In the current climate where the legitimacy of Western-based international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is increasingly put under pressure, some NGOs have started to change their approach to translation, often as a consequence of structural changes within the organisation. This article focuses on the translation challenges of one such organisation, namely Amnesty International, and how it has aimed to deal with these. Drawing on ethnographic data, it describes the mission of Amnesty’s Language Resource Centre, which aims to support translation at Amnesty into a variety of languages. The article reveals some of the tensions between the use of professional translators, particularly for languages such as French, Spanish and Arabic, and the continued reliance of smaller Amnesty offices on volunteer translators. It demonstrates that despite the trend towards professionalisation, volunteer translation continues to represent a significant portion of Amnesty’s translation work.
2012Time to Listen: Hearing People on the Receiving End of International Aid. Cambridge, Massachusetts: CDA Collaborative Learning Projects.
Baker, Mona
2006 “Translation and Activism Emerging Patterns of Narrative Community.” The Massachusetts Review 47 (III): 462–84.
Baker, Mona
2009 “Resisting State Terror: Theorizing Communities of Activist Translators and Interpreters.” in Globalization, Political Violence and Translation, edited by Esperanza Bielsa and Christopher W. Hughes, 222–42. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Boéri, Julie, and Carol Maier
eds.2010Compromiso Social Y Traducción/Interpretación / Translation/Interpreting and Social Activism. Granada: ECOS.
Bond
2015 “Tomorrow’s World: How Might Megatrends in Development Affect the Future Roles of UK-Based INGOs?” London. [URL].
Cao, Deborah, and Xingmin Zhao
2008 “Translation at the United Nations as Specialized Translation.” Journal of Specialised Translation 91: 39–54.
Castells, Manuel
2000The Rise of the Network Society. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Volume 11. 2nd ed. Malden. Oxford: Blackwell.
Combeaud Bonallack, Patricia, Lucio Bagnulo, and Julián Liaño Moral
2014 “Amnesty International Language Resource Centre (LRC) as a source of opportunities for research on translation and interpretation”. Paper presented at
Translation Research for Industry and Governance
(TRIG), Brussels, 11 December 2014.
Crack, Angela Maria
2013 “Language, Listening and Learning: Critically Reflective Accountability for INGOs.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 79 (4): 809–28.
Dam, Helle V., and Kaisa Koskinen
2016 “The Translation Profession: Centres and Peripheries Introduction.” Journal of Specialised Translation 251: 2–14. [URL].
2014NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
Edwards, Michael, and David Hulme
1996 “Too Close for Comfort? The Impact of Official Aid on Nongovernmental Organizations.” World Development 24 (6): 961–73.
Flanagan, Marian
2016 “Cause for Concern? Attitudes towards Translation Crowdsourcing in Professional Translators’ Blogs.” The Journal of Specialised Translation 25 (25): 149–73. [URL].
Gambier, Yves
2007 “Réseaux de Traducteurs/interprètes Bénévoles.” Meta: Journal Des Traducteurs 52 (4): 658–72.
Hursti, Kristian
2000 “An Insider’s View on Transformation and Transfer in International News Communication: An English-Finnish Perspective.” Helsinki English Studies 11: 1–7. [URL].
Koskinen, Kaisa
2008Translating Institutions: An Ethnographic Study of EU Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Lang, Sabine
2014NGOs, Civil Society, and the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marking, Marion
2016 “Words Are Our Peaceful Weapons, Says Amnesty’s Head of Translation”, Slator19September. [URL].
Martens, Kerstin
2006 “NGOs in the United Nations System: Evaluating Theoretical Approaches.” Journal of International Development 181: 691–700.
O’Brien, Sharon, and Reinhard Schäler
2010 “Next Generation Translation and Localization : Users Are Taking Charge.” Proceedings of Translating and the Computer 32. [URL].
Otto, Dianne
1996 “Nongovernmental Organizations in the United Nations System: The Emerging Role of International Civil Society.” Human Rights Quarterly 18 (1): 107–41.
Pym, Anthony
2008 “Translation vs. Language Learning in International Institutions: Explaining the Diversity Paradox.” Cultus: The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication 1 (1): 70–83.
Rubenstein, Jennifer
2015Between Samaritans and States: The Political Ethics of Humanitarian INGOs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schäffner, Christina
2001 “Translation and the EU: Conditions and Consequences.” Perspectives 9 (4): 247–61.
Shetty, Salil
2016 “Globalising Amnesty International.” Disrupt and Innovate23February. [URL].
Staggenborg, Suzanne
1988 “The Consequences of Professionalisation and Formalization in the Pro-Choice Movement.” American Sociological Review 53 (4): 585–605.
Tesseur, Wine
2014a “Transformation through Translation: Translation Policies at Amnesty International.” PhD thesis, Aston University.
Tesseur, Wine
2014b “Institutional Multilingualism in NGOs: Amnesty International’s Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism.” Meta: Journal Des Traducteurs 59 (3): 557–77.
Tosi, Arturo
ed.2003Crossing Barriers and Bridging Cultures: The Challenges of Multilingual Translation for the European Union. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Union of International Associations
ed.2014Yearbook of International Organizations 2014–2015. Volume 5: Statistics, Visualizations and Patterns. Leiden and Boston: Brill and Martinus Nijhoff.
Utiyama, Masao, Takeshi Abekawa, Eiichiro Sumita, and Kyo Kageura
2010 “Helping Volunteer Translators, Fostering Language Resources.” in Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on “Collaboratively Constructed Semantic Resources,” 63–66. [URL].
Van Hout, Tom
2010 “Writing from Sources: Ethnographic Insights into Business News Production.” PhD thesis, Ghent University.
Van Remoortere, Rebecca
2016 “Amnesty Verlaat Antwerpen: Kerkstraat Vlaamse Afdeling van Mensenrechtenorganisatie Verhuist Na 43 Jaar Naar Brussel.” Gazet van Antwerpen, Metropool Stad 19February. [URL].
2020. Non-professional translation in an Irish business setting: Considerations for global theory and national policy. Translation Studies 13:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Sayaheen, Bilal & Ibrahim Darwish
2023. Localising INGOs websites into Arabic: A case study of IFRC. Lebende Sprachen 68:1 ► pp. 96 ff.
2021. The role of registerial expertise in translators’ logical choices: A case study of the Chinese medicine classic Huang Di Nei Jing. Meta: Journal des traducteurs 66:3 ► pp. 690 ff.
Zanettin, Federico
2021. News Media Translation,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 15 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.