Hoe 'Gemeenschappelijk' Is het Gemeenschappelijk Europees Referentiekader?

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) is supposed to be applicable for all learners or users of second and foreign languages and to enhance the comparability of language qualifications. In this article, it is argued that, owing to a confusion of declarative knowledge and language proficiency, this framework does not enable language learners with a low level of previous education are not enabled to show progress in language proficiency. Furthermore it is argued that the open and flexible nature of the framework does not contribute to a higher degree of comparability of results of language learning.