hoc) family interpreters.” European Journal Applied
Linguistics 4(1): 5–31.
Angelelli, Claudia V., Kerry Enright, and Guadalupe Valdés. 2002. “Developing
the talents and abilities of linguistically gifted bilingual students: Guidelines for developing curriculum at the high school
level.” The National Research Centre on the Gifted and
Talented, 1–95.
Baraldi, Claudio. 2014. “Children’s
participation in communication systems: A theoretical perspective to shape
research.” In Soul of Society: A Focus on the Lives of Children and
Youth, ed. by Mary N. Warehime, 63–92. Bingley: Emerald.
Baraldi, Claudio, and Vittorio Iervese. 2014. “Observing
children’s capabilities as agency.” In Children’s Rights and the
Capability Approach. Challenges and Prospects, ed. by Daniel Stoecklin, and Jean M. Bonvin, 43–65. Dodrecht: Springer.
Ceccoli, Federica. 2019. “Parents’
and children’s perspectives on child language brokering: A comparative
approach.” In Translating for Children Beyond Stereotypes. Traduire
pour la jeunesse au-delà des stereotypes, ed. by Adele D’Arcangelo, Chiara Elefante, and Valeria Illuminati, 189–206. Bologna: Bolonia University Press.
Ceccoli, Federica. 2020. “Child
language brokering: How migrant children play an active role and maximize their human
factor.” In El factor humano en traducción e interpretación en lo
servicios públicos (TISP). Investigación y testimonios de la primavera 2020, ed.
by Carmen Valero Garcés, 95–104. Alcalà de Henares: Editorial Universidad de Alcalá.
Ceccoli, Federica. 2021. “Reconstructing
the experiences of child language brokering: a focus on the socio-emotional impact of the
practice.” The
Translator 27(2): 216–232.
Ceccoli, Federica. 2022. Migrant
Children on Stage: Their Role as Bilingual
Brokers. Bologna: Bologna University Press.
Chao, Ruth K. 2006. “The prevalence and consequences
of adolescents’ language brokering for their immigrant
parents.” In Acculturation and Parent-Child Relationships:
Measurement and Development, ed. by Mark H. Bornstein and Linda R. Cote, 271–296. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cirillo, Letizia. 2014. “La
mediazione linguistico-culturale ad opera di bambini e adolescenti: lo sguardo degli operatori sanitari della provincia di
Forlì-Cesena.” In La mediazione linguistica e culturale non
professionale in Italia, ed. by Rachele Antonini, 117–132. Bologna: Bologna University Press (BUP).
Cirillo, Letizia, Ira Torresi, and Cecilia Valentini. 2010. “Institutional
perceptions of child language brokering in Emilia
Romagna.” MediAzioni 101: 269–296.
Cline, Tony, Sarah Crafter, Guida de Abreu, and Lindsay O’Dell. 2011. “Young
people’s representations of language brokering.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural
Development 32(3): 207–220.
Cline, Tony, Sarah Crafter, and Evangelia Prokopiou. 2014. Child
Language Brokering in Schools: Final Research
Report. London: Nuffield Foundation.
Cohen, Suzanne L., Jo Moran-Ellis, and Chris Smaje. 1999. “Children
as informal interpreters in GP consultations: Pragmatics and ideology.” Sociology of Health and
Illness 21(2): 163–186.
Corona, Rosalie, et al. 2012. “A
qualitative analysis of what Latino parents and adolescents think and feel about language
brokering.” Journal of Child and Family
Studies 21(5): 788–798.
Dorner, Lisa M., Marjorie F. Orellana, and Christine P. Li-Grining. 2007. “I
helped my mom, and it helped me: Translating the skills of language brokers into improved standardized test
scores.” American Journal of
Education 113(3): 451–478.
Dorner, Lisa M., Marjorie F. Orellana, and Rosa Jiménez. 2008. “It’s
one of those things that you do to help the family: Language brokering and the development of immigrant
adolescents.” Journal of Adolescent
Research 23(5): 515–543.
Ehninger, Douglas. 1977. “On
Inferences of the fourth class.” Central States Speech
Journal 28(3): 157–162.
Eksner, Julia H., and Marjorie F. Orellana. 2012. “Shifting
in the zone: Latina/o child language brokersand the co-construction of
knowledge.” Ethos 40(2): 196–220.
Evrin, Feyza, and Bernd Meyer, eds. 2016. “Non-professional
interpreting and translation: translational cultures in focus.” Special issue
of European Journal of Applied
Linguistics 4(1): 1–4.
Free, Caroline J., Judith M. Green, Vanita Bhavnani, and Tony Newman. 2003. “Bilingual
young people’s experiences of interpreting in primary care: A qualitative study.” British
Journal of General
Practice 53(492): 530–535.
García-Sánchez, Inmaculada M. 2010. “(Re)shaping practices in
translation: How Moroccan immigrant children and families navigate continuity and
change.” mediAzioni 101: 182–214.
Grice, H. Paul. 1975. “Logic and
conversation.” In Syntax and Semantics, Speech
Acts, ed. by Peter Cole, and Jerry L. Morgan, 41–58. New York: Academic Press.
Guske, Iris. 2008. “Language-brokering
children and adolescents – Convenient “tool” in public service interpreting?” Paper presented
at the Study Day on Child Language
Brokering (Forlì, 6th November
2008).
Harris, Brian, and Bianca Sherwood. 1978. “Translating
as an innate skill.” In Language interpretation and
communication, ed. by David Gerver, and H. Wallace Sinaiko, 141–162. New York: Plenum Press.
James, Allison, and Adrian James. 2008. Key
Concepts in Childhood
Studies. London: SAGE.
Jefferson, Gail. 1974. “Error
correction as an interactional resource.” Language in
Society 3(2): 181–199.
Jones, Curtis John, and Edison J. Trickett. 2005. “Immigrant
adolescents behaving as culture brokers: A study of families from the former Soviet Union.” The
Journal of Social
Psychology 145(4): 405–27.
Kam, Jennifer A., Lisa M. Guntzviller, and Cynthia Stohl. 2017. “New
approaches to studying language brokering from a communication
perspective.” In Language Brokering in Immigrant
Families, ed. by Robert S. Weisskirch, 26–46. New York: Routledge.
Kam, Jennifer, and Vanja Lazarevic. 2014. “Communicating
for one’s family: An interdisciplinary review of language and cultural brokering in immigrant
families.” Annals of the International Communication
Association 38(1): 3–37.
Kim, Su Yeong, et al. 2014. “Measurement
equivalence of the language-brokering scale for Chinese American adolescents and their
parents.” Journal of Family
Psychology 281: 180–192.
Kim, Su Yeong, et al. 2018. “Profiles of
language brokering experiences and contextual stressors: Implications for adolescent outcomes in Mexican immigrant
families.” Journal of Youth and
Adolescence 47(8): 1629–1648.
Love, Julia A., and Raymond Buriel. 2007. “Language
brokering, autonomy, parent-child bonding, biculturalism, and depression: A study of Mexican American adolescents from
immigrant families.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral
Sciences 29(4): 472–491.
Mayall, Berry. 2000. “The
sociology of childhood in relation to children’s rights.” The International Journal of
Children’s
Rights 8(3): 243–259.
Martinez, Charles R. 2006. “Effects of differential family
acculturation on Latino adolescent substance use.” Family
Relations 55(3): 306–317.
Martinez, Charles R., Heather H. McClure, and J. Mark Eddy. 2009. “Language
brokering contexts and behavioural and emotional adjustment among Latino parents and
adolescents.” The Journal of Early
Adolescence 29(1): 71–98.
Morales, Alejandro, and William E. Hanson. 2005. “Language
brokering: An integrative review of the literature.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioural
Sciences 27(4): 471–503.
Morrow, Virginia. 1996. “Rethinking
childhood dependency: Children’s contributions to the domestic economy.” The Sociological
Review 44(1): 58–77.
Napier, Jemina. 2021. Sign
Language Brokering in Deaf-Hearing
Families. London: Palgrave.
Orellana, Marjorie F. 2003. “Responsibilities of children in
Latino immigrant homes.” New Directions for Youth
Development 1001: 25–39.
Orellana, Marjorie F. 2009. Translating childhoods: Immigrant
youth, language, and culture. New York: Rutgers University Press.
Orellana, Marjorie F., Lisa Dorner, and Lucila Pulido. 2003. “Accessing
assets: Immigrant youth’s work as family translators or ‘para-phrasers’.” Social
Problems 50(4): 505–524.
Orellana, Marjorie F., Danny C. Martínez, Clifford H. Lee, and Elizabeth Montaño. 2012. “Language
as a tool in diverse forms of learning.” Linguistics and
Education 23(4): 373–387.
Peris, Tara S., et al. 2008. “Marital
conflict and support seeking by parents in adolescence: Empirical support for the parentification
construct.” Journal of Family
Psychology 22(4): 633–642.
Perry, Kristen H. 2009. “Genres, contexts, and literacy
practices: literacy brokering among Sudanese refugee families.” Reading Research
Quarterly 44(3): 256–76.
Perry, Kristen H. 2014. “‘Mama, sign this note’: young
refugee children’s brokering of literacy practices.” Language
Arts 91(5): 313–25.
Pugliese, Rosa. 2017. “Tradurre
per la compagna di banco: child language brokering e interazioni costruttive nella classe
plurilingue.” Educazione linguistica in classi multietniche, Atti dei workshop di Udine e Malta
(2014): 63 – 86. Roma: Aracne.
Qvortrup, Jens. 1994. “Childhood
matters: An introduction.” In Childhood Matters: Social Theory,
Practice and Politics, ed. by Jens Qvortrup, Marjatta Bardy, Giovanni Sgritta, and Helmut Wintersberger, 1–24. Avebury Press: Aldershot.
Reynolds, Jennifer F., and Marjorie F. Orellana. 2009. “New
immigrant youth interpreting in white public space.” American
Anthropologist 111(2): 211–23.
Reynolds, Jennifer F., and Marjorie F. Orellana. 2014. “Translanguaging
within enactments of quotidian interpreter-mediated interactions.” Journal of Linguistic
Anthropology 24(3): 315–38.
Rossato, Linda. 2014. “Gli
insegnanti e la mediazione linguistica nelle scuole italiane: tra interazione e
integrazione.” In La mediazione linguistica e culturale non
professionale in Italia, ed. by Rachele Antonini, 33–54. Bologna: Bologna University Press (BUP).
Rossato, Linda. 2019. “‘I
skipped unnecessary details and got straight to the point!’: Adolescents and Young Adults on their Child Language Brokering
Experiences.” mediAzioni 241.
Tomasi, Ana-Marija, and Renu Narchal. 2020. “Experiences
and psychological well-being of language brokers in Australia: A mixed methods
approach.” Australian
Psychologist 55(4): 397–409.
Trickett, Edison J., and Curtis John Jones. 2007. “Adolescent
culture brokering and family functioning: A study of families from Vietnam.” Cultural Diversity
and Ethnic Minority
Psychology 13(2): 143–50.
UNCRC. 1989. United Nation Convention on
the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from [URL] (last
viewed September
2021).
Valdés, Guadalupe, Christina Chávez, and Claudia V. Angelelli. 2000. “Bilingualism
from another perspective: The case of young interpreters from immigrant
communities.” In Research on Spanish in the United States. Linguistic
Issues and Challenges, ed. by Ana Roca, 42–81. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
Valdés, Guadalupe. 2003. Expanding
definitions of giftedness: The case of young interpreters from immigrant communities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Valdés, Guadalupe, et al. 2003. “A
performance team: Young interpreters and their parents.” In Expanding
Definitions of Giftedness. The Case of Young Interpreters from Immigrant Communities, ed.
by Guadalupe Valdés, 63–98. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Valenzuela, Abel. 1999. “Gender
role and settlement activities among children and their immigrant families.” American
Behavioral
Scientist 42(4): 720–742.
Wadensjö, Cecilia. 1998. Interpreting
as
Interaction. London: Longman.
Weisskirch, Robert S. 2006. “Emotional aspects of language
brokering among Mexican-American adults.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral
Sciences 281: 332–343.
Weisskirch, Robert S. 2007. “Feelings about language
brokering and family relations among Mexican American early adolescents.” The Journal of Early
Adolescence 27(4): 545–61.
Weisskirch, Robert S. 2013. “Family relationships,
self-esteem, and self-efficacy among language brokering Mexican American emerging
adults.” Journal of Child and Family
Studies 22(8): 1147–1155.
Weisskirch, Robert S., ed. 2017. Language
Brokering in Immigrant Families. New York: Routledge.
Weisskirch, Robert S., and Sylvia A. Alva. 2002. “Language
brokering and the acculturation of Latino children.” Hispanic Journal of Behavioral
Sciences 24(3): 369–78.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
van Doorslaer, Luc & Jack McMartin
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.