Subject index

• Accommodation24, 30, 50, 180, 215, 314–315

• Acquisition planning58

• Activism111–117, 120–121, 136, 263, 268

• Allocation239, 250–251

• American empire281, 292, 298

• Asymmetric102, 215, 225, 321

• Ausbauization150

• Austerity policies12, 111

• Autonomy31, 83, 99, 174–175, 261, 280, 298, 311, 313, 315, 320–321, 324, 340, 351

• Bologna declaration276

• Bridge speakers325

• Calvet Language Barometer (CLB)12, 145–163

• Cities65–66, 85, 103–104, 113–114, 117, 119, 121–124, 134–135

• Civil society80–83, 85, 92, 115–116, 160, 283, 309

• Code-mixing111, 117, 121, 123, 130, 214, 223–224, 229, 233

• Code-switching117, 178, 187, 223–224, 229, 233, 236

• Collective action12, 111–112, 114, 120, 127, 136, 324, 350

• Commodification13, 202, 247–249, 252, 260–263, 267–269

• Communicative injustice170, 172–173, 181, 183–184

• Complex diversity1, 3, 103, 105–106, 114, 229; see also Deep diversity

• Critical sociolinguistics, 260262, 267

• De-culturalisation187–188, 190, 193, 196

• Deep diversity254; see also Complex diversity

• Demonstration116–118, 121, 123–124, 256; see also Protest

• Devolution68

• Diglossia101–102, 104, 107, 231, 316

• Dignity12, 91, 96, 99–100, 102, 106, 129, 167, 170, 175–176, 188–196, 199, 263

• Discourse6, 8–9, 13, 39, 53, 59, 61–62, 78, 90, 146, 179, 213, 230, 235, 247–248, 253, 260, 262–263, 266–267, 277–278, 283, 285, 294, 322, 326

• Distribution4, 9, 52, 207, 212, 250–251, 324, 326, 348

• Domination180, 188, 239, 249, 267, 308, 315, 318–321, 323–324, 326, 328

• Efficiency45, 90, 146, 181, 183, 250–252, 294, 296, 310, 324, 326

• EGIDS150

• English see Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca or Lingua Franca English or Virtual English

• English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)4, 12–13, 146, 167, 169–170, 176, 180, 192, 196, 201, 212–213, 216–217, 224, 232–233, 238, 247–248, 263–267, 269, 285, 306, 315, 319–322, 326; see also

• Englishes169–170, 178–179, 188, 192, 194, 211–213, 285–286, 306, 323

• English-medium instruction201–202

• English as a native language (ENL)167, 169–170, 177–178, 180–191, 195–197

• Esperanto151–152, 154, 173, 181, 210, 216, 306, 316

• European Court of Justice116, 275, 288, 336, 349

• European integration105, 112–113, 115, 142, 275, 277, 286–287, 289, 296, 333–335, 344, 350

• Europeanisation3, 12, 104–106, 111–112, 114–116, 120, 236, 281

• Eurozone12, 111–113, 119, 122, 124

• Fairness37, 146, 250, 252, 305–306, 308, 313–314, 316, 327

• Federalism20, 24–28, 31, 33–34, 41, 43

• Foreign direct investment (FDI)201, 218

• Global English see Lingua Franca English

• Global lingua franca see Lingua Franca

• Globalization179, 205, 209, 276

• Glossophagia89, 98

• Governance5, 11, 13–14, 28, 45, 67, 225, 245, 275, 277–281, 289–293, 297–298, 344–345

• Gravitational model145, 148, 157

• Hegemony11–14, 89, 91, 105–106, 118, 123, 135, 143, 147, 262, 264, 266–267, 275, 278, 287, 289, 293, 297, 315, 321–322, 333–334, 337, 344, 346–347

• Home language29–30, 67, 69, 71–73, 75–76, 79, 84

• Horizontal bilingualism159–160

• Human Development Index149, 155–156

• Human rights63, 94, 260, 263, 275, 278, 289–291, 340, 344

• Identification9, 12, 56–57, 59–60, 76–80, 84–85, 96–97, 171, 216, 251, 309, 319, 322

• Identity1–2, 11–12, 14–17, 39–43, 47–49, 52–53, 55–57, 59–62, 65–66, 68, 70, 72–73, 77–78, 81, 83–86, 89–90, 92–94, 96–100, 104–106, 146, 149, 161, 168, 174, 224, 227, 236, 258, 308–313, 316, 318, 322–324, 326, 335

• Identity politics1, 39–43, 60, 68, 100

• Identity-constructing policy65–66, 83, 85

• Imagined communities14, 65, 70, 85

• Index Translationum158, 162

• Indignados120, 122, 126, 129–131, 134

• Instrumental policy57

• Integration see European integration or Integration policy

• Integration policy68, 75, 80, 91–93, 95, 113–115, 275, 278, 287, 289, 305, 308, 310–312, 314, 320, 327–328

• Intercomprehension117, 256

• Interdisciplinarity6–8, 168

• International relations228, 275, 280–281, 290–292

• Justice see Linguistic justice

• Knowledge economy203–204, 216–217

• Labour market75, 112, 206, 208, 225, 261

• Language academies194–195

• Language conflict65, 97, 102

• Language education4, 22, 35, 49, 53, 75, 81, 160, 259, 287, 294–295, 305–306, 309–310, 313–314, 318, 328, 333

• Language hierarchies223, 225, 231, 236–237, 239

• Language ideology44, 237

• Language regime11, 14, 19–20, 22, 24–28, 31, 33–34, 82, 237, 305–306, 315, 336

• Language repertoire47, 85, 310

• Language rights23–27, 43, 94, 168, 174, 260, 290, 322, 348

• Language skills54, 114, 206–207, 217–218, 266–267, 305–306, 310, 313, 354

• Languaging13, 223–225, 229–235, 238–239, 247–249, 252, 255–260, 262, 266–269

• Life-world12, 94, 167, 170, 173–176, 186–187, 189–191, 193–196

• Ligatures12, 89, 93, 95–96, 98, 100, 105–107

• Lingua franca2, 4, 12–14, 21, 48, 50, 53, 58–59, 62, 69, 77, 79, 84–85, 94, 96, 103, 117–118, 146, 167, 169–172, 174, 176–181, 186, 190, 192–193, 196, 201, 203, 210–214, 216–218, 224, 231–232, 237, 245, 247–249, 252, 263–269, 275–277, 285–286, 294–299, 305–307, 310–311, 313–323, 326–328, 334, 339–340, 345–346

• Lingua franca English4, 13, 201, 210–213, 216–217, 223-225, 231–233, 239, 263, 275–276, 284, 286, 292, 295–296, 306, 319–320, 334, 346; see also

• Linguistic human rights63, 263

• Linguistic identity1–4, 47–49, 55, 60, 89, 92–93, 95–98, 100, 104–106, 310

• Linguistic justice4, 11–12, 143, 145–149, 157, 160, 163, 167–170, 173–174, 176, 189, 196, 199, 238–239, 247, 249, 267–268, 277, 306–307, 311–312; see also Communicative injustice

• Linguistic landscape121, 126, 131–132, 134–136, 224, 233, 235–236, 238–239

• Local language30, 111, 118–119, 122–123, 131, 134, 172

• Methodological nationalism93, 308, 311, 314, 321

• Migration1,12, 22, 25, 29–30, 50–51, 65–66, 68, 71–75, 77, 82–85, 94, 103–105, 112–114, 229, 253, 257, 305–306, 308, 311–312, 314, 324, 326–327; see also Integration policy

• Mobilisation1, 27, 41, 45–46, 57, 59–60, 89, 91, 96, 99–101, 107, 111–112, 114, 116, 119

• Nation1–3, 11–12, 39–45, 51–52, 54, 57, 59–62, 68, 89–93, 95, 107, 112–113, 118, 142, 179, 226–227, 231, 236, 296–297, 309–312, 314, 351

• National language11, 42, 48–49, 59, 65, 68, 96, 104, 175, 195, 204, 208, 218, 227, 279, 284, 288, 296, 298, 318, 322, 328, 337, 340, 346, 354

• Nationalism2, 14, 25, 41–42, 51, 59, 89–93, 97, 142, 174, 179, 262, 291, 308–311, 314, 317, 321, 328

• Nation-building2, 11, 39–44, 52, 57, 59–62, 90, 113, 312

• Nation-states2–3, 91, 95, 107, 112, 226–227, 231

• Native language42–43, 48–49, 52, 167, 169, 172, 175, 177, 181, 185–186, 192–194, 231

• Neoliberalism202, 204, 275, 278, 286, 289, 291–292

• Non-market250–251

• Occupy101, 119–120, 122, 125–128, 130–131, 134, 136, 208, 281, 283

• Official languages11, 19, 23, 25–32, 34, 56, 67, 70–73, 84, 129, 152, 208, 228, 231, 237, 262, 288, 292, 335–337, 340–341, 344

• Open English14, 305–308, 310, 314–315, 317–321, 328

• Options4, 12, 33, 47, 89, 92–93, 95–96, 98, 105–107, 117, 167, 174, 190, 248, 322

• Ownership188, 193, 195–196, 342

• Pacification68, 71, 73, 83

• Participatory308, 313, 315

• Personality principle23, 43, 66

• Pidgins215

• Political activism112–117, 120

• Political communication123, 335, 338, 341

• Political compromise20, 24–25, 27–28, 31, 33–34

• Political geography12, 111

• Polycentric193, 196, 321

• Populism105

• Power4, 9–11, 14, 25, 39–40, 65–66, 68, 104, 162, 188, 202, 209–211, 217, 223, 225–226, 228, 236, 238, 261–262, 264–266, 275, 277–280, 289, 291–292, 296, 313, 321, 351–352

• Pragmatism305, 315, 318

• Protest102, 112, 114–115, 118–120, 122–123, 126, 131, 136, 142, 278; see also Demonstration

• Public space, public sphere12, 48, 92, 111–113, 116–121, 132, 135, 173, 261

• Rationality7, 280, 310–311, 347

• Recognition12, 23, 30–32, 45, 60–61, 66, 73, 89, 92, 98–102, 105, 113, 152, 188, 192, 199, 236–237, 324, 326, 344, 354

• Registers215

• Reification254, 256, 261–262

• Repertoire1, 47, 84–85, 94, 97, 102, 105, 114–115, 174, 216, 251, 255–256, 259, 268, 298, 310, 319

• Resource injustice170, 172–173, 181, 184, 186; see also Linguistic justice

• Rights-based approach43

• Russian language39–40, 42, 47–49, 51, 53, 55–56, 59–62

• Self-categorisation, self-identification56, 59–60, 78,100, 309

• Social media122, 229

• Social movement114, 136

• Sociolinguistics4, 7, 13, 117, 145, 149, 176, 223–224, 229–231, 239, 248, 260, 262–263, 267

• Superdiversity13, 225, 229, 231, 237, 247–249, 252–254, 267–269

• State language43–46, 55–56, 59, 152, 175

• State traditions20, 22–24, 27, 31, 33–34

• Status planning43–44, 55, 58, 61

• Subjectivation254

• Symbolic44–45, 55, 57–60, 62, 77, 100, 119, 123, 146, 157, 159–160, 196, 201, 250–251, 261, 266–267, 310, 321, 336, 342, 344, 347, 352

• Terra nullius275, 282, 286

• Territoriality23, 43, 66, 68, 73, 313–314, 321–322, 324, 326

• Top-down12, 44, 62, 65, 82, 90–91, 316

• Transitional multilingualism317

• Translanguaging255, 259

• Translation24, 66, 113, 121, 123–125, 147, 152–153, 155–156, 175, 181, 184, 190, 210, 257, 287, 293, 295, 315, 322, 334, 336–337, 339–343, 345–346, 353–354

• Vehicular language151–152, 156, 158, 162, 167, 169–172, 175, 191, 194–195, 339

• Vertical bilingualism158

• Virtual English177, 181, 195

• World Englishes169–170, 178–179, 188, 192, 211, 286, 306

• Xenophobia51, 59