References
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
(2012) ACTFL proficiency guidelines. Retrieved from [URL]
(2012) Oral proficiency interview tester training manual. Alexandria, VA: ACTFL.Google Scholar
Al-Batal, M.
(2007) Arabic and national language educational policy. The Modern Language Journal, 91(2), 268–271. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alosh, M.
(1997) Learner, text, and context in foreign language acquisition: An Arabic perspective. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University National Foreign Language Resource Center.Google Scholar
(2009) The Arabic language continuum: At which point to start? NECTFL Review, 64, 53–58.Google Scholar
Canale, M.
(1980) Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1–47. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Celce-Murcia, M.
(Ed.) (1991) Teaching English as a second or foreign language (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.Google Scholar
Chouairi, R.
(2009) Arabic to where? Some problems that ail the Arabic teaching industry. NECTFL Review, 64, 35–48.Google Scholar
Council of Europe
(2001) Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A.
(1959) Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–340. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(1991) Diglossia revisited. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 10(1), 214–234.Google Scholar
Glisan, E. W., Swender, E., & Surface, E. A.
(2013) Oral proficiency standards and foreign language teacher candidates: Current findings and future research directions. Foreign Language Annals, 46(2), 264–289. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M
(2004) An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Hébert, L.
(2011) The functions of language. Signo [online]. Retrieved from [URL]
Husayn, T.
(1973) Al-majmūca al-kāmila li-mu’allafāt al-daktūr Taha Husayn [The complete works of Dr. Tāhā Hussein: The future of culture in Egypt]. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī.Google Scholar
Hymes, D.
(1977) Foundations in sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jakobson, R.
(1995) On language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, G. M., & Farrell, T. S. C
(2001) Paradigm shift: Understanding and implementing change in second language education. TESL-EJ, 5(1), 1–15.Google Scholar
Malone, M., Tschirner, E.
(2012) The impact of ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines on assessment and assessing foreign language skills in the US. retrieved from [URL]
McLoughlin, L. J.
(2009) The teaching of Arabic as a foreign language (TAFL) at tertiary level in the twenty-first century: Now where do we go? NECTFL Review, 64, 68–70.Google Scholar
Middleton, R.
(2002) Studying popular music. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.Google Scholar
National Science Foundation
(2008) Fostering learning in the networked world: The cyberlearning opportunity and challenge. A 21st century agenda for the National Science Foundation. Retrieved from [URL]
Norris, J. M., & Pfeiffer, P. C.
(2003) Exploring the uses and usefulness of ACTFL oral proficiency ratings and standards in college foreign language departments. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 572–581. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Qutb, S.
(1969) Naqd al-kitāb “mustaqbal al-thaqāfa fī misr” [Critique of the book: The future of culture in Egypt]. Jeddah: Dār al-Sucūdīyya li-l-Naŝr wa al-Tawzīc.Google Scholar
Richards, J. C.
(2013) Curriculum approaches in language teaching: Forward, central, and backward design. RELC Journal, 44(1), 5–33. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S.
(2001) Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rosen, L. D.
(2010) Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the way they learn. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ryding, K.
(2009) Educated spoken Arabic: A flexible spoken standard. NECTFL Review, 64, 49–52.Google Scholar
Stern, H. H.
(1983) Fundamental concepts of language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L.
(1978) Mind and society. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Widdowson, H. G.
(1978) Teaching language as communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Widdowson, H. G.
(1985) Explorations in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkins, D. A.
(1972) Linguistics in language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Younes, M.
(2009) The case for integration in the Arabic as a foreign language classroom. NECTFL Review, 64, 59–67.Google Scholar