Article published in:
Finiteness and NominalizationEdited by Claudine Chamoreau and Zarina Estrada-Fernández
[Typological Studies in Language 113] 2016
► pp. 271–296
Nominalization and re-finitization
T. Givón | University of Oregon
and
White Cloud Ranch
Ignacio, Colorado
The mechanisms via which subordinate clauses arise are relatively well explored, involving two major diachronic pathways (Givón 2009): first, via clause-chaining constructions, as in many Niger-Congo, Papua-New Guinea, Southeast Asian, Athabaskan, or Southern Arawak languages; and second, via nominalization, as in Turkic, Bodic/Tibetan, Cariban, or Northern Uto-Aztecan languages. In many of the latter, erstwhile nominalized subordinate clauses later undergo re-finitization, and the question then arises: by what diachronic mechanism do nominalized clauses eventually revert to finite structure? I have suggested earlier (Givón 2000) that in Ute (Northern Uto-Aztecan), the mechanism may involve the gradual re-acquisition of finite-features such as tense-aspect, but the details of this proposal were never documented. Three other mechanisms seem to suggest themselves. First, in some Bodic/Tibetan languages (Watters 1998) a new generation of finite subordinate clauses emerges, co-exists with, and slowly supplants the older nominalized clauses. Second, in Cariban, Northern Uto-Aztecan, Indo-European, Bantu and many other languages, subordinate clauses, in particular V-complements, are de-subordinated through tense-aspect genesis and other grammaticalization processes, and their nominalized structure then becomes the new finite mainclause standard (Evans 2007, Gildea, 1998, Givón 1971). Finally, in some Northern Uto-Aztecan languages (Guarijio, Tarahumara), the re-finitization mechanism seem to involve a slow elimination of nominalized features, such as e.g. genitive subjects, or re-interpretation of their function. This paper lays the background for a more fine-grained investigation of the diachrony of re-finitization.
Keywords: de-subordination, diachrony, nominalization, re-finitization
Published online: 23 June 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.113.11giv
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.113.11giv
References
References
Austin, Peter
Bommelyn, Loren & Givón, T.
Evans, Nicholas
Gildea, Spike
Givón, T.
Givón, T. & Bommelyn, Loren
Haiman, John
Hopper, Paul & Thompson, Sandra
Hyslop, Gwendolyn
2011 A Grammar of Kurtöp. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon.
Mithun, Marianne
Osam, Emmanuel Kweku
1994 Aspects of Akan Grammar. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Heine, Bernd
Watters, David
1998 The Kham Language of West-Central Nepal (Takale Dialect). PhD dissertation, University of Oregon.