Introduction

Chapter 1. How can perspectives from Applied Linguistic Historiography improve our understanding of innovation? 2

Part I.Product innovation

Chapter 2. Tart–scriblita–torta–torte–torta–tortilha A piece of cake! Acquiring lexis in R. John Andree’s (1725) A vocabulary, in six languages 24 Chapter 3. Teaching phraseology in the 19th century John Charles Tarver’s Royal Phraseological English–French, French–English Dictionary 43 Chapter 4. Innovation in monolingual English learner’s dictionaries A historical perspective 59

Part II.Innovation through scientific discovery

Chapter 5. La linguistique appliquée Innovation in language learning/teaching research in France (1955–85) 82 Chapter 6. Classroom-oriented teacher research in modern languages An innovation of the Reform Movement 104

Part III.Oscillations along a continuum

Chapter 7. Change without innovation? Language teaching in late 19th‑century Germany 122 Chapter 8. “Reflection on language” Innovation and tradition in ELT textbooks in Italy in the 1980s and 1990s 137

Part IV.Adaptation in specific contexts

Chapter 9. Describing and learning the Chinese languages Innovation in Western language pedagogical tools of the late Ming and late Qing periods 164 Chapter 10. Curriculum innovation through concept borrowing The case of “learner autonomy” in English language education in Chinese universities (1978–2007) 180 Chapter 11. Beyond written texts History as told by the objects of modern foreign language classes in a Brazilian school 199 Index