This article explores variation in address in contemporary Swedish in Sweden-Swedish and Finland-Swedish. The research is part of a large-scale Australian project on changes in the address systems of French, German and Swedish. The present article focuses on results from 72 social network interviews conducted in Sweden (Gothenburg) and Finland (Vaasa). Both quantitative results (questionnaire part) and qualitative results (interview part) are presented. The findings suggest that the V pronoun of address – ni – is gradually disappearing in both national varieties. This tendency is clearly stronger in Sweden-Swedish; in spoken Sweden-Swedish V hardly exists any more, except for a controversial re-entry in communication between the young and middleaged and the very old in service encounters (c.f. Mårtensson 1986). Furthermore the results indicate that there is considerable variation between written (impersonal) and spoken Sweden-Swedish with a much higher acceptance for the V pronoun in written, impersonal contexts. The study demonstrates that national variation is considerable with much more use of V in Finland-Swedish.
1978Tilltalsordet ni. Dess semantik och användning i historiskt perspektiv. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Clyne, M.; Kretzenbacher, L.; Norrby, C.; Schüpbach, D.
2006 ‘Perceptions of variation and change in German and Swedish address’. Journal of sociolinguistics 10 (3): 283–315.
Fremer, M.
1998 ‘Tilltal och omtal i samtal’. Språkbruk 21: 10’17.
Kretzenbacher, H.L.; Clyne, M.; Schüpbach, D.
2006 ‘Pronominal address in German: Rules, anarchy and embarrassment potential’. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29 (2): 17.1–17.18. .
Mårtensson, E.
1986 ‘Det nya niandet’. Nordlund 101: 35–79.
Norrby, C.
1997 ‘Kandidat Svensson, du eller ni – om utvecklingen av tilltalsskicket i svenskan’. In Svenska som andraspråk och andra språk. Festskrift till Gunnar Tingbjörn, edited by Andersson, A.-B.; Enström, I.; Källström, R.; Nauclér K. Gothenburg: Institutionen för Svenska språket, Göteborgs Universitet.
Norrby, C.
2004 ‘Du och Ni. Gamla och unga vill inte nia’. Språkvård 41: 26–34.
Norrby, C.
2005 ‘Du, ni, titel eller förnamn?’ Språkbruk 21: 5–10.
Norrby, C.; Håkansson, G.
2004 ‘“Kan jag hjälpa dig med något?” Om tilltal i en servicesituation’. Språk och Stil 131: 6–34.
Paulston, C.B.
1976 ‘Pronouns of address in Swedish: Social class semantics and changing system’. Language in Society 51: 359–386.
Reuter, M.
1992 ‘Swedish as a pluricentric language’. In Pluricentric languages: Differing norms in different nations, edited by Clyne, M. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ridell, K.
2001 ‘“Du” or “ni”? Attitudes to pronouns of address in Swedish’. Unpublished Masters thesis. London: University of London, Queen Mary College.
Saari, M.
1995 ‘“Jo, nu kunde vi festa nog”. Synpunkter på svenskt språkbruk i Sverige och Finland’. Folkmålsstudier 361: 75–108.
Wellander, E.
1935Tilltalsordet Ni. Stockholm: C.E. Fritzes Bokförlags Aktiebolag.
Warren, J.
2006 ‘Address pronouns in French: Variation within and outside the workplace’. Australian Review of Applied Lingusitics 29 (2): 16.1–16.17. .
2006. The use of address pronouns among Finnish and Finland-Swedish students. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 19.1 ff.
Nyblom, Heidi
2006. The use of address pronouns among Finnish and Finland-Swedish students. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 19.1 ff.
Schüpbach, Doris, John Hajek, Heinz L. Kretzenbacher & Catrin Norrby
2021. Approaches to the study of address in pluricentric languages: methodological reflections
. Sociolinguistica 35:1 ► pp. 165 ff.
Warren, Jane
2006. Address pronouns in French. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 16.1 ff.
Warren, Jane
2006. Address pronouns in French. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 16.1 ff.
Weissenböck, Maria
2006. Pronouns of address in western Ukrainian. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 20.1 ff.
Weissenböck, Maria
2006. Pronouns of address in western Ukrainian. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29:2 ► pp. 20.1 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.