Ahlqvist, Anders. 2010. Early English and Celtic. Australian Celtic Journal 9. 43–73.Google Scholar
Allen, Cynthia L. 1995. Case marking and reanalysis: Grammatical relations from Old to Early Modern English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
AND = Anglo Norman Dictionary (AND2 Online Edition). 2021. Aberystwyth University. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Anderson, Benedict. 1991[1983]. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
ARCHER = A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers, Version 3.3. 2016. Compiled by Douglas Biber & Edward Finegan (eds.). Consortium of fourteen universities. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Arnovick, Leslie K. 1999. Diachronic pragmatics: Seven case studies in English illocutionary development. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2006. Written reliquaries: The resonance of orality in medieval English texts (Pragmatics & Beyond 153). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
ASChart = Anglo-Saxon Charters. 2018. Compiled by Janet Nelson & Alex Burghart. King’s College London. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Ashdowne, Richard. 2020. -mannus makyth man(n)? Latin as an indirect source for English lexical history. In Laura Wright (ed.), The multilingual origins of Standard English, 411–441. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baker, John. 2019. An introduction to English legal history, 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bammesberger, Alfred. 1998. The Germanic preterite-present *ann/unn . NOWELE 34(1). 15–21. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Barrow, Julia. 2015. The clergy in the medieval world: Secular clerics, their families and careers in north-western Europe, c.800 – c.1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bately, Janet M. 1966. The Old English Orosius: The question of dictation. Anglia 84. 254–304. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2003. The Alfredian canon revisited: One hundred years on. In Timothy Reuter (ed.), Alfred the Great: Papers from the eleventh-centenary conferences, 107–120. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2009. Did King Alfred actually translate anything? The integrity of the Alfredian canon revisited. Medium Ævum 78. 189–215. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bates, David (ed.). 1998. Regesta regum anglo-normannorum: The acta of William I, 1066–1087. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Baxter, Stephen. 2011. The making of Domesday Book and the languages of lordship. In Elizabeth M. Tyler (ed.), Conceptualizing multilingualism in Medieval England, c.800 – c.1250 (Studies in the Early Middle Ages 27), 271–308. Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baxter, Stephen & C. P. Lewis. 2017. Domesday Book and the transformation of English landed society, 1066–86. Anglo-Saxon England 46. 343–403. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bergs, Alexander. 2005. Social network analysis and historical sociolinguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. The uniformitarian principle and the risk of anachronisms in language and social history. In Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy & Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre (eds.), The handbook of historical sociolinguistics, 80–99. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bethurum, Dorothy. 1932. Stylistic features of the Old English laws. Modern Language Review 27. 263–279. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, Douglas. 2001. Dimensions of variation among 18th-century registers. In Hans-Jürgen Diller & Manfred Görlach (eds.), Towards a history of English as a history of genres, 89–109. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas & Edward Finegan. 2013. A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers (ARCHER). Version 3.2. Consortium of fourteen universities. [URL]. (10 December 2021).Google Scholar
Bishop, T. A. M. & Pierre Chaplais (eds.). 1957. Facsimiles of English royal writs to A.D. 1100, presented to Vivian Hunter Galbraith. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bolton, Whitney F. 1967. A history of Anglo-Latin literature, vol. 1, 597–740. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bredehoft, Thomas A. 2009. Authors, audiences, and Old English verse. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bremmer, Rolf. 2014. The orality of Old Frisian law texts. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 73(1). 1–48. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
British Library. Digitised Manuscripts. 2021. The British Library Board. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Britt, Brian. 2007. Ethnic curses as ‘last resort of the weak’ in Genesis 9:18–28 and Joshua 9:22–27. In Alexandra Cuffel & Brian Britt (eds.), Religion, gender, and culture in the pre-modern world, 25–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brooks, Nicholas. 2010. Why is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle about kings? Anglo-Saxon England 39. 43–70. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Brooks, N. P. & S. E. Kelly (eds.). 2013. Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, 2 vols, Anglo-Saxon Charters 18. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Michelle P. 2003. The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, spirituality and the scribe. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
BT = Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary online. 2014. Compiled by Joseph Bosworth, Thomas Northcote Toller, Christ Sean, & Ondřej Tichy. Prague: Charles University. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Burton, Jane. 2004. Gerard (d. 1108). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Campbell, A. 1959. Old English grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
(ed.). 1973 Charters of Rochester, Anglo-Saxon Charters 1. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, James. 2000. The Anglo-Saxon state. London/New York: Hambledon & London.Google Scholar
CEECS = Corpus of Early English Correspondence Sampler. 1998. Compiled by Terttu Nevalainen, Helena Raumolin-Brunberg, Jukka Keränen, Minna Nevala, Arja Nurmi & Minna Palander-Collin. University of Helsinki. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Chaplais, Pierre. 1971. English royal documents: King John – Henry VI, 1199–1461. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
. 2003. English diplomatic practice in the Middle Ages. London/New York: Hambledon & London.Google Scholar
Clanchy, Michael. 2012. From memory to written record: England 1066–1309, 3rd edn. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Claridge, Claudia. 2017a. Discourse-based approaches. In Laurel J. Brinton (ed.), English historical linguistics: Approaches and perspectives, 185–217. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017b. Styles, registers, genres, text types. In Laurel J. Brinton & Alexander Bergs (eds.), The history of English, vol. 1, Historical outlines from sound to text, 218–237. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Clark, Cecily. 1992a. Onomastics. In Richard M. Hogg (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language, vol. 1, The beginnings to 1066, 452–489. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1992b. Onomastics. In Norman Blake (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language, vol. 2, 1066–1476, 542–606. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Clayton, Mary. 1996. Hermits and the contemplative life in Anglo-Saxon England. In Paul E. Szarmach (ed.), Holy men and holy women: Old English prose saints’ lives and their contexts, 147–175. New York: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
COERP = Corpus of English Religious Prose. 2003. Compiled by Thomas Kohnen, Tanja Rütten, Ingvilt Marcoe, et al. University of Cologne. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Colman, Fran. 2014. The grammar of names in Anglo-Saxon England: The linguistics and culture of the Old English onomasticon. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Crook, John. 1994. A worthy antiquity: The movement of King Cnut’s bones in Winchester Cathedral. In Alexander Rumble (ed.), The reign of Cnut, king of England, Denmark and Norway, 165–192. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Cubitt, Catherine. 2009. Ælfric’s lay patrons. In Hugh Magennis & Mary Swan (eds.), A companion to Ælfric (Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 18), 165–191. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Culpeper, Jonathan & Merja Kytö. 2010. Early Modern English dialogues: Spoken interaction as writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cumberledge, Nicola. 2002. Reading between the lines: The place of Mercia within an expanding Wessex. Midland History 27. 1–15. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dance, Richard. 2003. Words derived from Old Norse in early Middle English: Studies in the vocabulary of the South-West Midland texts (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 246). Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.Google Scholar
. 2011. “Tomarȝan hit is awane”: Words derived from Old Norse in four Lambeth homilies. In Jacek Fisiak & Magdalena Bator Foreign influences on medieval English (Studies in English Medieval Language & Literature 28), 77–127. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Danet, Brenda & Bryna Bogoch. 1992. ‘Whoever alters this may God turn his face from him on the day of judgment’: Curses in Anglo-Saxon legal documents. Journal of American Folklore 105. 132–165. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1994. Orality, literacy, and performativity in Anglo-Saxon wills. In John Gibbons (ed.), Language and the law, 100–135. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Darby, Henry Clifford. 1977. Domesday England. The Domesday geography of England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DEEDS = Documents of Early England data set. 2013. University of Toronto. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Diller, Hans-Jürgen. 2001. Genre in linguistic and related discourse. In Hans-Jürgen Diller & Manfred Görlach (eds.), Towards a history of English as a history of genres, 3–43. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Diller, Hans-Jürgen & Manfred Görlach (eds.). 2001. Towards a history of English as a history of genres. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Discenza, Nicole & Paul Szarmach (eds.). 2014. A companion to Alfred the Great (Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 58). Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Dittmar, Norbert. 1997. Grundlagen der Soziolinguistik. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.Google Scholar
DMLBS = Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources. 2012. Compiled by Richard Ashdowne, David Howlett & Ronald Edward Latham. University of Oxford. [URL] / [URL] (21 June 2021).
Dobson, E. J. 1976. The origins of Ancrene Wisse. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
DOE = Dictionary of Old English: A to I. 2018. Compiled by Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey et al. University of Toronto. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
DOEC = The Dictionary of Old English Corpus in Electronic Form. 2009. Compiled by Antonette diPaolo Healey, with John Price Wilkin & Xin Xiang. University of Toronto. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Drout, Michael. 2000. Anglo-Saxon wills and the inheritance of tradition in the English Benedictine reform. Selim 10. 5–53. DOI logo (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Dumville, David N. 1994. English libraries before 1066: Use and abuse of the manuscript evidence. In Mary P. Richards (ed.), Anglo-Saxon manuscripts: Basic readings, 169–219. London: Garland.Google Scholar
Duszak, Anna (ed.). 2002. Us and others: Social identities across languages, discourses and cultures. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Early English Laws. 2021. Compiled by Jane Winters, Bruce O’Brien, Paul Spence, Eleonora Litta Modignani Picozzi & Elena Pierazzo. Institute of Historical Research of the University of London & Department of Digital Humanities at King’s College London. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Eckert, Penelope. 2006. Communities of practice. In Keith Brown (ed.), The encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 2nd edn., 683–685. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
EXON. The Domesday Survey of SW England. 2018. Edited by P.A. Stokes, Studies in Domesday, gen ed. J. Crick. London. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Fenton, Albert. 2021. Royal authority, regional integrity: The function and use of Anglo-Saxon writ formulae. In Robert Gallagher, Edward Roberts & Francesca Tinti (eds.), The language of early medieval charters: Latin, Germanic vernaculars, and the written word, 412–439. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Feulner, Anna Helene. 2000. Die griechischen Lehnwörter im Altenglischen (Münchener Universitäts-Schriften. Texte und Untersuchungen zur Englischen Philologie 21). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Filppula, Markku. 2003. More on the English progressive and the Celtic connection. In Hildegard Tristram (ed.), The Celtic Englishes, 150–168. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
. 2009. The rise of it-clefting in English: Areal typological and contact-linguistic considerations. English Language & Linguistics 13(2). 267–293. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Filppula, Markku, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto. 2008. English and Celtic in contact. New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(eds.). 2009. Vernacular universals and language contacts: Evidence from varieties of English and beyond. New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Filppula, Markku & Juhani Klemola (eds.). 2009. Re-evaluation the Celtic hypothesis. Special issue of English Language & Linguistics 13(2).Google Scholar
. 2014. Celtic influences in English: A re-evaluation. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 115(1). 33–53.Google Scholar
Fisher, John, Malcolm Richardson & Jane L. Fisher (eds.). 1984. An anthology of Chancery English. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.Google Scholar
Fitzmaurice, Susan. 2000. Coalitions and the investigation of social influence in linguistic history. European Journal of English Studies 4(3). 265–276. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010. Coalitions, networks, and discourse communities in Augustan England: The spectator and the early eighteenth-century essay. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), Eighteenth-century English: Ideology and change, 106–132. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Foot, Sarah. 1996. The making of Angelcynn: English identity before the Norman Conquest. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 6, 25–49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Frank, Roberta. 1993. The search for the Anglo-Saxon oral poet. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75. 11–36. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fulk, Robert D. 2017. Literary language. In Laurel J. Brinton & Alexander Bergs (eds.), The history of English, vol. 2, Old English, 236–253. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Fulk, Robert D., Robert E. Bjork & John D. Niles (eds.). 2008. Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight of Finnsburg edited with introduction, commentary, appendices, glossary, and bibliography, with a foreword by Helen Damico . Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Robert & Francesca Tinti. 2017. Latin, Old English and documentary practice at Worcester from Wærferth to Oswald. Anglo-Saxon England 46. 271–325. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, Robert, Edward Roberts & Francesca Tinti (eds.). 2021. The languages of early medieval charters: Latin, Germanic vernaculars, and the written word. Leiden/Boston: Brill. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gautier, Alban. 2017. Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: Household officers at the royal table. Historical Research 90 (248). 269–295. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gneuss, Helmut. 1955. Lehnbildungen und Lehnbedeutungen im Altenglischen. Berlin: Erich Schmidt.Google Scholar
. 1968. Hymnar und Hymnen im englischen Mittelalter: Studien zur Überlieferung, Glossierung und Übersetzung lateinischer Hymnen in England. Mit einer Textausgabe der lateinisch-altenglischen Expositio Hymnorum. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1972. The origin of Standard Old English and Æthelwold’s school at Winchester. Anglo-Saxon England 1. 63–83. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1993. Anglicae linguae interpretatio: Language contact, lexical borrowing and glossing in Anglo-Saxon England. Proceedings of the British Academy 82. 107–148.Google Scholar
Godden, Malcolm. 1978. Aelfric and the vernacular prose tradition. In Paul E. Szarmach & Bernard F. Huppé (eds.), The Old English homily and its backgrounds, 99–117. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Godden, Malcom. 1980. Ælfric’s changing vocabulary. English Studies 61(3). 206–223. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Godden, Malcolm. 2004. The translations of Alfred and his circle and the misappropriation of the past. H.M. Chadwick Memorial Lectures 14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2007. Did King Alfred write anything? Medium Ævum 76. 1–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. Ælfric and the Alfredian precedents. In Hugh Magennis & Mary Swan (eds.), A companion to Ælfric, 139–63. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Görlach, Manfred. 2001. A history of text types: A componential analysis. In Hans-Jürgen Diller & Manfred Görlach (eds.), Towards a history of English as a history of genres, 47–88. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
. 2004. Text types and the history of English. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Green, Thomas. 2012. Britons and Anglo-Saxons: Lincolnshire AD 400–650 (Studies in the History of Lincolnshire 3). Lincoln: History of Lincolnshire Committee.Google Scholar
Gretsch, Mechthild. 1999. The intellectual foundations of the English Benedictine Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001. Winchester vocabulary and standard Old English: The vernacular in Late Anglo-Saxon England. The T.N. Toller Memorial Lecture 2000. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 83. 41–87. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2003. In search of Standard Old English. In Lucia Kornexl & Ursula Lenker (eds.), Bookmarks from the Past: Studies in Early English language and literature in Honour of Helmut Gneuss, 33–67. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar
. 2006. A key to Ælfric’s Standard Old English. In Mary Swan (ed.), Essays for Joyce Hill on her sixtieth birthday, 161–177. Leeds: Leeds University Press.Google Scholar
. 2009. Ælfric, language and Winchester. In Hugh Magennis & Mary Sawn (eds.), A compation to Ælfric, 109–137. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Hagger, Mark. 2009. The earliest Norman writs revisited. Historical Research 82(216). 181–205. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Halsall, Guy. 2005 The sources and their interpretation. In Paul Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1 c.500 – c.700, 56–90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harmer, Florence E. (ed. & trans.) 1952. Anglo-Saxon writs. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
(ed. & trans.) 2011 [1914]. Select English historical documents of the ninth and tenth centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, Cyril R. 1966. The early charters of eastern England. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
1992. The Danelaw. London/Rio Grande: Hambledon Press.Google Scholar
Helsinki Corpus, TEI XML Edition. 2011. Compiled by Alpo Honkapohja, Samuli Kaislaniemi, Henri Kauhanen, Matti Kilpiö, Ville Marttila, Terttu Nevalainen, Arja Nurmi, Matti Rissanen & Jukka Tyrkkö. University of Helsinki. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Herren, Michael W. & Hans Sauer. 2016. Towards a new edition of the Épinal-Erfurt Glossary: A sample. The Journal of Medieval Latin 26. 125–198. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Hill, Joyce. 2009. Ælfric: His life and works. In Hugh Magennis & Mary Swan (eds.), Companion to Ælfric (Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 18), 35–65. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Hiltunen, Risto. 1990. Chapters on legal English: Aspects past and present of the language of the law. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.Google Scholar
Hines, John. 2020. The Anglo-Saxon period: Histories and metahistory. Ordinary Meeting of Fellows Lecture. The Society of Antiquaries of London. 12 November 2020, [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Hofstetter, Walter. 1987. Winchester und der spätaltenglische Sprachgebrauch. Untersuchungen zu geographischen und zeitlichen Verbreitung altenglischer Synonyme. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar
. 1988. Winchester and the standardization of Old English vocabulary. Anglo-Saxon England 17. 139–161. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hogg, Richard. 2006. Old English dialectology. In Ans van Kemenade & Bettelou Los (eds.), The handbook of the history of English. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hull Domesday Project. 2010. Compiled by John Palmer et al. University of Hull. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Huppé, Bernard F. 1978. Alfred and Aelfric: A study of two prefaces. In Paul E. Szarmach & Bernard F. Huppé (eds.), The Old English homily and its backgrounds, 119–137. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Ingham, Richard. 2009. Mixing languages on the manor. Medium Ævum 78(1). 80–97. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. The transmission of Anglo-Norman: Language history and language acquisition. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2015. The maintenance of French in later medieval England. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 115(4). 623–645.Google Scholar
Ingham, Richard & Imogen Marcus. 2016. Vernacular bilingualism in professional spaces, 1200 to 1400. In Albrecht Classen (ed.), Multilingualism in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age: Communication and miscommunication in the premodern world, 145–164. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ingham, Richard, Louise Sylvester & Imogen Marcus. 2019. Penetration of French-origin lexis in Middle English occupational domains. In Michela Cennamo & Claudia Fabrizio (eds.), Historical Linguistics 2015: Selected papers from the 22nd International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Naples, July 2015, 460–478. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Insley, Charles. 1998. Charters and episcopal scriptoria in the Anglo-Saxon South-West. Early Medieval Europe 7(2). 173–197. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2011. Rhetoric and ritual in late Anglo-Saxon charters. In Marco Mostert & P. S. Barnwell (eds.), Medieval legal process: Physical, spoken and written performance in the Middle Ages, 109–121. Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Irvine, Susan (ed.). 2004. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A collaborative edition, vol. 7, MS E. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.Google Scholar
. 2014a. The Alfredian prefaces and epilogues. In Nicole Guenther Discenza & Paul E. Szarmach (eds.), A companion to Alfred the Great, 143–170. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
. 2014b. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. In Nicole Guenther Discenza & Paul E. Szarmach (eds.), A companion to Alfred the Great, 344–367. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Jauss, Hans Robert. 1970. Literary history as a challenge to literary theory. New Literary History 2(1). 7–37. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jucker, Andreas H. & Irma Taavitsainen. 2000. Diachronic speech act analysis: Insults from flyting to flaming. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1(1). 67–95. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Keefer, Sarah Larratt. 2007. Use of manuscript space for design, image and text in liturgical books owned by the community of St Cuthbert. In Sarah Larratt Keefer & Rolf H. Bremmer Jr. (eds.), Signs on the edge: Space, text and margin in medieval manuscripts, 85–115. Leiden: Peeters.Google Scholar
Kelly, Susan. 1990. Anglo-Saxon lay society and the written word. In Rosamond McKitterick (ed.), The uses of literacy in early medieval Europe, 36–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. E. (ed.). 2004. Charters of St Paul’s, London, Anglo-Saxon Charters 10. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(ed.). 2007. Charters of Bath and Wells, Anglo-Saxon Charters 13. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ker, N. R. 1957. Catalogue of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon. 1980. The diplomas of King Æthelred ‘the Unready’, 978–1016: A study of their use as historical evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1988. Regenbald the Chancellor (sic). Anglo-Normal Studies 10. 185–222.Google Scholar
. 1990. Royal government and the written word in late Anglo-Saxon England. In Rosamond McKitterick (ed.), The uses of literacy in early medieval Europe, 226–257. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1994. The West Saxon charters of King Æthelwulf and his sons. English Historical Review 109 (434). 1109–1149. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1998a. Introduction to the 1998 reprint: Queen Emma and the Encomium Emmae Reginae . In Alistair Campbell (ed.), Encomium Emmae Reginae, xiii–lxxxvii. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1998b. King Alfred and the Mercians. In Mark A. S. Blackburn & David N. Dumville (eds.), Kings, currency and alliances: History and coinage of Southern England in the ninth century, 1–45. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
. 2013. Church councils, royal assemblies, and Anglo-Saxon royal diplomas. In Gale R. Owen-Crocker & Brian W. Schneider (eds.), Kingship, legislation and power in Anglo-Saxon England, 17–182. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon & Michael Lapidge. 1983. Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Kibbee, Douglas A. 1991. For to speke Frenche trewely: The French language in England, 1000–1600: Its status, description, and instruction (Studies in the History of the Language Sciences 60). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kiernan, Kevin. 1986. The legacy of Wiglaf: Saving a wounded Beowulf. The Kentucky Review 6(2), 27–44.Google Scholar
Kilpiö, Matti. 1989. Passive constructions in Old English translations from Latin, with special reference to the OE Bede and the Pastoral Care (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 49). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
Kohnen, Thomas. 2000. Explicit performatives in Old English: A corpus-based study of directives. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1. 301–321. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001. Text types as catalysts for language change: The example of the adverbial first participle construction. In Hans-Jürgen Diller & Manfred Görlach (eds.), Towards a history of English as a history of genres, 111–124. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
. 2008a. Directives in Old English: Beyond politeness. In Andreas H. Jucker & Irma Taavitsainen (eds.), Speech acts in the history of English, 27–44. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2008b. Linguistic politeness in Anglo-Saxon England? A study of Old English address terms. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 9(1). 140–158. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. Historical text linguistics: Investigating language change in texts and genres. In Hans Sauer & Gaby Waxenberger (eds.), English historical linguistics: Selected papers from the fifteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL), Munich, 24–30 August 2008, vol. 2, Words, texts and genres , 165–188. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017a. Anglo Saxon expressives: Automatic historical speech-act analysis and philological intervention. Anglistik 28(1). 43–56.Google Scholar
. 2017b. Non-canonical speech acts in the history of English. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 63(2). 303–318. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Konshuh, Courtnay. 2015. Fighting with a lytle werode: Alfred’s retinue in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . The Medieval Chronicle 10. 95–117.Google Scholar
Kopaczyk, Joanna. 2013. The legal language of Scottish burghs: Standardization and lexical bundles. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kytö, Merja & Matti Rissanen. 2011. General introduction. XML Helsinki Corpus Browser. [URL]. (21 June 2020).Google Scholar
Kytö, Merja & Erik Smitterberg. 2015. Diachronic registers. In Douglas Biber & Randi Reppen (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of English corpus linguistics, 330–345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change: Vol. 2, social factors (Language in Society 29). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
LAEME = Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150 to 1325. Compiled by Margaret Laing. Version 3.2, 2013. Edinburgh. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Laker, Stephen. 2009. An explanation for the early phonemicisation of a voice contrast in English fricatives. English Language & Linguistics 13(2). 213–226. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2018. Celtic influence on Old English vowels: A review of the phonological and phonetic evidence. English Language & Linguistics 23(3). 591–620. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lange, Claudia. 2012. Text types, language change, and historical corpus linguistics. In Claudia Lange, Beatrice Weber & Göran Wolf (eds.), Communicative spaces: Variation, contact, and change. Papers in honour of Ursula Schaefer, 401–416. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
LangScape = The language of landscape: Reading the Anglo-Saxon countryside, Version 0.9. 2008. Compiled by Jane Nelson, Joy Jenkyns & Peter Stores. King’s College London. [URL]. (21 June 2020).
Lanham, Carol D. 1975. Salutatio formulae in Latin letters to 1200: Syntax, style, and theory (Münchener Beiträge zur Mediävistik und Renaissance-Forschung 22). Munich: Arbeo Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael. 1996 [1986]. The school of Theodore and Hadrian. In Anglo-Latin Literature, 600–899, 141–168. London: Hambledon Press.Google Scholar
. 2004. Dunstan [St Dunstan] (d. 988). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. DOI logo. (21 June 2020).Google Scholar
. 2007. The Career of Aldhelm. Anglo-Saxon England 36. 15–69. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2008. Scholars at King Alfred’s court (act. 880–899). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. DOI logo. (21 June 2020).Google Scholar
Lawson, Michael K. 1993. Cnut: The Danes in England in the early eleventh century. London/New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Leith, Dick. 1983. A social history of English. London/New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Lenker, Ursula. 2000. The monasteries of the Benedictine Reform and the ‘Winchester School’: Model cases of social networks in Anglo-Saxon England? European Journal of English Studies 4(3). 225–238. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017. Pragmatics and discourse. In Laurel J. Brinton & Alexander Bergs (eds.), The history of English, vol. 2, Old English, 140–159. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Leonhardt, Jürgen. 2013. Latin: Story of a world language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lestremau, Arnaud. 2018. Donner sens au nom de personne dans le royaume Anglo-Saxon (Xe – XIe siècles): Essai d’histoire sociale (Collection Haut Moyen Âge 35). Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Liebermann, Felix (ed.). 1903–1916. Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, 3 vols. Halle: Max Niemeyer.
LLT – A = Library of Latin Texts. Series A. 2005. BREPOLiS. Turnhout: Brepols. [URL]. (21 December 2020).
Löfstedt, Leena. 2014. Notes on the beginnings of Law French. Romance Philology 68(2). 285–337. DOI logo. (21 June 2020).Google Scholar
Lowe, Kathryn A. 1991. Swutelung/Swutelian and the dating of an Old English charter (Sawyer 1524). Notes & Queries (new series) 38. 450–452.Google Scholar
1998. The nature and effect of the vernacular will. Legal History 19(1). 23–61. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2001. On the plausibility of Old English dialectology: The ninth-century Kentish charter material. Folia Linguistica Historica 22(1–2). 67–102. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Loyn, H. R. 1963. Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
1988. William’s bishops: Some further thoughts. Anglo-Normal Studies 10. 223–235.Google Scholar
Lusignan, Serge. 2004. La langue de rois au Moyen Âge en France et en Angleterre. Le français en France et en Angleterre. Paris: Presse Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Lutz, Angelika. 2009. Celtic influence on Old English and West Germanic. In Markku Filppula & Juhani Klemola (eds.), Re-evaluating the Celtic hypothesis. Special issue of English Language & Linguistics 13(2). 227–249. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Maitland, Frederic W. 1987 [1897]. Domesday Book and beyond. Three essays in the early history of England. Foreword by J. C. Holt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mäkinen, Martti. 2020. Grouping and regrouping Middle English documents. In Merja Stenroos & Kjetil V. Thengs (eds.), Records of real people: Linguistic variation in Middle English local documents (Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics 11). 23–35. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Marafioti, Nicole. 2014. The king’s body: Burial and succession in late Anglo-Saxon England. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Matras, Yaron. 2009. Language contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Matthews, Keith J. 1995. St Plegmund’s Well: An archaeological and historical survey. Chester: Chester City Council.Google Scholar
McColl Millar, Robert. 2012. English historical sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016. Contact: The interaction of closely related linguistic varieties and the history of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
McWhorter, John. 2002. What happened to English? Diachronica 19. 217–272. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. What else happened to English? A brief for the Celtic hypothesis. English Language & Linguistics 13(2). 163–191. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
MED = Middle English Dictionary online. 2013. Compiled by Frances McSparran et al. University of Michigan. [URL]. (21 June 2020).
MELD = A Corpus of Middle English local documents, Version 2017.1. December 2020. Compiled by Merja Stenroos, Kjetil V. Thengs & Geir Berstrøm. University of Stavanger. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2002. Communities of practice. In J. K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change, 526–548. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Milroy, Lesley. 1987. Language and social networks (Language in Society 2), 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Milroy, Lesley & Carmen Llamas. 2013. Social networks. In Jack K. Chambers & Natalie Schilling (eds.), The handbook of language variation and change, 2nd edn. 409–427. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy. 1992. Speaker innovation and linguistic change. In James Milroy (ed.), Linguistic variation and change: On the historical sociolinguistics of English, 176–191. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Bruce. 1985. Old English syntax, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Moessner, Lilo (ed.). 2001. Special Issue of European Journal of English Studies 5(2).Google Scholar
. 2018. Old English wills: A genre study. In Peter Petré, Hubert Cuyckens & Frauke D’hoedt (eds.), Sociocultural dimensions of lexis and text in the history of English (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 343), 103–124. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Molyneaux, George. 2015. The formation of the English kingdom in the tenth century. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Monk, Chris. 2018. King Æthelberht grants land in Rochester to the church of St Andrew, Textus Roffensis, ff. 119r – 119v. Rochester: Rochester Cathedral Research Guild. [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Mustanoja. Tauno. 1960. A Middle English syntax, part 1: Parts of speech (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 23). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
Mustanoja, Tauno. 2016. A Middle English syntax: Part of speech. With an introduction by Elly van Gelderen. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Naismith, Rory. 2012. Money and power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English kingdoms 757–865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2019. Citadel of the Saxons: The rise of early London. London: Tauris. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nevalainen, Terttu. 1996. Social stratification. In Terttu Nevalainen & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg (eds), Sociolinguistics and language history: Studies based on the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. 57–76. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
. 2012. New perspectives, theories and methods: Historical sociolinguistics. In Bergs Alexander & Laurel J. Brinton (eds.). English historical linguistics: An international handbook, vol. 34(2), 1438–1457. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nevalainen et al.. 1998. (See CEECS).Google Scholar
Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. 2017. Historical sociolinguistics: Language change in Tudor and Stuart England, 2nd edn. London: Longman.Google Scholar
O’Brien, Bruce R. 2011. Translating technical terms in law-codes from Alfred to the Angevins. In Elizabeth M. Tyler (ed.). Conceptualizing multilingualism in Medieval England, c.800 – c.1250. 57–76. Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
O’Donovan, M. A. (ed.). 1988. Charters of Sherborne, Anglo-Saxon Charters 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
OED = Oxford English Dictionary online. 2021. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Okasha, Elisabeth. 1971. Hand-list of Anglo-Saxon non-runic inscriptions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2011. Women’s names in Old English. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Oliver, Lisi. 2002. The beginnings of English law. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2013. Legal documentations and the practice of English law. In Clare A. Lees (ed.), The Cambridge history of early medieval English literature, 499–529. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Open Domesday. 2011. Compiled by Anna Powell-Smith & J.J.N Palmer. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Orchard, Andy. 1994. The poetic art of Aldhelm (Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England 8). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2014. Old English and Anglo-Latin: The odd couple. In Robert DeMaria, Jr., Heesok Chang & Samantha Zacher (eds.), A companion to British literature, vol 1, Medieval literature 700–1450 , 273–292. Malden/Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Oxford DNB = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online. Oxford University Press. [URL] (21 June 2021).
Page, Raymond Ian. 1999. An introduction to English runes, 2nd edn. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
PASE = Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England. 2010. [URL] (21 June 2021).
Pelteret, David A. E. 1995. Slavery in early medieval England: From the reign of Alfred until the twelfth century. Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell & Brewer.Google Scholar
Pfaff, Richard W. 2004. Grimbald [St Grimbald] (d. 901?). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Pons-Sanz, Sara M. 2007. Norse-derived vocabulary in late Old English texts: Wulfstan’s works, a case study (NOWELE Supplement Series 22). Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2013. The lexical effects of Anglo-Scandinavian linguistic contact on Old English (Studies in the Early Middle Ages 1). Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Poole, Austin Lane. 1955. From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, The Oxford History of England, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Poplack, Shana. 2018. Borrowing: Loanwords in the speech community and in the grammar. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pratt, David. 2007. The political thought of King Alfred the Great. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Preston, Dennis R. 1987. Domain-, role- or network-specific use of language. In Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar & Klaus J. Mattheier (eds.), Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik: An international handbook of the science of language and society, vol. 3.1, 690–699. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pulsiano, Phillip & Joseph McGowan. 1990. Fyrd, here and the dating of Beowulf. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 23. 3–13.Google Scholar
Richards, Mary P. 1997. Anglo-Saxonism in the Old English laws. In Allen J. Frantzen & John D. Niles (eds.), Anglo-Saxonism and the construction of social identity, 40–59. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
2014. The laws of Alfred and Ine. In Nicole Guenther Discenza & Paul E. Szarmach (eds.), A companion to Alfred the Great, 282–309. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Ridealgh, Kim & Andreas Jucker. 2019. Late Egyptian, Old English and the re-evaluation of Discernment politeness in remote cultures. Journal of Pragmatics 144. 56–66. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A. J. (ed. & trans.). 2009 [1956]. Anglo-Saxon charters, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roffe, David. 2007. Decoding Domesday. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.Google Scholar
Rothwell, William. 1983. Language and government in medieval England. Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur 93. 256–270.Google Scholar
1998a. Anglo-Norman at the (Green)grocer’s. French Studies 52. 1–16. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1998b. Arrivals and departures: The adoption of French terminology into Middle English. English Studies 79. 144–165. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2001. Stratford Atte Bowe re-visited. The Chaucer Review. A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary Criticism 36(2). 184–207. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rowley, Sharon M. 2011. The Old English version of Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.Google Scholar
Russell, Josiah C. 1944. The clerical population of medieval England, Traditio 2. 177–212. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Russell, Paul. 2011. Revisiting the ‘Welsh dictator’ of the Old English Orosius. Quaestio Insularis 12. 31–62.Google Scholar
Rutten, Gijsbert & Marijke J. van der Wal. 2014. Letters as Loot: A sociolinguistic approach to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Dutch (Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics 2). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sairio, Anni. 2009. Language and letters of the Bluestocking Network: Sociolinguistic issues in eighteenth-century English. Ph.D. dissertation, (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 75). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Peter Hayes. 1968. Anglo-Saxon charters: An annotated list and bibliography. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.Google Scholar
Schendl, Herbert. 2004. ‘Hec sunt prata to wassingwellan’: Aspects of code-switching in Old English charters. VIEWS 13(2). 52–68.Google Scholar
. 2011. Beyond boundaries: Code-switching in the leases of Oswald of Worcester. In Herbert Schendl & Laura Wright (eds.), Code-switching in early English, 47–94. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schreiber, Carolin. 2014. Searoðonca hord: Alfred’s translation of Gregory the Great’s Regula pastoralis . In Nicole Guenther Discenza & Paul E. Szarmach (eds.), A companion to Alfred the Great, 171–199. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Schrijver, Peter. 2002. The rise and fall of British Latin: Evidence from English and Brittonic. In Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola & Heli Pitkänen (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 87–110. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.Google Scholar
. 2009. Celtic influence on Old English: Phonological and phonetic evidence. English Language & Linguistics 13(2). 193–211. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Schulte, Michael. 2015. Runology and historical sociolinguistics: On runic writing and its social history in the first millennium. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1(1). 87–110. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Scott, James C. 1986. Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press. [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Seebold, Elmar. 1989. Winchester und Canterbury: Zum spätenglischen Sprachgebrauch. Anglia 107. 52–60.Google Scholar
Seiler, Annina. 2014. The scripting of the Germanic languages: A comparative study of “spelling difficulties” in Old English, Old High German and Old Saxon. (Medienwandel – Medienwechsel – Medienwissen 30). Zurich: Chronos.Google Scholar
Sharpe, Richard. 2003. The use of writs in the eleventh century. Anglo-Saxon England 32. 247–291. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, Michael M. 1963. The will in medieval England. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies.Google Scholar
Short, Ian. 2007. Manual of Anglo-Norman (ANTS publications occasional series 7). London: Anglo-Norman Text Society.Google Scholar
Skaffari, Janne. 2009. Studies in Early Middle English loanwords: Norse and French influences. Turku: University of Turku.Google Scholar
Smart, Veronica. 1986. Scandinavians, Celts, and Germans in Anglo-Saxon England: The evidence of moneyers’ names. In Mark A. S. Blackburn (ed.), Anglo-Saxon monetary history: Essays in memory of Michael Dolley, 171–184. Leicester: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Snook, Ben. 2015. The Anglo-Saxon chancery: The history, language and production of Anglo-Saxon charters from Alfred to Edgar. Woodridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Stafford, Pauline. 1997. The powers of the queen in the eleventh century. In Anne Duggan (ed.), Queens and queenship in medieval Europe, 3–26. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
. 2001. Queen Emma and Queen Edith. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
. 2004. Ælfgifu (fl. 956–966), consort of King Eadwig. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Stanley, E. G. 2017. The Lindisfarne Gospels: Aldreds’s gloss. For God and St Cuthbert and all the Saints together who are in the island. In Richard Gameson (ed.), The Lindisfarne Gospels: New perspectives (Library of the Written Word 57), 206–217. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Stenroos, Merja & Kjetil V. Thengs (eds.). 2020. Records of real people: Linguistic variation in Middle English local documents (Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics 11). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, William Henry (ed.). 1959. Asser’s Life of King Alfred, Together with Annals of Saint Neots erroneously ascribed to Asser, with article on recent work by Dorothy Whitelock. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Stotz, Peter. 2002. Handbuch zur lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters, Band 1. München: C.H. Beck.Google Scholar
Stubbs, William (ed.). 1921. Select charters and other illustrations of English constitutional history: From the earliest times to the reign of Edward the First. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Studer-Joho, Nicole. 2014. Diffusion and change in Early Middle English: Methodological and theoretical implications from the LAEME corpus of tagged texts. Tübingen: Francke.Google Scholar
Swales, John. 1987. Approaching the concept of discourse community. Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) (38th, Atlanta, GA, March 19–21, 1987). [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Swan, Mary. 2006. Imagining a readership for post-conquest Old English manuscripts. In Stephen Kelly & John J. Thompson (eds.), Imagining the book, 145–157. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
. 2007. Mobile libraries: Old English manuscript production in Worcester and the West Midlands, 1090–1215. In Wendy Scase (ed.), Essays in manuscript geography: Vernacular manuscript of the English West Midlands from the conquest to the sixteenth century, 29–42. Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Swan, Mary & Elaine M. Treharne (eds.). 2000. Rewriting Old English in the twelfth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Swanton, Michael J. (ed. & trans.). 1996. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. London: Dent.Google Scholar
Taavitsainen, Irma & Päivi Pahta (eds.). 2010. Early Modern English medical texts: Corpus description and studies (incl. CD-Rom). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
The electronic Sawyer: Anglo-Saxon charters: An annotated list and bibliography, Peter H. Sawyer (ed.) (London: Royal Historical Society, 1968), revised by Simon Keynes et al. King’s College London & University of Cambridge. [URL]. (21 June 2021).
Thomason, Sarah & Terrence Kaufmann. 1988. Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thornbury, Emily V. 2014. Becoming a poet in Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Timofeeva, Olga. 2010a. Anglo-Latin bilingualism before 1066: Prospects and limitations. In Alaric Hall, Olga Timofeeva, Ágnes Kiricsi & Bethany Fox (eds.), Interfaces between language and culture in medieval England: A Festschrift for Matti Kilpiö, 1–36. Leiden/Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
. 2010b. Non-finite constructions in Old English, with special reference to syntactic borrowing from Latin, Ph.D dissertation, (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 80). Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.Google Scholar
. 2013a. Anglo-Latin and Old English: A case for integrated bilingual corpus studies of Anglo-Saxon registers. In Paul Bennett, Martin Durrell, Silke Scheible & Richard J. Whitt (eds.), New Methods in Historical Corpora (Corpus Linguistics & Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Language 3), 195–204. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
. 2013b. Of ledenum bocum to engliscum gereorde: Bilingual communities of practice in Anglo-Saxon England. In Joanna Kopaczyk & Andreas H. Jucker (eds.), Communities of practice in the history of English (Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 235), 201–224. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016a. Alfredian Press on the Vikings: Critical discourse approach to outgroup construction. Journal of English Linguistics 44(3). 230–253. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
. 2016b. Bide nu æt Gode þæt ic grecisc cunne: Attitudes to Greek and the Greeks in the Anglo-Saxon period. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51(2). 5–29. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
. 2017. Cum saca et soca, et tol et theam: The status of English terminology in Latin acta of William the Conqueror. Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 52(2). 195–215.Google Scholar
. 2018. AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN: Sociolinguistic concepts in the study of Alfredian English. English Language & Linguistics 22(1). 123–148. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
. 2019. Chancery norms before Chancery English: Templates in royal writs from Alfred the Great to William the Conqueror. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 20(1). 51–77. DOI logo (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
. Fc. The art of dying: Making a will in Old English and its sociolinguistic context. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 57.
. Submitted. Royal chancery after 1066: Lexical choice, change and negotiation.
Tinti, Francesca. 2013. Books and learning in the prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England database. In Concetta Giliberto & Loredana Teresi (eds.), Limits to learning: The transfer of encyclopaedic knowledge in the Early Middle Ages, 271–279. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
. 2018. Writing Latin and Old English in tenth-century England: Patterns, formulae and language choice in the leases of Oswald of Worcester. In Rory Naismith & David A. Woodman (eds.), Writing, kingship and power in Anglo-Saxon England, 303–327. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tolkien, J. R. R. 1929. Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad. Essays and Studies by Members of the English Association 14. 104–126.Google Scholar
Tollerton, Linda. 2011. Wills and will-making in Anglo-Saxon England. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press/Boydell & Brewer.Google Scholar
Toon, Thomas E. 1983. The politics of early Old English sound change. New York/London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Townend, Matthew. 2002. Language and history in Viking age England: Linguistic relations between speakers of Old Norse and Old English (Studies in the Early Middle Ages 6). Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Treharne, Elaine. 2006. The life and times of Old English homilies for the First Sunday in Lent. In Hugh Magennis & J. Wilcox (Eds.), The power of words: Anglo-Saxon studies presented to Donald G. Scragg on his seventieth birthday, 205–242. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.Google Scholar
. 2012. Living through conquest: The politics of Early English, 1020–1220. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tristram, Hildegard L. C. 2004. Diglossia in Anglo-Saxon England, or what was spoken Old English like? Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 40. 87–110.Google Scholar
Trotter, David. 2003. Not as eccentric as it looks: Anglo-French and French French. Forum for Modern Language Studies 39, 427–438. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An introduction to language and society, 4th edn. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Tyler, Elizabeth M. 2011. Crossing conquest: Polyglot royal women and literary culture in eleventh-century England. In Elizabeth Tyler (ed.), Conceptualizing multilingualism in England, c.800 – c.1250, 171–196. Turnhout: Brepols. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vennemann, Theo. 2001. Atlantis Semitica: Structural contact features in Celtic and English. In Laurel J. Brinton (ed.), Historical Linguistics 1999, 351–369. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2002. On the rise of ‘Celtic’ syntax in Middle English. In Peter J Lucas & Angela M. Lucas (eds.), Middle English from tongue to text: Selected papers from the third International Conference on Middle English: Language and text, held at Dublin, Ireland, 1–4 July 1999 (Studies in English Medieval Language & Literature 4), 203–234. Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
. 2009. Celtic influence in English? Yes and no. In Markku Filppula & Juhani Klemola (eds.), Re-evaluating the Celtic Hypothesis. Special issue of English Language & Linguistic 13(2). 309–334. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2011. English as a contact language: Typology and comparison. Anglia 129. 217–257. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Vleeskruyer, Rudolf (ed.). 1953. The Life of St. Chad: An Old English homily. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Watts, Richard J. 2008. Grammar writers in eighteenth-century Britain: A community of practice or a discourse community? In Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade (ed.), Grammars, grammarians, and grammar-writing in eighteenth-century England, 37–56. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webber, Theresa. 2011. Osmund [St. Osmund]. Oxford DNB. DOI logo. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Wenger, Etienne. 1998. Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Whitelock, Dorothy. 1975. Some Anglo-Saxon bishops of London. The Chambers memorial lecture, London University College. London: H.K. Lewis for [University] College, London.Google Scholar
. 1979. English historical documents, c.500–1042, 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(ed. & trans.). 2011 [1930]. Anglo-Saxon wills. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Ann. 1995. The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl & Karin Liebhart (eds.). 2009. The discursive construction of national identity, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Wojtyś, Anna. 2017. The non-surviving preterite-present verbs in English: The demise of *dugan, munan, *-nugan, *þurfan, and unnan, (Studies in English Medieval Language & Literature 51). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wormald, Patrick. 1983. Bede, the Bretwaldas and the origins of the gens anglorum . In Patrick Wormwald, Donald Bullough & Roger Collins (eds.), Ideal and reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon society: Studies presented to J.M. Hadrill, 99–129. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
. 1999. The making of English law: King Alfred to the twelfth century, vol. 1, Legislation and its limits. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
. 2014. Papers preparatory to the making of English law: King Alfred to the twelfth century, vol. 2, From God’s law to common law . Stephen Baxter & John Hudson (eds.). University of London: Early English Laws. [URL]. (21 June 2021).Google Scholar
Wright, Laura. 2013. The contact origins of Standard English. In Daniel Schreier & Marianne Hundt (eds.). English as a contact language, 58–74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017. On non-integrated vocabulary in the mixed language Accounts of St Paul’s Cathedral, 1315–1405. In Richard Ashdowne & Carolinne White (eds.), Latin in Medieval Britain, Proceedings of the British Academy 206, 272–298. London: British Academy. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yorke, Barbara. 2003 [1990]. King and kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. London/New York: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar