Part of
The Exploration of Multilingualism: Development of research on L3, multilingualism and multiple language acquisitionEdited by Larissa Aronin and Britta Hufeisen
[AILA Applied Linguistics Series 6] 2009
► pp. 11–26
Edited by Larissa Aronin and Britta Hufeisen
[AILA Applied Linguistics Series 6] 2009
► pp. 11–26
2. Defining multilingualism
Differing definitions of multilingualism arise on account of two related groups of reasons: those deriving from participants’ complex situation with regard to the nature of their use of various languages, and those deriving from researchers’ differing backgrounds, ideologies and purposes. Most psycholinguistic researchers define multilingualism as the use of three or more languages, but this entails defining what a language is, which can be problematic. Researchers need to decide on the degree of proficiency and functional capability multilinguals are required to have for a language to count in their study, and weigh up the implications of psycholinguistic (eg, mutual intelligibility and psychotypological perception), cultural, political, and affective criteria, together with literacy. Researchers should specify what they mean by ‘multilingual’.
Cited by
Cited by 43 other publications
Alharthi, Saleh Mosleh
2022. Multilingual La La land: language use in sixteen greater Los Angeles communities. International Journal of Multilingualism ► pp. 1 ff. 
Andreenkova, Anna V.
2018. How to Choose Interview Language in Different Countries. In Advances in Comparative Survey Methods, ► pp. 293 ff.
Bao, Dat & Phan Le Ha
2022. Multilingualism as Lived, Felt and Evolving through Dialogue and Melody of Life. In Multilingualism and Education, ► pp. 44 ff.
Benzehaf, Bouchaib
2021. Multilingualism and its role in identity construction: a study of English students’ perceptions. International Journal of Multilingualism ► pp. 1 ff.
Berisso Genemo, Tesso
2022. Multilingualism and Language Choice in Domains. In Multilingualism - Interdisciplinary Topics,
Bright, Peter, Julia Ouzia & Roberto Filippi
2019. Multilingualism and Metacognitive Processing. In The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Multilingualism, ► pp. 355 ff.
Butler, Yuko Goto
2012. Bilingualism/Multilingualism and Second‐Language Acquisition. In The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, ► pp. 109 ff.
Buğa, Duygu
2016. Central Language Hypothesis in the Decision-Making Process. In Neuroeconomics and the Decision-Making Process [Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, ], ► pp. 66 ff.
Calafato, Raees
2022. Fidelity to participants when researching multilingual language teachers: A systematic review. Review of Education 10:1
Cenoz, Jasone
2012. Multilingualism. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
2013. Defining Multilingualism. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 33 ► pp. 3 ff.
Chostelidou, Dora, Eleni Griva, Theodore Ioannidis & Eugenia Panitsidou
2012. Multilingual Learning for Specific Purposes: Identifying Language Strategies, Awareness and Preferences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ► pp. 1419 ff.
De Backer, Fauve, Judith Baele, Piet van Avermaet & Stef Slembrouck
2019. Pupils’ Perceptions on Accommodations in Multilingual Assessment of Science. Language Assessment Quarterly 16:4-5 ► pp. 426 ff.
De Backer, Fauve, Stef Slembrouck & Piet Van Avermaet
2019. Assessment accommodations for multilingual learners: pupils’ perceptions of fairness. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 40:9 ► pp. 833 ff.
Annick De Houwer & Lourdes Ortega
2018. The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingualism,
Edwards, Viv
2015. Literacy in Bilingual and Multilingual Education. In The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education, ► pp. 75 ff.
Efeoglu, Gulumser, H. Gülru Yüksel & Suat Baran
2020. Lexical cross-linguistic influence: a study of three multilingual learners of L3 English. International Journal of Multilingualism 17:4 ► pp. 535 ff.
Filippi, Roberto, Andrea Ceccolini, Eva Periche-Tomas & Peter Bright
2020. Developmental trajectories of metacognitive processing and executive function from childhood to older age. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73:11 ► pp. 1757 ff.
Furus, Javier
2017. The appearance of cross-linguistic influence in the speech of a multilingual child. EduLingua 3:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
Gabryś-Barker, Danuta
2014. Face to Face with One’s Thoughts: On Thinking Multilingually. In Essential Topics in Applied Linguistics and Multilingualism [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 185 ff.
Garibay, Cecilia & Steven Yalowitz
2015. Redefining Multilingualism in Museums: A Case for Broadening Our Thinking. Museums & Social Issues 10:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
Guzman-Orth, Danielle, Alexis A. Lopez & Florencia Tolentino
2017. A Framework for the Dual Language Assessment of Young Dual Language Learners in the United States. ETS Research Report Series 2017:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Haukås, Åsta
2015. A Comparison of L2 and L3 Learners’ Strategy Use in School Settings. The Canadian Modern Language Review 71:4 ► pp. 383 ff.
2016. Teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism and a multilingual pedagogical approach. International Journal of Multilingualism 13:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Jessner, Ulrike
2012. Complexity in Multilingual Systems. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
2012. Dynamics of Multilingualism. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Kim, Hoe Kyeung & Hyunhee Cho
2022. Transnational teacher educators’ critical reflection on multilingualism. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 19:3 ► pp. 264 ff.
Krawczyk-Neifar, Elżbieta
2017. Bilingual Teacher Training: Failure or Success? A Students’ and Teachers’ Perspective. In Multiculturalism, Multilingualism and the Self [Second Language Learning and Teaching, ], ► pp. 171 ff.
Lindgren, Eva, Asbjørg Westum, Hanna Outakoski & Kirk P.H. Sullivan
2017. Meaning-making across languages: a case study of three multilingual writers in Sápmi. International Journal of Multilingualism 14:2 ► pp. 124 ff.
Ljunggren, Åsa
2016. Multilingual Affordances in a Swedish Preschool: An Action Research Project. Early Childhood Education Journal 44:6 ► pp. 605 ff.
MacKenzie, Ian
2012. English as a lingua franca in Europe: bilingualism and multicompetence. International Journal of Multilingualism 9:1 ► pp. 83 ff.
MacSwan, Jeff
2017. A Multilingual Perspective on Translanguaging. American Educational Research Journal 54:1 ► pp. 167 ff.
Mitits, Lydia & Zoe Gavriilidou
2016. Exploring language learning strategy transfer between Greek L2 and English FL in case of early adolescent multilinguals. International Journal of Multilingualism 13:3 ► pp. 292 ff.
Otwinowska, Agnieszka
2014. Does multilingualism influence plurilingual awareness of Polish teachers of English?. International Journal of Multilingualism 11:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Peukert, Hagen
2015. Transfer effects in multilingual language development. In Transfer Effects in Multilingual Language Development [Hamburg Studies on Linguistic Diversity, 4], ► pp. 1 ff.
Prokhorova, Anna
2020. Multilingual Communicative Competence of Future Engineers: Essence, Structure, Content. In Integrating Engineering Education and Humanities for Global Intercultural Perspectives [Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 131], ► pp. 11 ff.
Rosenhouse, Judith
2012. Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Middle East and North Africa: A Focus on Cross‐National and Diglossic Bilingualism/Multilingualism. In The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, ► pp. 899 ff.
Rughoonundun-Chellapermal, Nita
2018. Autopsie de l’échec d’un projet d’éducation multilingue. Cahiers internationaux de sociolinguistique N° 12:2 ► pp. 155 ff.
Steffens, Marie
Stępkowska, Agnieszka
2021. Identity in the bilingual couple: Attitudes to language and culture. Open Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 223 ff.
Tang, Fei & Raees Calafato
2022. Transnational Multilingual Families in China: Multilingualism as Commodity, Conflict, and In-Betweenness. SAGE Open 12:1 ► pp. 215824402210821 ff.
Vetter, Eva & Ulrike Jessner
2019. Introduction: Advances in the Study of Third Language Acquisition and Multilingualism. In International Research on Multilingualism: Breaking with the Monolingual Perspective [Multilingual Education, 35], ► pp. 1 ff.
Öztekin, Elifcan & Gülcan Erçetin
2022. Metacognitive Awareness of Listening Strategies in Second and Third Language: The Role of Language Proficiency Across and Within Languages. International Journal of Listening 36:3 ► pp. 235 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 3 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.