From manner expression to attitudinal discourse marker

In this study, we distinguish between three major subtypes of the Dutch adverb anders in terms of the concepts of comparison and phoricity. The criteria of proportionality, clefting and the interaction with negation are applicable to [+comparative/+phoric] Type I anders but not to [-comparative/+phoric] Type II anders nor to [-comparative/-phoric] Type III anders. The criteria of accommodation and the interaction with conjunctions apply to type II but not to type III, which is characterized positively as an attitudinal discourse marker. Word-order differences further underpin the proposed tripartition. Finally, our synchronic analysis of Dutch anders is put in the broader perspective of grammaticalization theory and its underlying formal criteria are related to the standard (diachronic) parameters and principles of grammaticalization.