Chapter 4
Visual and motor components of action anticipation in basketball and soccer
Time demanding sports require the ability to form anticipatory representations of on-going actions to complete missing perceptual information and anticipate timely motor responses. Compared to novices, elite athletes are endowed with unique abilities to foresee, predict and anticipate the future of opponents’ actions. In the present chapter, I use a cognitive neuroscience approach to address the issue of whether and how these superior perceptual abilities derive from athletes’ previous motor experience or visual familiarity. I discuss a series of behavioral and neuroscientific studies that have tested the role of motor and visual components of sport expertise and suggest that excellence in sports relies on complimentary and flexible use of motor and visual anticipatory models of ongoing actions, especially when facing players that attempt to fool the observer.
Keywords: action prediction, motor expertise, mirror neurons, embodiment, familiarity, transcranial magnetic stimulation, temporal occlusion, body kinematics, motor learning, motor simulation, visual perception, action observation
Article outline
- Introduction
- Action prediction in sport
- Predicting fooling actions
- Functional role of motor and visual areas in action prediction
- Conclusions
-
Notes
-
References
References (70)
Abernethy, B., & Zawi, K.
(
2007)
Pickup of essential kinematics underpins expert perception of movement patterns.
Journal of motor behavior, 39, 353–367.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Abernethy, B., Zawi, K., & Jackson, R. C.
(
2008)
Expertise and attunement to kinematic constraints.
Perception, 37, 931–948.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Abreu, A. M., Macaluso, E., Azevedo, R. T., Cesari, P., Urgesi, C., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2012)
Action anticipation beyond the action observation network: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in expert basketball players.
The European Journal of Neuroscience, 35(10), 1646–1654.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Aglioti, S. M., Cesari, P., Romani, M., & Urgesi, C.
(
2008)
Action anticipation and motor resonance in elite basketball players.
Nature neuroscience, 11, 1109–1116.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alaerts, K., Heremans, E., Swinnen, S. P., & Wenderoth, N.
(
2009)
How are observed actions mapped to the observer’s motor system? Influence of posture and perspective.
Neuropsychologia, 47(2), 415–422.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Alaerts, K., Senot, P., Swinnen, S. P., Craighero, L., Wenderoth, N., & Fadiga, L.
(
2010)
Force requirements of observed object lifting are encoded by the observer’s motor system: a TMS study.
The European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(6), 1144–1153.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Avenanti, A., Annella, L., Candidi, M., Urgesi, C., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2013)
Compensatory plasticity in the action observation network: virtual lesions of STS enhance anticipatory simulation of seen actions.
Cerebral cortex, 23, 570–580.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Avenanti, A., Candidi, M., & Urgesi, C.
(
2013)
Vicarious motor activation during action perception: beyond correlational evidence.
Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 185.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Avenanti, A., & Urgesi, C.
(
2011)
Understanding “what” others do: mirror mechanisms play a crucial role in action perception.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 6, 257–259.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Borroni, P., Montagna, M., Cerri, G., & Baldissera, F.
(
2005)
Cyclic time course of motor excitability modulation during the observation of a cyclic hand movement.
Brain research, 1065, 115–124.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brault, S., Bideau, B., Craig, C. M., & Kulpa, R.
(
2010)
Balancing deceit and disguise: how to successfully fool the defender in a 1 vs. 1 situation in rugby.
Human Movement Science, 29(3), 412–425.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P.
(
2005)
Action observation and acquired motor skills: an FMRI study with expert dancers.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 15, 1243–1249.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Calvo-Merino, B., Grèzes, J., Glaser, D. E., Passingham, R. E., & Haggard, P.
(
2006)
Seeing or doing? Influence of visual and motor familiarity in action observation.
Current biology: CB, 16, 1905–1910.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cañal-Bruland, R., & Schmidt, M.
(
2009)
Response bias in judging deceptive movements.
Acta psychologica, 130, 235–240.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cañal-Bruland, R., van der Kamp, J., & van Kesteren, J.
(
2010)
An examination of motor and perceptual contributions to the recognition of deception from others’ actions.
Human movement science, 29, 94–102.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Casile, A., & Giese, M. A.
(
2006)
Nonvisual motor training influences biological motion perception.
Current Biology, 16, 69–74.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Craig, C. M.
(
2013)
Understanding perception and action in sport: how can virtual reality technology help? Sports Technology, 6(4), 161–169.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Craig, C. M., Bastin, J., & Montagne, G.
(
2011)
How information guides movement: intercepting curved free kicks in soccer.
Human movement science, 30, 931–941.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cross, E. S., Hamilton, A., & Grafton, S. T.
(
2006)
Building a motor simulation de novo: observation of dance by dancers.
NeuroImage, 31(3), 1257–1267.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cross, E. S., Hamilton, A., Kraemer, D. J. M., Kelley, W. M., & Grafton, S. T.
(
2009)
Dissociable substrates for body motion and physical experience in the human action observation network.
The European Journal of Neuroscience, 30(7), 1383–1392.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cross, E. S., Kraemer, D. J. M., De, A. F., Hamilton, A., Kelley, W. M., & Grafton, S. T.
(
2009)
Sensitivity of the action observation network to physical and observational learning.
Cerebral Cortex, 19, 315–326.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dessing, J. C., & Craig, C. M.
(
2010)
Bending it like Beckham: how to visually fool the goalkeeper.
PloS one, 5, e13161.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K.
(
2010)
Availability of advance visual information constrains association-football goalkeeping performance during penalty kicks.
Perception, 39, 1111–1124.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., & Olivier, E.
(
2005)
Human motor cortex excitability during the perception of others’ action.
Current opinion in neurobiology, 15, 213–218.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Finke, R. A., & Freyd, J. J.
(
1985)
Transformations of visual memory induced by implied motions of pattern elements.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 11, 780–794.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Finke, R. A., & Shyi, G. C.
(
1988)
Mental extrapolation and representational momentum for complex implied motions.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 14, 112–120.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Flach, R., Knoblich, G., & Prinz, W.
(
2004)
The two-thirds power law in motion perception.
Visual Cognition, 11, 461–481.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Freyd, J. J.
(
1983)
Representing the dynamics of a static form.
Memory & cognition, 11, 342–346.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fuchs, T., & Jaegher, H.
(
2009)
Enactive intersubjectivity: Participatory sense-making and mutual incorporation.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 8, 465–486.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gangitano, M., Mottaghy, F. M., & Pascual-Leone, A.
(
2004)
Modulation of premotor mirror neuron activity during observation of unpredictable grasping movements.
The European Journal of Neuroscience, 20(8), 2193–2202.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C.
(
2009)
The observation and execution of actions share motor and somatosensory voxels in all tested subjects: single-subject analyses of unsmoothed fMRI data.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 19, 1239–1255.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Handford, C., Davids, K., Bennett, S., & Button, C.
(
1997)
Skill acquisition in sport: some applications of an evolving practice ecology.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(6), 621–640.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hecht, H., Vogt, S., & Prinz, W.
(
2001)
Motor learning enhances perceptual judgment: a case for action-perception transfer.
Psychological research, 65, 3–14.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hommel, B., Müsseler, J., Aschersleben, G., & Prinz, W.
(
2001)
The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): a framework for perception and action planning.
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), 849–878.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hubbard, T.
(
2005)
Representational momentum and related displacements in spatial memory: A review of the findings.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 822–851.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ingvar, D. H.
(
1985)
“Memory of the future”: an essay on the temporal organization of conscious awareness.
Human neurobiology, 4, 127–136.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jackson, R. C., Warren, S., & Abernethy, B.
(
2006)
Anticipation skill and susceptibility to deceptive movement.
Acta psychologica, 123, 355–371.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Knoblich, G., & Sebanz, N.
(
2008)
Evolving intentions for social interaction: from entrainment to joint action.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 363, 2021–31.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Komatsu, H.
(
2006)
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 220–231.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Makris, S., & Urgesi, C.
(
2015)
Neural underpinnings of superior action-prediction abilities in soccer players.
Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 342–351.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mann, D. L., Abernethy, B., & Farrow, D.
(
2010)
Visual information underpinning skilled anticipation: The effect of blur on a coupled and uncoupled in situ anticipatory response.
Attention, perception & psychophysics, 72, 1317–1326.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Motes, M. a, Hubbard, T. L., Courtney, J. R., & Rypma, B.
(
2008)
A principal components analysis of dynamic spatial memory biases.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 34, 1076–1083.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Perrett, D. I., Xiao, D., Barraclough, N. E., Keysers, C., & Oram, M. W.
(
2009)
Seeing the future: Natural image sequences produce “anticipatory” neuronal activity and bias perceptual report.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 62, 2081–2104.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pessoa, L., Thompson, E., & Noë, a.
(
1998)
Finding out about filling-in: a guide to perceptual completion for visual science and the philosophy of perception.
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 21, 723–748; discussion 748–802.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Prinz, W.
(
1997)
Perception and Action Planning.
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9(2), 129–154.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ramnani, N., & Miall, R. C.
(
2004)
A system in the human brain for predicting the actions of others.
Nature neuroscience, 7, 85–90.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ranganathan, R., & Carlton, L. G.
(
2007)
Perception-action coupling and anticipatory performance in baseball batting.
Journal of motor behavior, 39, 369–380.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reithler, J., van Mier, H. I., Peters, J. C., & Goebel, R.
(
2007)
Nonvisual motor learning influences abstract action observation.
Current Biology, 17, 1201–1207.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ripoll, H., Kerlirzin, Y., Stein, J. F., & Reine, B.
(
1995)
Analysis of information processing, decision making, and visual strategies in complex problem solving sport situations.
Human Movement Science, 14, 325–349.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L.
(
2004)
The mirror-neuron system.
Annual review of neuroscience, 27, 169–192.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Romani, M., Cesari, P., Urgesi, C., Facchini, S., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2005)
Motor facilitation of the human cortico-spinal system during observation of bio-mechanically impossible movements.
NeuroImage, 26(3), 755–763.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rowe, R., Horswill, M. S., Kronvall-Parkinson, M., Poulter, D. R., & McKenna, F. P.
(
2009)
The Effect of Disguise on Novice and Expert Tennis Players’ Anticipation Ability.
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21, 178–185.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Runeson, S., & Frykholm, G.
(
1983)
Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational basis for person-and-action perception: Expectation, gender recognition, and deceptive intention.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112(4), 585–615.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schütz-Bosbach, S., & Prinz, W.
(
2007)
Prospective coding in event representation.
Cognitive processing, 8, 93–102.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sebanz, N., & Shiffrar, M.
(
2009)
Detecting deception in a bluffing body: the role of expertise.
Psychonomic bulletin & review, 16, 170–175.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Smeeton, N. J., & Huys, R.
(
2010)
Anticipation of tennis-shot direction from whole-body movement: The role of movement amplitude and dynamics.
Human movement science, 44.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tidoni, E., Borgomaneri, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Avenanti, A.
(
2013)
Action Simulation Plays a Critical Role in Deceptive Action Recognition.
Journal of Neuroscience, 33(2), 611–623.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tomeo, E., Cesari, P., Aglioti, S. M., & Urgesi, C.
(
2013)
Fooling the Kickers but not the Goalkeepers: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Correlates of Fake Action Detection in Soccer.
Cerebral cortex. 23, 2765–2778.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Urgesi, C., Candidi, M., & Avenanti, A.
(
2014)
Neuroanatomical substrates of action perception and understanding: an anatomic likelihood estimation meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping studies in brain injured patients.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8(
May), 344.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Urgesi, C., Candidi, M., Fabbro, F., Romani, M., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2006)
Motor facilitation during action observation: topographic mapping of the target muscle and influence of the onlooker’s posture.
The European Journal of Neuroscience, 23(9), 2522–2530.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Urgesi, C., Maieron, M., Avenanti, A., Tidoni, E., Fabbro, F., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2010)
Simulating the future of actions in the human corticospinal system.
Cerebral cortex, 20, 2511–2521.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Urgesi, C., Moro, V., Candidi, M., & Aglioti, S. M.
(
2006)
Mapping implied body actions in the human motor system.
The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 7942–7949.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Urgesi, C., Savonitto, M., Fabbro, F., & Aglioti, S.
(
2012)
Long-and short-term plastic modeling of action prediction abilities in volleyball.
Psychological research, 76, 540–562.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Verfaillie, K., & Daems, A.
(
2002)
Representing and anticipating human actions in vision.
Visual Cognition, 9, 217–232.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Vrij, A.
(
2004)
Why professionals fail to catch liars and how they can improve.
Legal and Criminological Psychology, 159–181.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Weissensteiner, J., Abernethy, B., Farrow, D., & Müller, S.
(
2008)
The development of anticipation: a cross-sectional examination of the practice experiences contributing to skill in cricket batting.
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(6), 663–684.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Williams, A. M., Davids, K., & Williams, J. G.
(
1999)
Visual perception and action in sport (p. 441). London: E & FN Spon.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wilson, M., & Knoblich, G. G.
(
2005)
The case for motor involvement in perceiving conspecifics.
Psychological Bulletin, 131, 460.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Yoshikawa, S., & Sato, W.
(
2008)
Dynamic facial expressions of emotion induce representational momentum.
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 8, 25–31.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zago, M., McIntyre, J., Senot, P., & Lacquaniti, F.
(
2008)
Internal models and prediction of visual gravitational motion.
Vision research, 48, 1532–1538.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (3)
Cited by 3 other publications
Hydén, Lars-Christer, Anna Ekström & Ali Reza Majlesi
2024.
Assisted Eating: Intercorporeal Interaction. In
Living with Late-Stage Dementia,
► pp. 187 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Rizzolatti, Giacomo, Maddalena Fabbri-Destro, Arturo Nuara, Roberto Gatti & Pietro Avanzini
2021.
The role of mirror mechanism in the recovery, maintenance, and acquisition of motor abilities.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 127
► pp. 404 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Brenton, John & Sean Müller
2018.
Is visual–perceptual or motor expertise critical for expert anticipation in sport?.
Applied Cognitive Psychology 32:6
► pp. 739 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 june 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.