Overlap and divergence – aspects of the present perfect in World Englishes
This study provides an analysis of the Present Perfect (PrPf; have + V-en) in World Englishes. To this end, I extract occurrences of the PrPf from the International Corpus of English and annotate them manually for various factors (such as semantics, Aktionsart, temporal adverbials). I analyze the distributions of these factors and define a central PrPf context, while I also explore a multidimensional aggregative approach as a means to establish measures of similarity between the different varieties. In addition, I present a measure of PrPf-friendliness and examine alternative surface forms appearing in perfect contexts. Eventually I relate the findings to existing models of World Englishes, whose applicability I critically review in the light of the findings for the feature under investigation.
References (69)
Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 1997. Another piece of the puzzle: The emergence of the present perfect. Language Learning 47: 375–422.
Bauer, Gero. 1970. The English ‘Perfect’ reconsidered. Journal of Linguistics 6: 189–198.
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan & Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.
Biber, Douglas & Conrad, Susan. 2009. Register, Genre, and Style. Cambridge: CUP.
Bongartz, Christiane M. & Buschfeld, Sarah. 2011. English in Cyprus: Second language variety or learner English? In Exploring Second-Language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes: Bridging a Paradigm Gap [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 44], Joybrato Mukherjee & Marianne Hundt (eds), 35–54. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bowie, Jill & Aarts, Bas. 2012. Change in the English infinitival perfect construction. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds), 200–210. Oxford: OUP.
Bowie, Jill, Wallis, Sean & Aarts, Bas. 2013. The perfect in spoken British English. In The Verb Phrase in English: Investigating Recent Language Change with Corpora, Bas Aarts, Joanne Close, Geoffrey Leech & Sean Wallis (eds), 318–350. Cambridge: CUP.
Brinton, Laurel J. 1988. The Development of English Aspectual Systems: Aspectualizers and Post-Verbal Particles. Cambridge: CUP.
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge: CUP.
Davydova, Julia. 2011. The Present Perfect in Non-Native Englishes: A Corpus-Based Study of Variation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Elsness, Johann. 1997. The Perfect and the Preterite in Contemporary and Earlier English. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Elsness, Johann. 2009. The present perfect and the preterite. In One Language, Two Grammars? Differences between British and American English, Günther Rohdenburg & Julia Schlüter (eds), 228–245. Cambridge: CUP.
Filppula, Markku. 2004. Irish English: Morphology and syntax. In A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 2: Morphology & Syntax, Bernd Kortmann, Edgar W. Schneider, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie & Clive Upton (eds), 73–101. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Fuchs, Robert & Gut, Ulrike. 2016. Register variation in intensifier usage across Asian Englishes. In Discourse-Pragmatic Variation and Change in English: New Methods and Insights, Heike Pichler (ed.). Cambridge: CUP.
Huddleston, Rodney. 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP.
Hundt, Marianne. 2009. Global feature – local norms? A case study on the progressive passive. In Hoffmann & Siebers (eds), 287–308.
Hundt, Marianne & Biewer, Carolin. 2007. The dynamics of inner and outer circle varieties in the South Pacific and Asia. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, Marianne Hundt, Nadja Nesselhauf & Carolin Biewer (eds), 249–269. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Hundt, Marianne & Smith, Nicholas. 2009. The present perfect in British and American English: Has there been a change, recently? ICAME Journal 33: 45–63.
Huson, Daniel H. & Bryant, David. 2006. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(2): 254–267.
Kachru, Yamuna & Nelson, Cecil L. 2006. World Englishes in Asian Contexts. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Klein, Wolfgang & Vater, Heinz. 1998. The perfect in English and German. In Typology of Verbal Categories, Leonid I. Kulikov & Heinz Vater (eds), 215–235. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kortmann, Bernd & Lunkenheimer, Kerstin. (eds). 2013. The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. <[URL]> (16 September 2014).
Kortmann, Bernd & Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt. 2011. Parameters of morphosyntactic variation in World Englishes: Prospects and limitations of searching for universals. In Linguistic Universals and Language Variation, Peter Siemund (ed.), 264–290. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Kortmann, Bernd & Wolk, Christoph. 2012. Morphosyntactic variation in the anglophone world: A global perspective. In The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English, Bernd Kortmann & Kerstin Lunkenheimer (eds), 906–936. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Liszka, Sarah A. 2003. The Development of Tense and the Present Perfect in Second Language English. PhD dissertation, University of Essex.
Lunkenheimer, Kerstin. 2012. Tense and aspect. In Areal Features of the Anglophone World, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 329–353. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
McCoard, Robert W. 1978. The English Perfect: Tense-Choice and Pragmatic Inferences. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Miller, Jim. 2000. The perfect in spoken and written English. Transactions of the Philological Society 98(2): 323–352.
Mindt, Dieter. 2000. An Empirical Grammar of the English Verb System. Berlin: Cornelsen.
Modiano, Marko. 1999. Standard English(es) and educational practices for the world’s lingua franca. English Today 15(4): 3–13.
Mukherjee, Joybrato & Schilk, Marco. 2012. Exploring variation and change in New Englishes: Looking into the International Corpus of English (ICE) and beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds), 189–199. Oxford: OUP.
Nelson, Gerald. 1996. The design of the corpus. In Comparing English Worldwide: The International Corpus of English, Sidney Greenbaum (ed.), 27–35. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Portner, Paul. 2003. The (temporal) semantics and (modal) pragmatics of the perfect. Linguistics and Philosophy 26: 459–510.
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey & Svartvik, Jan. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman.
Sand, Andrea. 1999. Linguistic Variation in Jamaica: A Corpus-Based Study of Radio and Newspaper Usage. Tübingen: Narr.
Sand, Andrea. 2005. The effects of language contact on the morphosyntax of English. In Proceedings Anglistentag 2004 Aachen, Lilo Moessner & Christa M. Schmidt (eds), 449–460. Trier: WVT.
Schlüter, Norbert. 2002. Present Perfect: Eine korpuslinguistische Analyse des englischen Perfekts mit Vermittlungsvorschlägen für den Sprachunterricht. Tübingen: Narr.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge: CUP.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2012. Exploring the interface between World Englishes and second language acquisition – and implications for English as a lingua franca. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 1(1): 57–91.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2014. New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world Englishes. World Englishes 33(1): 9–32.
Schneider, Gerold. 2012. ‘Off with their heads’: Profiling TAM in ICE corpora. In Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes [Varieties of English around the World G43], Marianne Hundt & Ulrike Gut (eds.), 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Schreier, Daniel. 2010. The consequences of migration and colonialism, II: Overseas varieties. In Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation. Theories and Methods, Peter Auer & Jürgen E. Schmidt (eds), 451–467. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Schreier, Daniel. 2012. Varieties resistant to standardization. In Standards of English: Codified Varieties around the World, Raymond Hickey (ed.), 354–368. Cambridge: CUP.
Scott, Mike. 2011. WordSmith Tools. Liverpool: Lexical Analysis Software.
Suárez-Gómez, Cristina & Seoane, Elena. 2013. “They have published a new cultural policy that just come out”: Competing forms in spoken and written New Englishes. In English Corpus Linguistics: Variation in Time, Space and Genre, Kristin Bech & Gisle Andersen (eds), 163–182. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt & Wolk, Christoph. 2011. Holistic corpus-based dialectology. Brazilian Journal of Applied Linguistics 11(2): 561–592.
Vanneck, Gerard. 1958. The colloquial preterite in Modern American English. Word 14(2/3): 237–242.
Vendler, Zeno. 1957. Verbs and times. The Philosophical Review 66(2): 143–160.
Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Linguistics in Philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Weinrich, Harald. 2001. Tempus: Besprochene und erzählte Welt. München: Beck.
Werner, Valentin. 2014. The Present Perfect in World Englishes: Charting Unity and Diversity. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
Werner, Valentin. Forthcoming. The present perfect as a core feature of World Englishes. In Changing English: Global and Local Perspectives. Berlin.
Werner, Valentin, Seoane, Elena & Suárez-Gómez, Cristina. (eds). 2016. Re-assessing the Present Perfect [Topics in English Linguistics]. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Winford, Donald. 1993. Variability in the use of perfect have in Trinidadian English: A problem of categorical and semantic mismatch. Language Variation and Change 5: 141–187.
Wright, Susan. 1986. Tense, Aspect and Text: Processes of Grammaticalization in the History of the English Auxiliary. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.
Wynne, Terence. 2000. The Present Perfect: A Corpus-Based Investigation. PhD dissertation, University of Stirling.
Yao, Xinyue. 2014. The Present Perfect in English: Meaning, Interpretation, and Use. PhD dissertation, University of New South Wales.
Yao, Xinyue. & Collins, Peter. 2012. The present perfect in World Englishes. World Englishes 31(3): 386–403.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Hilpert, Martin
2022.
Review of Laporte, Samantha. 2021. Corpora, Constructions, New Englishes. A Constructional and Variationist Approach to Verb Patterning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN: 978-9-027-20850-7. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.100.
Research in Corpus Linguistics 10:2
► pp. 147 ff.
Buschfeld, Sarah, Alexander Kautzsch & Edgar W. Schneider
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 25 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.