Chapter 3
Corpus and method
The present interdisciplinary and integrated approach to inter-(dis)fluency, which draws on a multilevel
fluency-disfluency continuum, aims to analyze the distribution and behavior of ambivalent fluencemes in multimodal discourse.
Fluencemes are highly flexible and dynamic, and their ambivalence can be evaluated by looking at several variables, such as
language proficiency, register variation, or task type, among others. These findings can be yielded using a corpus-based
methodology, which relies on quantitative treatments (e.g. frequency measures, percentages, average values etc.), in line with
corpus-based approaches to cognitive linguistics and pragmatics (e.g. Crible, 2018;
Crible et al., 2019; Schneider,
2014; Tottie, 2014, 2015).
Furthermore, the degree of fluency and/or disfluency of fluencemes can be evaluated qualitatively at the interactional level,
by integrating the social, sequential, and bodily actions participants may turn to when engaged in specific interactional
practices (e.g. Kendon, 2004; Mondada,
2013; Sacks et al., 1974). Therefore, this study relies on a
mixed-method approach (cf Morgenstern et al., 2021; Stivers, 2015; Tashakkori & Creswell,
2007) which includes quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data. Quantitative analyses rely on the treatment
of dependent and independent variables in the whole dataset using statistical tools, while qualitative analyses rely on a
close observation of specific occurrences in the data, examined within their ecological environment.
The present chapter is structured as follows: First, I explain my motivations for working on a videotaped
dataset which comprises two corpora, the SITAF corpus and the DisReg corpus. I then describe the annotation protocol used for
quantitative annotation analyses, using a specific annotation scheme. Lastly, I end this chapter with the description of the
methods used to conduct the qualitative analyses.
Article outline
- I.Data
- 1.1The SITAF corpus
- 1.1.1Methods and data collection procedure
- 1.1.2Why the SITAF corpus?
- 1.1.3Selected sample under scrutiny
- 1.2The DisReg corpus
- 1.2.1Methods and data collection procedure
- 1.2.2Why the DisReg corpus?
- 1.2.3Selected sample under scrutiny
- 1.3Motivations for working on a “small” corpus
- 1.3.1The benefits of using “small” corpora
- 1.3.2Comparable corpus design
- II.Annotation protocol for the quantitative analyses
- 2.1(Dis)fluency annotation
- 2.1.1Fluenceme level
- VOCAL MARKERS (VOC) (Guaïtella, 1993)
- MORPHO-SYNTACTIC MARKERS (MS) (Pallaud et al., 2019)
- PERIPHERAL MARKERS (Crible, 2018)
- 2.1.2Sequence level
- 2.1.3Visuo-gestural level
- 1.Gesture phase
- 2.Gesture type
- 3.Gaze direction
- 2.2Tools
- 2.2.1Statistical tests
- 2.2.2ELAN Software
- III.Methods for qualitative analyses
- 3.1Conversation-analytic methods
- 3.2Multimodal analysis: Use of PRAAT for the vocal dimension
- Conclusion to the chapter
-
Notes