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Part of
Linguistic Categories, Language Description and Linguistic Typology
Edited by Luca Alfieri, Giorgio Francesco Arcodia and Paolo Ramat
[Typological Studies in Language 132] 2021
► pp. 313–366

Chapter 9
Parts of speech, comparative concepts and Indo-European linguistics

| University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi

The paper adopts and further elaborates on the distinction between comparative concepts (CC) and descriptive categories (DC) by proposing a partly new definition of the parts of speech (PoS), and uses that definition to provide a new analysis of PoS in Latin and RV Sanskrit. More, specifically, the paper shows that in Latin three major classes of morphemes are found (nouns, adjectives and verbs), whereas in the RV only two major classes are found (verbal roots and nouns) and the typical “adjective” is a derived stem built on a verbal root meaning a quality (i.e. roughly a nominalization). The data described are then used to contribute to the CC debate in the field of PoS, by showing its relation with historical Indo-European linguistics, by critically analysing traditional labels such as noun, adjective, verb, root, stem and lexeme, and by questioning the alleged incommensurability between CCs and DCs.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The comparative concept debate in the field of the PoS
  • 3.The PoS in Latin and in Sanskrit: State of the art
    • 3.1The former (Western) classifications of Sanskrit
      • 3.1.1 Joshi (1967) and Bhat (1994, 2000)
      • 3.1.2Works following Dixon’s approach (2004)
  • 4.A relatively new PoS theory
    • 4.1PoS-concepts
    • 4.2PoS-constructions
    • 4.3PoS-lexemes
  • 5.The Latin PoS system
  • 6.The RV Sanskrit PoS system
  • 7.Discussion and conclusion
    • 7.1Historical IE linguistics
    • 7.2Linguistic terminology
    • 7.3Further research prospects
  • List of abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 9 July 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.132.09alf
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