Chapter 9
“It’s really strange when nobody is watching”
Enactive intercorporeality and the Spielraum of practices in freeskiing
The artful practices of freestyle skiing present a paradox: despite the fact that freeskiing is a solo sport requiring no team interaction, freeskiers routinely refuse to practice their tricks if no other freeskiers are around to watch them. My contribution sets out to explain this riddle by showing how local congregations of skiers interactively assemble what I call a Spielraum – sites of watching and being watched within which mutual attunement and a shared teleoaffective tension enable athletes to perform dangerous and difficult tricks they would not dare or care to try on their own. Using video analysis and ethnographic data from four years of fieldwork in the German-speaking freeskiing scene, I demonstrate how spatial positioning, bodily posture, lines of sight and practices of seeing are artfully combined to unfold sites of athletic performance on inhabitable mountains. I show that the three ingredients of intercorporeality suggested by Meyer and v. Wedelstaedt are key preconditions for learning and performing freestyle skiing: mutual attention, a shared rhythm, and bodily tuning into others’ performance. Drawing on Heidegger as well as recent practice-based theories of space, I conceptualize the Spielraum of practices as the site within which enactive intercorporeality becomes possible – and which is in turn itself a product of enactive engagement.
Article outline
- Introduction
- Bodily attention and the legitimacy of interruptions
- Mutual orientation
- Publicly visible caring about tricks
- Rhythmic organization
- Talking freeskiing style
- The funpark as a visual arena
- The visibility of embodied vision: Position and posture
-
The need for teleo-affectivity
- Intercorporeal space
- The
Spielraum
- Orchestration
- Enacting intercorporeal practices
-
Notes
-
References
References
Becchio, C., Bertone, C., & Castiello, U.
(
2008)
How the gaze of others influences object processing.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(7), 254–258.


Bourdieu, P.
(
1990)
The logic of practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Büscher, M.
(
2005)
Interaction in motion: Embodied conduct in emergency teamwork. In
L. Mondada (ed.),
Online Multimedia Proceedings of the 2nd International Society for Gesture Studies Conference ‘Interacting Bodies’. Lyon.

Büscher, M.
(
2006)
Vision in motion.
Environment and Planning A, 38(2), 281–299.


Carman, T.
(
2008)
Merleau-Ponty. London: Taylor & Francis.

Debord, G.
(
1983)
Society of the spectacle. (
K. Knabb, trans.). London: Rebel Press.

Dreyfus, H. L.
(
1991)
Being-in-the-world: a commentary on Heidegger’s Being and time, division I. Boston: MIT Press.

Garfinkel, H.
(
2002)
Ethnomethodology’s program. Working out Durkheim’s Aphorism. (
A. Rawls, ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

Garfinkel, H., & Livingston, E.
(
2003)
Phenomenal field properties of order in formatted queues and their neglected standing in the current situation of inquiry.
Visual Studies, 18(1), 21–28.


Gebauer, G.
(
2008)
Das Sprachspielkonzept und der Sport. In
F. Bockrath,
B. Boschert, &
E. Franke (ed.),
Körperliche Erkenntnis. Formen reflexiver Erfahrung (p. 41–52). Bielefeld: transcript.


Gebauer, G.
(
2009)
Wittgensteins anthropologisches Denken. München: C. H. Beck.

Goffman, E.
(
1963)
Behavior in public places. Glencoe: Free Press.

Goffman, E.
(
1969)
Where the action is: Three essays. London: Allen Lane The Penguin.

Goodwin, C.
(
2000)
Practices of seeing, visual analysis: An ethnomethodological approach. In
T. van Leeuwen &
C. Jewitt (ed.),
Handbook of visual analysis (p. 157–182). London: Sage.

Goodwin, C.
(
2000)
Action and embodiment within situated human interaction.
Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1489–1522.


Goodwin, C.
(
2007)
Participation, stance and affect in the organization of activities.
Discourse Society, 18(1), 53–73.


Heidegger, M.
(
1962)
Being and Time. New York: Harper & Row.

Ingold, T.
(
2000)
The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. London: Routledge.


Jaegher, H. D., & Paolo, E. D.
(
2007)
Participatory sense-making.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6(4), 485–507.


Jay, M.
(
1994)
Downcast eyes: the denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Knoblauch, H., Schnettler, B., Raab, J., & Soeffner, H.-G.
(Eds.) (
2006)
Video Analysis-Methodology and Methods: Qualitative Audiovisual Data Analysis in Sociology. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.


Law, J.
(
2004)
After method: mess in social science research. London: Routledge.

Lynch, M.
(
2001)
Ethnomethodology and the logic of practice. In
T. R. Schatzki,
K. Knorr Cetina, &
E. von Savigny (ed.),
The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory (p. 131–150). London: Routledge.

Macbeth, D.
(
2012)
Some Notes on the Play of Basketball in its Circumstantial Detail, and an Introduction to Their Occasion.
Human Studies, 35(2), 193–208.


Malpas, J.
(
2012)
Heidegger and the Thinking of Place: Explorations in the Topology of Being. MIT Press.


Merleau-Ponty, M.
(
1968)
The visible and the invisible. Followed by working notes. (
C. Lefort, ed.). Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

Rouse, J.
(
2007)
Practice Theory. In
S. Turner &
M. Risjord (ed.),
Handbook of the Philosophy of Science (Bd. 15, p. 25). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Ruin, H.
(
2005)
Contributions to Philosophy. In
H. L. Dreyfus &
M. A. Wrathall (ed.),
A Companion to Heidegger (p. 358–374). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Schatzki, T. R.
(
1996)
Social Practices: A Wittgensteinian Approach to Human Activity and the Social. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Schatzki, T. R.
(
2002)
The Site of the Social: A Philosophical Account of the Constitution of Social Life and Change. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Schatzki, T. R.
(
2010)
The timespace of human activity: On performance, society, and history as indeterminate teleological events. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Schatzki, T. R., Knorr Cetina, K., & von Savigny, E.
(
2001)
The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. London: Routledge.

Schlicht, T.
(
2008)
Ein Stufenmodell der Intentionalität. In
P. Spät (ed.),
Zur Zukunft der Philosophie des Geistes (p. 59–91). Paderborn: Mentis.

Schlicht, T.
(
2010)
Enactive social cognition. In
Proceedings of the Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Portland, OR.

Schmidt, R.
(
2002)
Pop – Sport – Kultur. Praxisformen körperlicher Aufführungen. Konstanz: UVK.

Schmidt, R., & Volbers, J.
(
2011)
Siting Praxeology. The Methodological Significance of “Public” in Theories of Social Practices.
Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 41(4), 419–440.


Turner, S. P.
(
2001)
Throwing out the Tacit Rule Book: Learning and Practices. In
T. R. Schatzki,
K. Knorr Cetina, &
E. von Savigny (ed.),
The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory (p. 120–130). London: Routledge.

Turner, S. P.
(
2007)
Mirror Neurons and Practices: A Response to Lizardo.
Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37(3), 351–371.


Wheaton, B.
(
2000)
Just do it: Consumption, commitment, and identity in the windsurfing subculture.
Sociology of Sport Journal, 17(3), 254–272.

Wittgenstein, L.
(
2009)
Philosophical investigations – Philosophische Untersuchungen. (
P. M. S. Hacker &
J. Schulte, ed.) (4th rev.). Chichester: John Wiley.

Woermann, N.
(
2011)
Seeing Style. Intelligibility, Visual Order, and Social Practices (Dissertation, University of St. Gallen).

Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Diamantopoulou, Sophia & Dimitra Christidou
2019.
Museum encounters: a choreography of visitors’ bodies in interaction.
Museum Management and Curatorship 34:4
► pp. 344 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 6 june 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.