Part of
Late Modern English Medical Texts: Writing medicine in the eighteenth century
Edited by Irma Taavitsainen and Turo Hiltunen
[Not in series 221] 2019
► pp. 401420
Ackerknecht, Erwin. 1973. Therapeutics: From the Primitives to the Twentieth Century, with an Appendix History of Dietetics. London: Collier-Macmillan.Google Scholar
Aijmer, Karin. 1996. Conversational Routines in English: Conversation and Creativity. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Albala, Ken. 2002. Eating Right in the Renaissance. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, Marc. 2011. “The various forms of civilization arranged in chronological strata: manipulating the HTE.” In Cunning Passages, Contrived Corridors: Unexpected Essays in the History of Lexicography, Michael Adams and Giovanni Iamartino (eds.), 309–324. Monza, Italy, Polimetrica Press.Google Scholar
. 2017. Profiles and Peaks: Lexicalisation, Focus, and Trauma in the History of English. Plenary presentation at HEL-LEX 5, Zurich 1519 February, 2017.Google Scholar
. 2018a. Lexicalization Pressure: From Frequency to Linguistic Trauma. Plenary presentation at ICEHL20, Edinburgh 2730 August, 2018.Google Scholar
. 2018b. “The Hansard Corpus through a telescope.” Plenary talk at the 39th ICAME conference, Tampere, Finland.Google Scholar
Alonso-Almeida, Francisco. 2013. “Genre conventions in English recipes 1600-1800.” In DiMeo and Pennell (eds), 68–92.Google Scholar
Altenberg, Bengt. 1998. “On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of current word-combinations.” In Phraseology: Theory, Analysis and Applications, A. P. Cowie (ed.), 100–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Andrew, Donna T. 1989. Philanthropy and Police: London Charity in the Eighteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Andrews, Jonathan, Briggs, Asa, Porter, Roy, Tucker, Penny and Waddington, Keir. 1997. The History of Bethlem. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Anthony, Laurence. 2014. AntConc 3.4.3. Corpus software. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Online: [URL].
Atkinson, Dwight. 1992. “The evolution of medical research writing from 1735 to 1985: The case of the Edinburgh Medical Journal.” Applied Linguistics 13: 337–374.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1996. “The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1675–1975: A sociohistorical discourse analysis.” Language in Society 25: 333–371.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1999. Scientific discourse in Sociohistorical Context. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1675–1975. London and Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Baer, Eugen. 1981. “Medical semiotics: A new paradigm.” Semiotica 37: 169–191.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael D. 2006. “The disenchantment of magic: Spells, charms, and superstition in early European witchcraft literature.” The American Historical Review 111 (2): 383–404.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013. Fearful Spirits, Reasoned Follies: The Boundaries of Superstition in Medieval Europe. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Banks, David. 2008. The Development of Scientific Writing, Linguistic Features and Historical Contexts. London: Equinox.Google Scholar
. 2017. “Establishing the boundaries and creating the genre of the scientific research article in the late seventeenth century.” Ranam; recherches anglaises et nord-américaines. (Special issue, ed. Jean-Jaques Chardin: Discourse, Boundaries and Genres in English Studies: An Assessment.) Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg. 31–42.Google Scholar
Baron, Alistair and Rayson, Paul. 2008. VARD 2 [URL].Google Scholar
Baroni Marco and Stefan Evert 2009. “Statistical methods for corpus exploitation” in: Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook. Volume 2 eds Lüdeling, Anke and Kytö, Merja. Berlin: MOuton de Gruyter. 777–802Google Scholar
Barquet, Nicolaut and Domingo, Pere. 1997. “Smallpox: The triumph over the most terrible of the ministers of death.” Annals of Internal Medicine 127 (8, Part 1): 635–642.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barry, Jonathan. 1985. “Piety and the patient: Medicine and religion in eighteenth century Bristol.” In Roy Porter (ed.), 145–175.Google Scholar
. 1987. “Publicity and the public good: Presenting medicine in eighteenth-century Bristol.” In Medical Fringe & Medical Orthodoxy 1750–1850 (eds), W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter, 29–55. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
. 1994. “Bourgeois Collectivism? Urban Association and the Middling Sort.” In The Middling Sort of People: Culture, Society and Politics in England 1550–1800, Jonathan Barry and Christopher Brooks (eds), 84–112. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bastian Mathieu, Heymann Sebastien and Jacomy, Mathieu. 2009. “Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks.” In Proceedings of International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Bazerman, Charles. 1988. Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Bazin, Hervé. 2011. Vaccination: A History. From Lady Montagu to Genetic Engineering. Esher: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Bell, Allan. 1984. “Language style as audience design.” Language in Society 13: 145–204.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bergdolt, Klaus. 2008. Wellbeing: A Cultural History of Healthy Living. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Berkenkotter Carol and Thomas N. Huchkin. 1995. Genre knowledge in disciplinary communication. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Berridge, Virginia. 1990. Health and Medicine. In The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950: Volume 3, Social Agencies and Institutions, F. K. L. Thompson (ed.), 171–242. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Berry, Helen. 2003. Gender, Society and Print Culture in Late Stuart England: The Cultural World of the Athenian Mercury [Women and Gender in the Early Modern World]. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Bertucci, Paola. 2006. “Revealing sparks: John Wesley and the religious utility of electrical healing.” British Journal for the History of Science 39 (3): 341–362.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, Douglas. 1988. Variation across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
, 1993. “Using register-diversified corpora for general language studies.” Computational Linguistics 19(2): 219–241.Google Scholar
. 1995. Dimensions of Register Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2006. University Language: A Corpus-Based Study of Spoken and Written Registers. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, Douglas and Finegan, Edward. 1989. “Drift and the evolution of English style: A history of three genres.” Language 65: 487–517.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, Douglas, Finegan, Edward and Atkinson, Dwight. 1993. “ARCHER and its challenges: compiling and exploring A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers .” In Creating and Using English Language Corpora, Udo Fries, Gunnel Tottie and Peter Schneider (eds), 1–13. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas and Finegan, Edward. 1997. “Diachronic relations among speech-based and written registers in English.” In To Explain the Present: Studies in the Changing English Language in Honour of Matti Rissanen, Terttu Nevalainen and Leena Kahlas-Tarkka (eds), 253–276. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas, Johanson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan and Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas, Conrad, Susan and Cortes, Viviana. 2004. “If you look at …: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks.” Applied Linguistics 25 (3): 371–405.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bilgrami, Akeel (ed.). 2016. Beyond the Secular West. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Blei, David M. 2012. “Probabilistic Topic Models.” Communications of the ACM 55 (4): 77–84.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Blei, David M., Ng, Andrew Y. and Jordan, Michael I. 2003. “Latent Dirichlet allocation.” Journal of Machine Learning Research 3: 993–1022.Google Scholar
Brand, Christiane. 2006. Lexical Processes in Scientific Discourse Popularisations: A Corpus-Linguistic Study of the SARS Coverage. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Breeze, Ruth. 2013. “Lexical bundles across four legal genres.” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 18 (2): 229–253.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Broman, Thomas H. 2003. The medical sciences. In The Cambridge History of Science The Cambridge History of Science, 461–484.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brooks, Christopher. 1995. “Apprenticeship, social mobility and the middling sort 1550–1800.” In The Middling Sort of People: Culture, Society and Politics in England, 1550–1800, Jonathan Barry and Christopher Brooks (eds), 52–83. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Brown, Michael. 2011. Performing Medicine: Medical Culture and Identity in Provincial England, c. 1760–1850. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Penelope and Levinson, Stephen. 1987. Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bynum, William F. 1994. Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carlson, C. Lennart. 1938. The First Magazine: A History of The Gentleman’s Magazine. Providence, RI: Brown University.Google Scholar
Cambridge History of Science. Volume 4, Eighteenth-Century Science, Roy Porter (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cavallo, Sandra and Storey, Tessa. 2013. Healthy Living in Late Renaissance Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Class, Monika. 2014. “Introduction. Medical case histories as genre: New approaches.” Literature and Medicine 32 (1): vii–xvi.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cody, Lisa Forman. 2005. Birthing the Nation: Sex, Science and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Britons. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, William. 1974. “Health and hygiene in the Encyclopédie: A medical doctrine for the bourgeoisie.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 29 (4): 399–421.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Collins, James and Blot, Richard K. 2003. Literacy and Literacies: Texts, Power, and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Conboy, Martin. 2017. “British popular newspaper traditions: From the nineteenth century to the first tabloid.” In Diachronic Developments in English News Discourse [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics 6], Minna Palander-Collin, Maura Ratia and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 119–136. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Conlin, Joseph. 1977. “Another side to William Byrd of Westover: An explanation of the food in his secret diaries.” Virginia Cavalcade 26 (3): 124–133.Google Scholar
CoRD. Corpus Resource Database. Online: [URL].
Corfield, Penelope J. 2009. “From poison peddlers to civic worthies: The reputation of the apothecaries in Georgian England.” Social History of Medicine 22 (1): 1–21.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cortes, Viviana. 2004. “Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology.” English for Specific Purposes 23 (4): 397–423.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Critser, Greg. 2014. “Foreword.” In Writings on the Sober Life: The Art and Grace of Living Long, Hiroko Fudemoto (ed. and transl. ), vii–xxv. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Crombie, A. C. 1995. “Commitments and styles of European scientific thinking.” History of Science 33: 225–238.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Crombie, Alistair Cameron. 1994. Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition: The History of Argument and Explanation, Especially in the Mathematical and Biomedical Sciences and Arts. Vols 1–3. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Crossgrove, William. 1998. “Introduction.” In Early Science and Medicine 3 (2): 157–185.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Culpeper, Jonathan. 2009. “Historical Sociopragmatics: An introduction.” Jounal of Historical Pragmatics, Special issue, ed. by Jonathan Culpeper: 179–186. Rpt. 2011. Sociopragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Culpeper, Jonathan and Demmen, Jane. 2011. “Nineteenth-century English politeness: Negative politeness, conventional indirect requests and the rise of individual self.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 12 (1): 49–81.Google Scholar
Culpeper, Jonathan and Kytö, Merja. 2010. Early Modern English Dialogues: Spoken Interaction as Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cunningham, Andrew and French, Roger (eds). 1990. The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dacome, Lucia. 2005. “Useless and pernicious matter: Corpulence in eighteenth-century England.” In Cultures of the Abdomen: Diet, Digestion and Fat in the Modern World, Christopher Forth and Ana Carden-Coyne (eds), 185–204. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dear, Peter. 1991. “Narratives, anecdotes and experiments: Turning experience into science in the seventeenth century.” In The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument: Historical Studies, Peter Dear (ed.), 135–163. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Demaitre, Luke. 1998. “Medical writing in transition: Between ars and vulgus.” Early Science and Medicine 3 (2): 88–102.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Digby, Anne. 1986. From York Lunatic Asylum to Bootham Park Hospital. University of York, Borthwick Paper, no. 69.Google Scholar
. 1994. Making a Medical Living: Doctors and Patients in the English Market for Medicine, 1720–1911. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DiMeo, Michelle and Pennell, Sara (eds). 2013. Reading and Writing Recipe Books, 1550–1800. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Dunn, Peter. M.. 1999. “Perinatal lessons from the past: Dr William Hunter (1718–83) and the gravid uterus.” Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 80 (1): F76–F77.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Early Science and Medicine: A Journal for the Study of Science, Technology and Medicine in the Pre-modern Period 3/2, 1998. Special issue: The Vernacularization of Science, Medicine, and Technology in Late Medieval Europe, Crossgrove, William, Schleissner, Margaret and Voigts, Linda Ehrsam (eds). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Eden, Trudy. 2008. The Early American Table: Food and Society in the New World. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Eggins, Suzanne and Martin, J. R. 1997. “Genres and registers of discourse.” In Discourse as Structure and Process, Teun A. van Dijk (ed.), 230–256. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Eich, Wolfgang. 1986. “Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century medical semiotics.” XXVII International Congress of the History of Medicine, 503–505.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, Mickey S. 1997. Life in the Balance: Emergency Medicine and the Quest to Reverse Sudden Death. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, Nick C. 1996. “Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18 (1): 91–126.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
EMEMT = Early Modern English Medical Texts. 2010. Compiled by Irma Taavitsainen, Päivi Pahta, Turo Hiltunen, Martti Mäkinen, Ville Marttila, Maura Ratia, Carla Suhr and Jukka Tyrkkö. DVD with EMEMT Presenter software by Raymond Hickey. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Emerson, Roger. 2004. “The founding of the Edinburgh Medical School.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 59 (2): 183–218.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1966. Boston, London, Toronto, Geneva, Sydney, Tokyo: William Benton.Google Scholar
. 2010 [1974]. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. 15th edition.Google Scholar
ESTC = English Short Title Catalogue. British Library. Online: [URL].
Estes, J. W. 1996. “The medical properties of food in the eighteenth century.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 51 (2): 127–154.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Evans, Chris. 2008. “Crucible steel as an enlightened material.” Historical Metallurgy 42 (2): 79–88.Google Scholar
Evert, Stefan. 2006. “How random is a corpus? The library metaphor.” Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 54 (2): 177–190.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ferrières, Madeleine. 2006. Sacred Cow, Mad Cow: A History of Food Fears. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Finger, Stanley and Ferguson, Ian. 2009. “The role of The Gentleman’s Magazine in the dissemination of knowledge about electric fish in the eighteenth century.” Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 18: 347–365.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Firth, John Rupert. 1957. A Synopsis of Linguistic Theory 1930–1955. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Fissell, Mary. 1991. Patients, Power and the Poor in Eighteenth-Century Bristol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2007. “The marketplace of print.” In Jenner and Wallis (eds), 108–132.Google Scholar
. 2012. “A book of receipts of all sorts: Elizabeth Strachey, 1693–1730s.” In Hidden Treasure: The National Library of Medicine, Michael Sappol (ed.), 204–205. New York: Blast Books.Google Scholar
Fitzmaurice, Susan. 2000. “The Spectator, the politics of social networks, and language standardisation in eighteenth century England.” In The Development of Standard English 1300–1800, Laura Wright (ed), 195–218. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. “Social factors and language change in eighteenth-century England: The case of negative concord.” Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 3 CXIII: 243–321.Google Scholar
Fowler, Roger. 1986. Linguistic Criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fox, Adam. 2000. Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Francia, Susan and Stobart, Anne (eds). 2014. Critical Approaches to the History of Western Herbal Medicine: From Classical Antiquity to the Early Modern Period. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
French, Roger. 1994. “Astrology in Medical Practice.” In Practical Medicine from Salerno to the Black Death, L. Garcia-Ballester et al. (eds), 30–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2003. Medicine Before Science: The Business of Medicine from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fries, Udo. 2012. “Newspapers from 1665 to 1765.” In News as Changing Texts: Corpora, Methodologies and Analysis, Roberta Facchinetti, Nicholas Brownlees, Birte Bös and Udo Fries (eds), 49–89. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing (rpt 2015).Google Scholar
Galenus, Claudius. 2004. Galen on Antecedent Causes. Hankinson, R. J. (ed. and transl.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gee, Brian. 2014. Francis Watkins and the Dollond Telescope Patent Controversy. [Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945]. Dorchester: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Gentilcore, David. 2016. Food and Health in Early Modern Europe: Diet, Medicine and Society, 1450–1800. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. [1971] 2010. Relations in Public. Microstudies of the public order. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Golinski, Jan. 2003. “Chemistry.” In The Cambridge History of Science. Volume 4. Eighteenth-Century Science, Roy Porter (ed.), 375–396. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016. The Experimental Self: Humphry Davy and the Making of a Man of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Görlach, Manfred. 1992. “Text-types and language history: The cookery recipe.” In History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics [Topics in English Linguistics 10], Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 721–736. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (Reprint in Text Types and the History of English, Manfred Görlach (ed.), 121–140. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.)DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gotti, Maurizio. 1996. Robert Boyle and the Language of Science. Milano: Guerini.Google Scholar
. 2001. “The experimental essay in Early Modern English.” European Journal of English Studies 5 (2): 221–239.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2003. Specialized Discourse. Linguistic Features and Changing Conventions. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
. 2005. Investigating Specialized Discourse. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
. 2006. “Disseminating early modern science specialized news discourse in the Philosophical Transactions .” In News Discourse in Early Modern Britain: Selected Papers of CHINED 2004, Nicholas Brownlees (ed.), 41–70. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony, Shelford, April and Siraisi, Nancy. 1992. New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and Shock of Discovery. Cambridge, MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Bethany, Biber, Douglas and Hiltunen, Turo. 2011. “The expression of stance in early (1665–1712) publications of the Philosophical Transactions and other contemporary medical prose. Innovations in a pioneering discourse.” In Medical Writing in Early Modern English, Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 221–247. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gries, Stephan Th. 2008. “Phraseology and linguistic theory: A brief survey.” In Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Sylvaine Granger and Fanny Meunier (eds), 3–25. Amsterdam: Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grimmer, Justin and Stewart, Brandon. 2013. “Text as data: The promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts.” Political Analysis 21 (3): 267–297.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grogan, Susan. 2017. Death, Disease & Dissection: The Life of a Surgeon Apothecary 1750–1850. London: Pen and Sword.Google Scholar
Gross, Alan G., Harmon, Joseph E. and Reidy, Michael. 2002. Communicating Science: The Scientific Article from the 17th Century to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grumett, David and Muers, Rachel. 2010. Theology on the Menu: Asceticism, Meat and Christian Diet. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Guerrini, Anita. 2000. Obesity and Depression in the Enlightenment: The Life and Times of George Cheyne. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Hall, A. Rupert. 1971. “English medicine in the Royal Society’s correspondence: 1660–1677.” Medical History 15 (2): 111–125.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Handley, Sasha. 2012. “Sleepwalking, subjectivity and the nervous body in eighteenth-century Britain.” Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 35 (3):305–323.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harris, Tim. 1995. “Problematising Popular Culture.” In Harris (ed.), 1–27.Google Scholar
. 1995. Popular Culture in England c. 1500–1850. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harris, Zellig. [1954] 1970. “Distributional structure.” In Papers in Structural and Transformational Linguistics [Formal Linguistics Series], 775–794. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.Google Scholar
. 1968. Mathematical Structures of Language. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Haycock, David B. and Wallis, Patrick (eds). 2005. “Quackery and commerce in seventeenth-century London: The proprietary medicine business of Anthony Daffy.” In Medical History Supplement 25: 1–216.Google Scholar
Hess, Volker. 1998. “Medical semiotics in the eighteenth century: A theory of practice?Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 19 (3): 203–213.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hickey, Raymond (ed.). 2010. Eighteenth-Century English: Ideology and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010. “Attitudes and concerns in eighteenth-century English.” In Hickey (ed.), 1–20.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hiltunen, Turo. 2010. “Philosophical Transactions”. In Early Modern English Medical Texts. Corpus Description and Studies, Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 127–131. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
. 2017. “Passives in academic writing comparing research articles and student essays across four disciplines.” In Corpus Linguistics on the Move: Exploring and Understanding English through Corpora, María José López-Couso, Belén Méndez-Naya, Paloma Núnez-Pertejo and Ignacio M. Palacios-Martínez (eds), 132–157. Leiden and Boston: Brill Rodopi.Google Scholar
Hiltunen, Turo, Säily, Tanja and McVeigh, Joe. 2017. “How to turn linguistic data into evidence?.” In Big and Rich Data in English Corpus Linguistics: Methods and Explorations, Turo Hiltunen, Joe McVeigh and Tanja Säily (eds). Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Hintikka, Marianna. 2007. “Sickness as metaphor in Early Modern and Present-day English.” In Change in Meaning and the Meaning of Change: Studies in Semantics and Grammar from Old to Present-Day English, Matti Rissanen, Marianna Hintikka, Leena Kahlas-Tarkka, and Roderick McConchie (eds), 91–112. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique de Helsinki.Google Scholar
Historical Thesaurus of English. 2016–. Version 4.61. Available online at <[URL]>.
Holbrook, Stewart H. 1959. The Golden Age of Quackery. New York: The Macmillan Company.Google Scholar
Holbrook, Sue Ellen. 1998. “A medieval scientific encyclopedia ‘Renewed by Goodly Printing’: Wynkyn de Worde’s English De proprietatibus rerum .” In Crossgrove et al. Early Science and Medicine 3 (2): 119–156.Google Scholar
Holmes, Brooke. 2010. The Symptom and the Subject: The Emergence of the Physical Body in Ancient Greece. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hyland, Ken. 2008. “ As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation.” English for Specific Purposes 27: 4–21.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Iliffe, Rob. 2003. “Philosophy of science.” In The Cambridge History of Science, 267–284.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ishizuka, Hisao. 2012. “‘Fibre Body’: The concept of fibre in eighteenth-century medicine, c. 1700–40.” Medical History 56 (4): 562–584.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jenner, Mark S. R. and Wallis, Patrick. 2007a. “The Medical Marketplace.” In Jenner and Wallis (eds), 1–21.Google Scholar
. 2007b. Medicine and the Market in England and Its Colonies c. 1450–c. 1850. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jewson, N. 1974. Medical knowledge and the patronage system in eighteenth century England. Sociology 8: 369–385.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1976. “The disappearance of the sick man from medical cosmology 1770–1870.” Sociology 10: 225–440.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jones, Claire L. 2013. The Medical Trade Catalogue in Britain, 1870–1914. London: Pickering and Chatto.Google Scholar
Jones, Peter Murray. 2011. “Medical Literacies and medical culture in early modern England.” In Taavitsainen and Pahta (eds), 30–43.Google Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H. 2008. “Politeness in the history of English.” In English Historical Linguistics 2006. Volume II: Lexical and Semantic Change. Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21–25 August 2006 [Current Issues in Linguistics Theory 296], Richard Dury, Maurizio Gotti and Marina Dossena (eds), 3–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2012. “Changes in politeness cultures.” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Terttu Nevalainen and Elizabeth Traugott (eds), 422–433. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H., Schreier, Daniel and Hundt, Marianne (eds). 2009. Corpora: Pragmatics and Discourse. Amsterdam.: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H. and Taavitsainen, Irma (eds). 2008. Speech Acts in the History of English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H., Taavitsainen, Irma and Schneider, Gerold. 2012. “Semantic corpus trawling: Expressions of ‘courtesy’ and ‘politeness’ in the Helsinki Corpus .” In Developing Corpus Methodology for Historical Pragmatics [Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English 11], Carla Suhr and Irma Taavitsainen (eds). Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English (VARIENG), University of Helsinki. Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Kilpatrick, Robert. 1990. “‘Living in the light’: Dispensaries, philanthropy and medical reform in late-eighteenth-century London.” In The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century, Andrew Cunningham and Roger French (eds), 254–280. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kirchner, Joachim. 1928–1931. Die Grundlagen des deutchen Zeitschriftenwesens mit einer gesamtbibliographie der deutschen Zeitschriften bis zur Jahre 1790. Leipzig: Hierseman.Google Scholar
Klein, Lawrence. 2002. “Politeness and the interpretation of the British eighteenth century.” The Historical Journal 45 (4): 869–898.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Knoeff, Rina. 1997. “Practicing chemistry ‘after the Hippocratical manner’: Hippocrates and the importance of chemistry in Boerhaave’s medicine.” In New Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry, Lawrence Principe (ed.), 63–76. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Kohnen, Thomas. 2008a. “Tracing directives through text and time: Towards a methodology of a corpus-based diachronic speech-act analysis.” In Jucker and Taavitsainen (eds), 295–310.Google Scholar
. 2008b. “Directives in Old English: Beyond politeness?” In Jucker and Taavitsainen (eds), 27–44.Google Scholar
Kopaczyk Joanna and Sauer, Hans. 2017. Binomials in the History of English: Fixed and Flexible. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kopaczyk, Joanna. 2013a. The Legal Language of Scottish Burghs: Standardization and Lexical Bundles 1380–1560. Oxford: Oxford University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2013b. “Formulaic discourse across Early Modern English medical genres: Investigating shared lexical bundles.” In Meaning in the History of English: Words and Texts in Context [Studies in Language Companion Series 148], Andreas H. Jucker, Daniela Landert, Annina Seiler and Nicole Studer-Joho (eds), 257–299. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kronick, David Abraham. 1976. A History of Scientific & Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technical Press, 1665–1790. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.Google Scholar
. 1991. Scientific and Technical Periodicals of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Guide. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow.Google Scholar
Kytö, Merja. 1996 [1991]. Manual to the Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts: Coding Conventions and Lists of Source Texts. Third Edition. Helsinki: Department of English.Google Scholar
Labov, William and Waletzky, Joshua. 1997 [1967]. “Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience.” Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts: Proceedings of the 1966 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, June Helm (ed.), 12–44. Seattle: American Ethnological Society. Reprinted in Journal of Narrative and Life History 7: 3–38.Google Scholar
Lane, Joan. 1985. “Cultural habits of illness: The Enlightened and the Pious in eighteenth century England.” In Roy Porter (ed.), 205–248.Google Scholar
. 2001. A Social History of Medicine: Health, Healing and Disease in England, 1750–1950. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lawlor, Clark. 2006. Consumption and Literature: The Making of the Romantic Disease. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey, Hund, Marianne, Mair, Christian and Smith, Nicholas. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey. 2007. “New resources, or just better old ones? The Holy Grail of representativeness.” In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, Marianne Hundt, Nadja Nesselhauf and Carolin Biewer (eds), 133–149. Amsterdam: Rodopi.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2014. The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lefanu, W. R. 1938. British Periodicals of Medicine: A Chronological List. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Lehto Anu, Baron, Alistair and Rayson, Paul. 2010. “Improving the precision of corpus methods: The standardized version of Early Modern English Medical Texts .” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 279–290.Google Scholar
Lehto, Anu. 2015. The Genre of Early Modern English Statutes: Complexity in Historical Legal Language. Diss. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique de Helsinki.Google Scholar
. 2018. “Lexical bundles in Early Modern and Present-Day English Acts of Parliament.” In Applications of Pattern-Driven Methods in Corpus Linguistics, Joanna Kopaczyk and Jukka Tyrkkö (eds), 159–186. John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leong, Elaine. 2008. “Making medicines in the early modern household.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 82 (1): 145–168.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2013. “Collecting knowledge for the family: Recipes, gender and practical knowledge in the early modern English household.” Centaurus 55 (2): 81–103.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leong, Elaine and Pennell, Sara. 2007. “Recipe collections and the currency of medical knowledge in the early modern ‘medical marketplace.’” In Jenner and Wallis (eds), 133–152.Google Scholar
Leong, Elaine and Rankin, Alisha (eds). 2011. Secrets and Knowledge in Medicine and Science, 1500–1800. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Levine, Philippa. 2013. The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset. 2nd edition. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Loudon, Irvine. 1981. “The origins and growth of the dispensary movement in England.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 55 (3): 322–342.Google Scholar
Lyons, John 1995. Linguistic Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mair, Christian. 2006. Twentieth-Century English: History, Variation and Standardization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mäkinen, Martti. 2011. “Efficacy phrases in Early Modern English medical recipes.” In Medical Writing in Early Modern English, Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 158–179. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Marttila, Ville. 2014. Creating Digital Editions for Corpus Linguistics: The Case of Potage Dyvers, a Family of Six Middle English Recipe Collections. Diss. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.Google Scholar
McAllister, Marie E. 2000. “Stories of the origin of syphilis in eighteenth-century England: Science, myth, and prejudice”. Eighteenth-Century Life 24 (1):22–44.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McCallum, Andrew Kachites 2002. “MALLET: A Machine Learning for Language Toolkit.” [URL].Google Scholar
McClellan, James E. 1985. Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Columbia University.Google Scholar
McConchie, R. W. 1997. Lexicography and Physicke: The Record of Sixteenth-Century English Medical Terminology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
McEnery, Tony. 2006. “The moral panic about bad language in England, 1691–1745.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 7 (1): 89–113.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McEnery, Tony, Xiao, Richard and Tono, Yukio. 2006. Corpus-Based Language Studies: An Advanced Resource Book. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Carey. 1998. The Evolution of English Prose, 1700–1800: Style, Politeness, and Print Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meyer, Charles F. 2015. “Corpus-based and corpus-driven approaches to linguistic analysis: One and the same?” In Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence, Irma Taavitsainen, Merja Kytö, Claudia Claridge and Jeremy Smith (eds), 14–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mikkeli, Heikki. 1999. Hygiene in the Early Modern Medical Tradition. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.Google Scholar
Mikkeli, Heikki and Marttila, Ville. 2010. “Change and continuity in early modern medicine (1500–1700).” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 13–29.Google Scholar
Moessner, Lilo. 2006. “The birth of the experimental essay.” In Explorations in Specialized Genres, Vijay Bhatia and Maurizio Gotti (eds), 59–78. Bern and Berlin: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
. 2009. “The influence of the Royal Society on 17th-century scientific writing.” ICAME Journal 33: 65–88.Google Scholar
Moon, Rosamund. 1998. Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English: A Corpus-Based Approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Moretti, Frank. 2013. Distant Reading. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Moskowich, Isabel and Crespo, Begoña (eds.). 2012. Astronomy ‘playne and simple’: The writing of science between 1700 and 1900. Including CD-Rom: A Corpus of English Texts on Astronomy (CETA). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Moskowich, Isabel, Riobo, Gonzalo Camiña, Ines, Lareo and Crespo, Begoña (eds.). 2016. “The Conditioned and Unconditioned”: Late Modern English Texts on Philosophy. Including CD-Rom. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mullet, Charles F. 1936. “The English plague scare of 1720–23.” Osiris 2: 484–516. Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Murakami, Akira, Thompson, Paul, Hunston, Susan and Vajn, Dominik. 2017. “‘What is this corpus about?’: Using topic modeling to explore a specialized corpus.” Corpora 12 (2): 243–277.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nagy, Doreen E. 1988. Popular Medicine in Seventeenth-Century England. Bowling Green: Bowling Green Popular Press.Google Scholar
Nevala, Minna. 2009. “Referential terms and expressions in eighteenth-century letters: A case study on the Lunar men of Birmingham.” In The Language of Daily Life in England (1400–1800), Arja Nurmi, Minna Nevala and Minna Palander-Collin (eds), 75–103. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nevalainen, Terttu and Tissari, Heli. 2010. “Contextualising eighteenth-century politeness: Social distinction and metaphorical levelling.” In Hickey (ed.), 133–158.Google Scholar
Nicoud, Marilyn. 2007. Les régimes de santé au moyen âge. 2 vols. Rome: École Française de Rome.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nutton, Vivian. 1993. “Galen at the bedside: The methods of a medical detective.” In Medicine and the Five Senses, W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter (eds), 7–16. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
ODNB = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2004. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Online: [URL].
OED Online (Oxford English Dictionary). 2018. Oxford University Press, July 2018.Google Scholar
Olson, Richard. 2003. “The human sciences.” In The Cambridge History of Science, 437–461.Google Scholar
Osborn, Sally. 2014. The Role of Domestic Knowledge in an Era of Professionalization: Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Medical Recipe Collections. (Unpublished diss.). University of Roehampton.Google Scholar
Pahta, Päivi. 2012. “Eighteenth-century English medical texts and discourses on reproduction.” In Languages of Science in the Eighteenth Century, Britt-Louise Gunnarsson (ed.), 333–355. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Pahta, Päivi and Ratia, Maura. 2010. “Treatises on specific topic.” In Early Modern English Medical Texts. Corpus Description and Studies, Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 73–100. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Pahta, Päivi and Taavitsainen, Irma. 2004. “Vernacularisation of scientific and medical writing in its sociohistorical context.” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 1–22.Google Scholar
. 2010. “Introducing Early Modern English Medical Texts .” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 1–11. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
. 2011. “An interdisciplinary approach to medical writing in the Early Modern period.” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 1–9.Google Scholar
Palmer, Richard. 1991. “Health, hygiene and longevity in Medieval and Renaissance Europe.” In History of Hygiene, Yoshio Kawakita, Shizu Sakai and Yasuo Otsuka (eds), 75–98. Tokyo: Ishiyaku.Google Scholar
Pelling, Margaret and White, Frances. 2004. “LUCATELLO, Matthew.” In Physicians and Irregular Medical Practitioners in London 1550–1640 Database. London: Centre for Metropolitan History, British History Online. Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Pennell, Sara. 2013. “Making livings, lives and archives: Tales of four eighteenth-century recipe books.” In Reading and Writing Recipe Books, 1550–1800, Michelle DiMeo and Sara Pennell (eds), 225–246. Manchester, UK; New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Pickstone, John V. 1992. “Dearth, dirt and fever epidemics: Rewriting the history of British ‘public health’, 1780–1850.” In Epidemics and Ideas, Terence Ranger and Paul Slack (eds), 125–148. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pincus, Steven. 1995. “‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffee-houses and Restoration political culture.” Journal of Modern History 67 (4): 807–834.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pomata, Gianna and Siraisi, Nancy (eds). 2005. Historia: Empiricism and Erudition in Early Modern Europe [Transformations: Studies in the History of Science and Technology]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Porter, Dorothy. 1999. Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Porter, Dorothy and Porter, Roy. 1989. Patient’s Progress: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Porter, Roy (ed). 1985. Patients and Practitioners: Lay Perceptions of Medicine in Pre-Industrial Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1985a. “Laymen, doctors and medical knowledge in the eighteenth century: The evidence of The Gentleman’s Magazine .” In Roy Porter (ed.), 283–314.Google Scholar
. 1985b. “Lay medical knowledge in the eighteenth century: The evidence of The Gentleman’s Magazine .” Medical History 29: 138–168.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1989a. “The early Royal Society and the spread of medical knowledge.” In The Medical Revolution of the Seventeenth Century, Roger French and Andrew Wear (eds), 272–293. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1989b. Health for sale: Quackery in England 1660–1850. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
. 1991. “Cleaning up the great wen: Public health in eighteenth-century London.” Medical History Supplement 35 (11): 61–75.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1992. The popularization of medicine 1650–1850. London and New York.: Routledge.Google Scholar
. 1993. “Health care in enlightenment England: knowledge, power, and the market.” In Curing and Insuring: Essays on Illness in Past Times: The Netherlands, Belgium, England, and Italy, 16th–20th Centuries: Proceedings of the Conference Illness and History, Rotterdam, 16 November 1990, Hans Binneveld and Rudolf Dekker (eds), 95–113. Hilversum: Verloren.Google Scholar
. 1995a [1987]Medical science and human science in the Enlightenment.” In Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth-Century Domains, Christopher Fox, Roy Porter and Robert Wokler (eds), 53–87. Berkeley: University of California Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1995b [1987]. Disease, Medicine and Society in England, 1550–1860. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
. 2003. Quacks: Fakers and Charlatans in Medicine. Stroud: Tempus.Google Scholar
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey and Svartvik, Jan. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Rayson, Paul. 2009. Wmatrix corpus analysis and comparison tool. Online: [URL].Google Scholar
Risse, Günter B. 1987. “A shift in medical epistemology: Clinical diagnosis, 1770–1828.” In History of Diagnostics, Yosio Kawakita (ed.), 115–147. Osaka: Div. of Medical History, The Taniguchi Foundation.Google Scholar
Rousseau, G. S. 1999. “‘Stung into action &’: Medicine, professionalism, and the news.” In News, Newspapers, and Society in Early Modern Britain, Joad Raymond (ed.), 176–205. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Rusnock, Andrea A. 1995. “The weight of evidence and the burden of authority: Case histories, medical statistics and smallpox inoculation.” In Medicine in the Enlightenment, Roy Porter (ed.), 289–315. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
2002. Vital Accounts: Quantifying Health and Population in Eighteenth-Century England and France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sahlgren, Magnus. 2006. The Word-Space Model: Using Distributional Analysis to Represent Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations between Words in High-Dimensional Vector Spaces. Diss. Stockholm University.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Steven and Shapin, Simon. 1985. Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Schwab, Linda S. 2012. “The curious and important subject’: John Wesley and The Desideratum .” In “Inward and outward health”: John Wesley’s Holistic Concept of Medical Science, the Environment and Holy Living, Deborah Madden (ed.), 169–212. London: Epworth.Google Scholar
Searle, John. 1979. Expression of Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1974. “The audience for science in eighteenth century Edinburgh.” History of Science 12: 95–121.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1996. The Scientific Revolution. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2003a. “How to eat like a gentleman: Dietetics and ethics in early modern England.” In Right Living: An Anglo-American Tradition of Self-Help Medicine and Hygiene, Charles Rosenberg (ed.), 21–58. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
. 2003b. “Trusting George Cheyne: Scientific expertise, common sense, and moral authority in early eighteenth-century dietetic medicine.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77 (2): 263–297.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, Barbara J. 2000. A Culture of Fact: England 1550-1720. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Sherman, William H. 2007. Used Books: Marking Readers in Renaissance England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Silverman, Bernard Walter. 1986. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. London: Chapman & Hall.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Simpson, Paul. 1993. Language, Ideology and Point of View. London: Routledge.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, John. 1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2005. “Corpus and text – basic principles.” In Developing Linguistic Corpora: A Guide to Good Practice, Martin Wynne (ed.), 1–16. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Skaffari, Janne. 2015. “Code-switching and vernacular support: An early Middle English case study.” Multilingua 35 (3): 203–227.Google Scholar
Slack, Paul. 1979. “Mirrors of health and treasures of poor men: The uses of the vernacular medical literature of Tudor England.” In Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century, Charles Webster (ed.), 237–273. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Ginnie. 1985. “Prescribing the rules of health: Self-help and advice in the late eighteenth century.” In Roy Porter (ed.), 249–282.Google Scholar
Smith, Leonard. 2007. Lunatic Hospitals in Georgian England, 1750–1830 [Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine 28]. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, Lisa. 2006. “The relative duties of a man: Domestic medicine in England and France, c. 1670–1740.” Journal of Family History 31 (3): 237–256.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Staiano, Kathryn Vance. 1982. “Medical semiotics: Redefining an ancient art.” Semiotica 38: 319–346.Google Scholar
Stansfield, Dorothy A. and Stansfield, Ronald G. 1986. “Dr Thomas Beddoes and James Watt: Preparatory work 1794–96 for the Bristol Pneumatic Institute.” Medical History 30 (3): 276–302.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stebbings, Chantal. 2013. “Tax and quacks: The policy of the eighteenth century medicine stamp duty.” In Studies in the History of Tax Law. Volume 6, John Tiley (ed.), 283–304. Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Steinke, Hubert. 2005. Irritating Experiments: Haller’s Concept and the European Controversy on Irritability and Sensibility, 1750–90. Amsterdam: Rodopi.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Steyvers, Mark and Griffiths, Tom. 2007. “Probabilistic Topic Models.” In Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis, Thomas K. Landauer, Danielle S. McNamara, Simon Dennis and Walter Kintsch (eds), 427–440. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stine, Jennifer K. 1996. Opening Closets: The Discovery of Household Medicine in Early Modern England. Diss. Stanford University.Google Scholar
Stohlberg, Michael. 2003. “The crime of Onan and the laws of nature: Religious and medical discourses on masturbation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.” Paedagogica Historica 39 (6): 701–717.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stobart, Anne. 2016. Household Medicine in Seventeenth-Century England. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Swann, Julian. 2000. “Politics and the state in eighteenth century Europe.” In The Short Oxford History of Europe: The Eighteenth Century: Europe, 1688–1815, T. C. W. Blanning (ed.), 11–51. Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma (ed.). 1988. Middle English Lunaries: A Study of the Genre. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
. 1994. “On the evolution of scientific writings from 1375 to 1675: Repertoire of emotive features.” In English Historical Linguistics 1992: Papers from the 7th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics, Valencia, 22–26 September 1992 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 113], Francisco Fernandez, Miguel Fuster, and Juan José Calvo (eds), 329–342. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins PublishingDOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1999. “Dialogues in Late Medieval and Early Modern English medical writing.” In Historical Dialogue Analysis, Andreas H. Jucker, Gerd Fritz and Franz Lebsanfr (eds), 243–268. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001a. “Changing conventions of writing: The dynamics of genres, text types, and text traditions.” European Journal of English Studies 5 (2): 139–150.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001b. “Middle English recipes: Genre characteristics, text type features and underlying traditions of writing.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2 (1): 85–113.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2006. “ Lingua francas of medical communication.” In The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 642–643. 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. “The pragmatics of knowledge and meaning: Corpus linguistic approaches to changing thought-styles in early modern medical discourse.” In Corpora: Pragmatics and Discourse Papers from the 29th International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora (ICAME 29), Andreas H. Jucker, Daniel Schreier and Marianne Hundt (eds), 37–62. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
. 2011. “Medical case reports and scientific thought-styles.” Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos 17: 75–98. (Special issue, Diachronic English for Specific Purposes, ed. Francisco Alonso Almeida.)Google Scholar
. 2012. “Discourse forms and vernacularisation processes in genres of medical writing.” In Translation – Interpretation: COLLeGIUM, Annikki Ajmelaeus and Päivi Pahta (eds), 91–112. Helsinki: Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies.Google Scholar
. 2015. “Medical news in England 1665–1800 in journals for professional and lay audiences.” In Changing Genre Conventions in Historical English News Discourse, Birte Bös and Lucia Korexl (eds), 135–159. Amsterdam: Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016. “Genre dynamics.” In Cambridge Handbook on Historical Linguistics, Merja Kytö and Päivi Pahta (eds), 271–285. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017a. “Meaning-making practices in the history of medical English: A sociopragmatic approach.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18 (2): 252–270.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017b. “The essay in Early Modern and Late Modern English medical writing.” Recherches Anglaises et Nord-Américaines (RANAM) 50: 15–30. (Special issue, ed. Jean-Jaques Chardin: Discourse, Boundaries and Genres in English Studies: An Assessment.)Google Scholar
. 2018. “Scholastic genre scripts in English medical writing 1375–1800.” In Diachronic Corpora, Genre, and Language Change, Richard J. Whitt (ed.), 95–115. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
. 2019 forthcoming. “Dissertations, essays, and pamphlets 1660–1800: a study on the genre.” In: Maci Stefania Maria and Michele Sala(eds.). Communicating English in Specialised Domains. Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives. Festschrift for Maurizio Gotti. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Pahta, Päivi. 2013. “The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing (1375–1800) – a register-specific diachronic corpus for studying the history of scientific writing.” In Principles and Practices for the Digital Editing and Annotation of Diachronic Data. In Anneli Meurman-Solin and Jukka Tyrkkö (eds). Helsinki: Varieng, online at <[URL]>Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Hiltunen, Turo. 2012. “ Now as a text deictic feature in Late Medieval and Early Modern English medical writing.” In Investigations into Meta-Communicative Lexicon of English, Ulrich Busse and Axel Hübler (eds), 179–205. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma, Hiltunen, Turo, Lehto, Anu, Marttila, Ville, Pahta, Päivi, Ratia, Maura, Suhr, Carla and Tyrkkö, Jukka. 2014. “ Late Modern English Medical Texts 1700–1800: A corpus for analysing eighteenth-century medical English.” ICAME Journal 38 (1): 137–153.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Jucker, Andreas H. 2007. ”Speech acts and speech act verbs in the history of English.” In Methods in Historical Pragmatics, Susan Fitzmaurice and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 107–138. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Jucker, Andreas H. 2008a. “‘Methinks you seem more beautiful than ever’: Compliments and gender in the history of English.” In Jucker and Taavitsainen (eds), 195–228.Google Scholar
. 2008b. “Speech acts now and then: Towards a pragmatic history of English.” In Jucker and Taavitsainen (eds), 1–23.Google Scholar
. 2010. “Expressive speech acts and politeness in eighteenth-century English.” In Hickey (ed.), 159–181.Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Pahta, Päivi. 1995. “Scientific ‘Thought-Styles’ in discourse structure: Changing patterns in a historical perspective.” In Organization in Discourse, Brita Wårvik, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen and Risto Hiltunen (eds), 519–529. Turku: University of Turku.Google Scholar
. 1998. “Vernacularisation of medical writing in English: A corpus-based study of scholasticism.” Early Science and Medicine 3 (2): 157–185.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. “Conventions of professional writing: The medical case report in a historical perspective.” Journal of English Linguistics 28 (1): 60–76.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(eds). 2004. Medical and Scientific Writing in English 1375–1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(eds). 2010. Early Modern English Medical Writing: Corpus Description and Studies. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
(eds.) 2011. Medical Writing in Early Modern English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Taavitsainen Irma and Schneider, Gerold. 2019 forthcoming. “Scholastic argumentation in early English medical writing and its afterlife: New corpus evidence.” In From Data to Evidence, Carla Suhr, Terttu Nevalainen and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 191–221.Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma and Suhr, Carla. 2010. “Appendix: Medicine in society.” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 133–146. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. R. 2003. Linguistic Categorisation. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tichý, Ondřej. 2018. “Lexical obsolescence and loss in English: 1700–2000.” In Applications of Pattern-Driven Methods in Corpus Linguistics, Joanna Kopaczyk and Jukka Tyrkkö (eds), 88–103. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Keith. 1971. Religion and the Decline of Magic. Harmondworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid. 2010. “Lowth as an icon of prescriptivism.” In Hickey (ed.), 73–88.Google Scholar
Tognini-Bonelli, Elena. 2001. Corpus Linguistics at Work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Toolan, Michael J. 2001 [1988]. Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Tröhler, Ulrich. 2005. “Quantifying experience and beating biases: A new culture in eighteenth-century British clinical medicine.” In Body Counts: Medical Quantification in Historical and Sociological Perspective, Gerard Jorland, Annick Opinel and George Weisz (eds), 19–50. Montreal and Kingston: McQill–Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Turk, J. L. 1994. “Inflammation: John Hunter’s ‘A treatise on the blood, inflammation and gun-shot wounds.’” International Journal of Experimental Pathology 5 (6): 385–395.Google Scholar
Turner, Bryan. 1982a. “The government of the body: Medical regimens and the rationalization of diet.” The British Journal of Sociology 33 (2): 254–269.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1982b. “The discourse of diet.” Theory, Culture and Society 1 (1): 23–32.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Turner, David M. and Withey, Alun. 2014. “Technologies of the body: Polite consumption and the correction of deformity in eighteenth-century England.” History 99 (338): 775–796.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tyrkkö, Jukka. 2006a. “Tokens, signs, and symptoms: Signifier terms in medical texts from 1375 to 1725.” In Selected Proceedings of the 2005 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX), Roderick W. McConchie, Heli Tissari, Olga Timofeeva and Tanja Säily (eds), 155–165. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
. 2006b. “From tokens to symptoms: 300 years of developing discourse on medical diagnosis in English medical writing.” In Diachronic Perspectives on Domain-Specific English, Marina Dossena and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), 229–255. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
. 2010. “Sign terms in specific medical genres in early modern medical texts.” In Early Modern English Medical Texts: Corpus Description and Studies, Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 169–191. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
. 2017. “Discovering the past for yourself: Corpora, data-driven learning and the history of English.” In Approaches to Teaching History of the English Language: Pedagogy in Practice, Mary Hayes and Allison Burkette (eds), 141–157. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tyrkkö, Jukka, Hickey, Raymond and Marttila, Ville. 2010. “Exploring Early Modern English Medical Texts: Manual to EMEMT Presenter.” In Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta (eds), 221–279.Google Scholar
Tyrkkö, Jukka and Hiltunen, Turo. 2009. “Frequency of nominalization in Early Modern English medical writing.” In Corpora: Pragmatics and Discourse Papers from the 29th International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora (ICAME 29), Andreas H. Jucker, Daniel Schreier and Marianne Hundt (eds), 293–316. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Tyrkkö, Jukka and Nurmi, Arja. 2017. “Analysing multilingual practices in Late Modern English: Parameter selection and recursive partitioning in focus.” In Exploring Recent Diachrony: Corpus Studies of Lexicogrammar and Language Practices in Late Modern English, Sebastian Hoffmann, Andrea Sand and Sabine Arndt-Lappe (eds). Online: [URL].Google Scholar
van der Wal, Marijke J. and Rutten, Gijsbert. 2013. Touching the Past: Studies in the Historical Sociolinguistics of Ego-Documents. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Veatch, Robert M. [1989] 1997. “Medical ethics: An introduction.” In Medical Ethics, Robert M. Veatch (ed.), 1–28. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Google Scholar
Wagner, Peter. 1987. “The discourse on sex – or sex as discourse: Eighteenth-century medical and paramedical erotica.” In Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment, George Sebastian Rousseau and Roy Porter (eds), 46–68. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Wales, Katie. 1996. Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, Terry. 2003. “ You and thou in Early Modern English dialogues: Patterns of usage.” In Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 107], Irma Taavitsainen and Andreas H. Jucker (eds), 309–342. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wallace, Charles. 2003. “Eating and drinking with John Wesley: The logic of his practice.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 85 (2): 137–155.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Watts, Richard J. 2003. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2011. “A socio-cognitive approach to historical politeness.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 12 (1/2): 104–132. (Special issue, ed. Marcel Bax and Dániel Z. Kádár: Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness .)Google Scholar
Wear, Andrew. 1992. “The popularization of medicine in early modern England.” In Porter (ed.), 17–41.Google Scholar
. 2000. Knowledge and Practice in English Medicine, 1550–1680. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webster, Charles. 1975. The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine and Reform 1626–1660. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Werlich, Egon. 1983. A Text Grammar of English. Heidelberg: Quelle and Meyer.Google Scholar
Wild, Wayne. 2006. Medicine-By-Post: The Changing Voice of Illness in Eighteenth-Century British Consultation Letters and Literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Williamson, Stanley. 2007. The Vaccination Controversy: The Rise, Reign and Fall of Compulsory Vaccination for Smallpox. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Adrian. 1990. “The politics of medical improvement in Early Hanoverian London.” In The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century, Andre Cunningham and Roger French (eds), 4–39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1995. The Making of Midwifery: Childbirth in England, 1660–1770. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
. 1996. “Conflict, consensus and charity: Politics and the provincial voluntary hospitals in the eighteenth century.” English Historical Review 111 (442): 599–619.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Withey, Alun. 2011. Physick and the Family: Health, Medicine and Care in Wales. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
. 2013. “Crossing the boundaries: Domestic recipe collections in early modern Wales.” In Reading and Writing Recipe Books, 1550–1800, Michelle DiMeo and Sara Pennell (eds), 179–196. Manchester, UK; New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
. 2016b. Technology, Self-fashioning and Politeness in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Refined Bodies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Withington, Phil. 2010. Society in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Włodarzyck, Matylda and Taavitsainen, Irma. 2017. “Historical (socio)pragmatics at present.” Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18 (2): 159–174.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Woods, Robert and Galley, Chris. 2015. Mrs Stone & Dr Smellie: Eighteenth-Century Midwives and Their Patients. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wray, Alison. 2002. Formulaic Language and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zelle, Carsten. 2014. “Experiment, observation, self-observation. Empiricism and the ‘Reasonable Physicians’ of the Early Enlightenment.” In Medical Empiricism and Philosophy of Human Nature in the 17th and 18th Century, Claire Crignon, Carsten Zelle, and Nunzio Allocca (eds), 131–148. Special issue of Early Science and Medicine. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Zipf, George K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Cambridge, MA: Addison Wesley.Google Scholar