Media vs. candidates and minorities vs. majorities
Who sets the public’s agenda in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary?
Despite an abundance of research dedicated to the first level agenda setting process in political elections, there is a
considerable gap within the literature regarding how the amount of media coverage granted to minority candidates – people of color and
women – influence their salience in public opinion. The current study seeks to address this gap by analyzing the effects of online coverage
of minority candidates and their subsequent performance in national polling data from June 1, 2019 to November 20, 2019. The present study
utilizes a time-series analysis to compare three information formats: Twitter accounts of major media organizations, online web mentions of
candidates from these organizations, and the candidates’ own Twitter presence. The presented findings illustrate important relationships –
specifically, where candidates of color were able to set their own agenda through their Twitter accounts as opposed to coverage that they
received from the media.
Article outline
- Literature review
- Agenda setting
- Theoretical overview
- Agenda setting and social media
- Impact on polling
- Priming theory
- Media representation
- Theoretical contribution
- Method
- Data collection
- Data analysis
- Findings
- Discussion
-
References
References (40)
References
Aaker, J., & Chang, V. (2009). Obama and the power of social media and technology. The European Business Review, 16–21.
Alexa. (2018). The top 500 sites on the web – subcategory “Breaking News.” Retrieved from [URL]
Boydstun, A. E., Hardy, A., & Walgrave, S. (2014). Two faces of media attention: Media storm versus non-storm coverage. Political Communication, 31(4), 509–531.
Caliendo, S. M., & McIlwain, C. D. (2006). Minority candidates, media framing, and racial cues in the 2004 election. Harvard International Journal of Press/politics, 11(4), 45–69.
Conway, B. A., Kenski, K., & Wang, D. (2015). The rise of Twitter in the political campaign: Searching for intermedia agenda-setting effects in the presidential primary. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), 363–380.
Desilver, D. (2018). A record number of women will be serving in the new Congress. Retrieved from [URL]
Falk, E. (2007). Women for president: Media bias in nine campaigns. University of Illinois Press
Feezell, J. T. (2015). Agenda setting through social media: The importance of incidental news exposure and social filtering in the digital era. Political Research Quarterly, 71(2), 482–494.
Geiger, A. W. (2019). Key findings about the online news landscape in America. Retrieved from [URL]
Golan, G., & Wanta, W. (2001). Second-level agenda setting in the New Hampshire primary: A comparison of coverage in three newspapers and public perceptions of candidates. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 247–259.
Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424–438.
Guo, L., & Vargo, C. (2015). The power of message networks: A big-data analysis of the network agenda setting model and issue ownership. Mass Communication and Society, 18(5), 557–576.
Harder, R. A., Sevenans, J., & Van Aelst, P. (2017). Intermedia agenda setting in the social media age: How traditional players dominate the news agenda in election times. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(3), 275–293.
Heflick, N. A., Goldenberg, J. L. (2009). Objectifying Sarah Palin: evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), 598–601.
Holbrook, R. A., & Hill, T. G. (2005). agenda setting and priming in prime time television: Crime dramas as political cues. Political Communication, 22(3), 277–295.
Holt, L. (2012). Hillary and Barack: Will atypical candidates lead to atypical coverage? The Howard Journal of Communications, 23(3), 272–287.
Hughes, A., & Wojcik, S. (2019). 10 facts about Americans and Twitter. Retrieved from: [URL]
Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News that matters: agenda setting and priming in a television age. News that Matters: agenda setting and Priming in a Television Age.
Kiousis, S., Bantimaroudis, P., & Ban, H. (1999). Candidate image attributes: Experiments on the substantive dimension of second level agenda setting. Communication Research, 26(4), 414–428.
Lee, J. C., Daniel, A., Lieberman, R., Migliozzi, V., & Burns, A. (2019). Which Democrats are leading the 2020 presidential race? Retrieved from [URL]
Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York.
Majstorovic, D., & Vilović, G. (2017). The presence and depiction of women on the front pages of Croatian daily newspapers: In the service of promoting gender stereotypes? Medijske Studije, 8(16), 6–22.
McCombs, M. E. (1992). Explorers and surveyors: Expanding strategies for agenda-setting research. Journalism Quarterly, 69(4), 813–824.
McCombs, M. (2014). Setting the agenda: Mass media and public opinion. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
McCombs, M., Llamas, J. P., Lopez-Escobar, E., & Rey, F. (1997). Candidate images in Spanish elections: Second-level agenda setting effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703–717.
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda setting function of mass media. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.
Montanaro, D. (2020). Majority of Americans say Trump increased racial tensions after George Floyd’s death, poll finds. Retrieved from [URL]
Park, C. (2013). Does Twitter motivate involvement in politics? Tweeting, opinion leadership, and political engagement. Computers in Human Behavior. 29(4), 1641–1648.
Pew Research Center. (2019). State of the news media methodology. Retrieved from [URL]
Oliphant, J. B. (2019, June 26). 6 facts about Democrats as the party holds its presidential debates. Retrieved from: [URL]
Real Clear Media Group. (2018). RealClearPolitics. Retrieved from [URL]
Santucci, J. (2019). The DNC again raises the requirements needed to qualify for the Democratic debates. Retrieved from [URL]
Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9–20.
Siders, D. (2018). Kamala Harris’ rapid rise confounds California. Retrieved from [URL]
Skogerbø, E., & Krumsvik, A. H. (2015). Newspapers, Facebook and Twitter: Intermedial agenda setting in local election campaigns. Journalism Practice, 9(3), 350–366.
Son, Y. J., Weaver, D. H. (2006). Another look at what moves public opinion: Media agenda setting and polls in the 2000 U.S. election, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(2), 174–197.
Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1989). Person memory and judgment. Psychological Review, 96(1), 58–83.
Tukachinsky, R., Mastro, D., & Yarchi, M. (2015). Documenting portrayals of race/ethnicity on primetime television over a 20-year span and their association with national-level racial/ethnic attitudes. Journal of Social Issues, 71(1), 17–38.
Wasburn, P. C., & Wasburn, M. H. (2011). Media coverage of women in politics: The curious case of Sarah Palin. Media, Culture, and Society, 33(7), 1027–041.
Weaver, D. H. (2007). Thoughts on agenda setting, framing, and priming. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 142–147.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Upadhyay, Akanksa & Briana Marie Trifiro
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 october 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.