This paper follows up on the recent claim that the strict separation between second-language varieties of English and learner Englishes is inadequate. It approaches this idea by combining theoretical considerations on the traditionally established differences between the two types of English with findings from case studies on English in Cyprus (cf. Buschfeld 2013) and English in Namibia (cf. Buschfeld & Kautzsch fc. 2014). The results suggest that both Englishes defy clear classification as either learner language or second-language variety and therefore show that the strict separation of these two types of English should be reconsidered. Finally, the paper discusses a range of theoretical implications these findings bring about and if / how Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model can account for such cases.
2002An Introduction to International Varieties of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Biewer, C
2011Modal auxiliaries in second language varieties of English: A learner’s perspective. In J. Mukherjee & M. Hundt (eds), 7–33.
Blommaert, J
2010The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Böhm, M.A
2003Deutsch in Afrika. Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in Afrika vor dem Hintergrund der bildungs- und sprachpolitischen Gegebenheiten sowie der deutschen Auswärtigen Kulturpolitik. [Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft 52]. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Bonnici, L.M
2010Variation in Maltese English: The Interplay of the Local and the Global in an Emerging Postcolonial Variety. PhD dissertation, University of California. [URL] (10 October 2013).
Bongartz, C.M. & Buschfeld, S
2011English in Cyprus: Second language variety or learner English? In J. Mukherjee & M. Hundt (eds), 35–54.
Bongartz, C.M. & Mukherjee, J
2009Introduction: Non-native Englishes on the agenda of English linguistics. Anglistik 20(2): 7–11.
Bruthiaux, P
2003Squaring the circles: Issues in modeling English worldwide. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(2): 159–178.
Buschfeld, S
2011The English Language in Cyprus: An Empirical Investigation of Variety Status. PhD dissertation, University of Cologne.
2010Error or feature? The issue of interlanguage and deviations in nonnative varieties of English. HKBU Papers in Applied Language Studies 14: 108–129.
Hundt, M. & Mukherjee, J
2011Introduction: Bridging a paradigm gap. In J. Mukherjee & M. Hundt (eds), 1–6.
Kachru, B.B
1985Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. InEnglish in the World. Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures, R. Quirk & H.G. Widdowson (eds), 11–30.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for The British Council.
Kachru, B.B.
(ed.)1992The Other Tongue. English across Cultures, 2nd edn. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press.
Kaikitis, L
1998Zypern und die Europäische Union. Erwartungen und Probleme einer eventuellen Vollmitgliedschaft Zyperns. Aachen: Alano Herodot.
Karádi, M.Z. & Lutz, D.S
1998Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. In Südosteuropa-Handbuch. Band VIII: Zypern
, K.-D. Grothusen, W. Steffani & P. Zervakis (eds), 126–154. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Karyolemou, M
2005From linguistic liberalism to legal regulation: The Greek language in Cyprus. In Contemporary Sociolinguistic Issues in Cyprus, A.N. Papapavlou (ed.), 27–50. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press.
Kirkpatrick, A
2008English as the official working language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Features and strategies. English Today 94 24(2): 27–34.
Lowenberg, P.H
1986Non-native varieties of English: Nativization, norms, and implications. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 8(1): 1–18.
McArthur, T
1987The English languages?English Today 11 3(3): 9–11.
McArthur, T
2003World English, Euro English, Nordic English? English Today 73 19(1): 54–58.
McEntee-Atalianis, L.J. & Pouloukas, S
2001Issues of identity and power in a Greek-Cypriot community. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 22(1): 19–38.
Mesthrie, R. & Bhatt, R.M
2008World Englishes. The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Moag, R.F
1982English as a foreign, second, native, and basal language: A new taxonomy of English-using societies. In New Englishes, J. Pride (ed.), 11–50. Rowley MA: Newbury House.
Moag, R.F
1992The life cycle of non-native Englishes: A case study. In B.B. Kachru (ed.), 233–252.
2006The impact of British strategic interests on the Cyprus problem. In H. Faustmann & N. Peristianis (eds), 473–490.
Platt, J., Weber, H. & Ho, M.L
1984The New Englishes. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Poew, R
2007Der Beitritt Zyperns zur EU – Probleme des Völkerrechts, des Europarechts und des zypriotischen Rechts. Leitideen für die Entwicklung eines zukünftigen reorganisierten gesamtzypriotischen Staates. Hamburg: Lit Verlag.
Presse- und Informationsamt der Republik Zypern
1999Zypern. Nicosia.
Qiong, H.X
2004Why China English should stand alongside British, American, and the other ‘world Englishes’. English Today 78 20(2): 26–33.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J
1972A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman.
Richter, H.A
2006Benevolent autocracy 1931–1945. In H. Faustmann & N. Peristianis (eds), 133–149.
Schneider, E.W
2003The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language 79(2): 233–281.
Schneider, E.W
2007Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schwenger, C.P
1964Selbstbestimmung für Zypern: Die Prinzipien von Selbstbestimmung und Schutz der Nation in ihrem Einfluß auf die Entstehung der Republik Zypern. PhD dissertation, Julius-Maximilians-Universität zu Würzburg.
Selinker, L
1972Interlanguage. IRAL – International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 10(3): 209–231.
Special Eurobarometer
2006Europeans and their languages. [URL] (11 October 2013).
Sridhar, K.K. & Sridhar, S.N
1986Bridging the paradigm gap: Second language acquisition theory and indigenized varieties of English. World Englishes 5(1): 3–14.
Stals, E.L.P. & Ponis, F.A
2001Só het Afrikaans na Namibië gekom. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.
Stamatakis, N
1991History and nationalism: The cultural reconstruction of the modern Greek Cypriot identity. The Cyprus Review 3(1): 59–86.
Strang, B.M.H
1970A History of English. London: Methuen.
Strevens, P
1981Forms of English: An analysis of the variables. In English for Cross-Cultural Communication, L.E. Smith (ed.), 1–14. London: Macmillan.
Strevens, P
1992English as an international language: Directions in the 1990s. In B.B. Kachru (ed.), 27–47.
Szmrecsanyi, B. & Kortmann, B
2011Typological profiling: Learner Englishes versus indigenized L2 varieties of English. In J. Mukherjee & M. Hundt (eds), 167–187.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.