Clause order and syntactic integration patterns in Dutch conditionals
Conditional clauses in Dutch can occur in sentence-initial and sentence-final position. For sentence-initial
conditionals, a number of syntactic integration patterns are available. This corpus study investigates to what extent clause order
and syntactic integration are associated with text mode (spoken, written) and register (formal, informal). Sentence-initial position of
the conditional clause is shown to be most frequent in both modes and registers, although sentence-final position is more frequent
than one would expect based on the literature, especially in written texts. The distribution of syntactic integration patterns
shows a clear difference between modes, as full integration of the conditional clause into the main clause is most frequent in
written texts, whereas the use of the resumptive element dan (‘then’) is most frequent in spoken texts.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Clause order and syntactic integration
- 2.1Three clause orders
- 2.2Three patterns of syntactic integration
- 2.3Conclusion
- 3.Data and method
- 4.Results
- 4.1Clause order in Dutch conditionals
- 4.2Syntactic integration in sentence-initial conditionals
- 4.3Conclusion
- 5.Conclusion and discussion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
References
References (46)
References
Agresti, Alan. 2007. An introduction to categorical data analysis (Second edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Auer, Peter. 2000. “Pre- and post-positioning of wenn-clauses in spoken and written German.” Topics in English Linguistics 33(15): 173–204. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Beekhuizen, Barend. 2016. “De zijnsstatus van de afhankelijke V1-constructie in het Nederlands.” Nederlandse Taalkunde 21(1): 33–59. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, Douglas. 1995. Dimensions of register variation: A cross-linguistic comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, Douglas & Susan Conrad. 2009. Genre, register and style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boogaart, Ronny. 2007. “Conditionele constructies met moest(en) en mocht(en) in Belgisch-Nederlands en Nederlands-Nederlands.” Neerlandistiek.nl 7(5).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Boogaart, Ronny & Kim Verheij. 2013. “Als dát geen insubordinatie is! De pragmatiek van zelfstandige conditionele zinnen.” Honderd jaar taalwetenschap. Artikelen aangeboden aan Saskia Daalder bij haar afscheid van de Vrije Universiteit ed. by T. A. J. M. Janssen & J. Noordegraaf. 13–28. Amsterdam: St. Neerlandistiek VU & Münster, Nodus Publikationen.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carter-Thomas, Shirley & Elizabeth Rowley-Jolivet. 2008. “
If-conditionals in medical discourse: From theory to disciplinary practice.” Journal of English for Academic Purposes 7(3): 191–205. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Comrie, Bernard. 1986. “Conditionals: A typology.” On Conditionals ed. by E. C. Traugott, A. Ter Meulen, J. Snitzer Reilly, & C. A. Ferguson. 77–99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dancygier, Barbara. 1998. Conditionals and prediction: Time, knowledge, and causation in conditional constructions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 1997. “
Then in conditional constructions.” Cognitive Linguistics 8(2): 109–136. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 2000. “Constructions with if, since, and because: Causality, epistemic stance, and clause order.” Topics in English Linguistics 331: 111–142. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 2005. Mental spaces in grammar: Conditional constructions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Declerck, Renaat & Susan Reed. 2001. Conditionals: A comprehensive empirical analysis. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Diessel, Holger. 2005. “Competing motivations for the ordering of main and adverbial clauses.” Linguistics 43(3): 449–470. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Diessel, Holger. 2013. “Adverbial subordination.” The Bloomsbury companion to syntax ed. by S. Luraghi & C. Parodi. 41–354. London: Bloomsbury Academic.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Evans, Nicholas. 2007. “Insubordination and its uses.” Finiteness: Theoretical and empirical foundations ed. by I. Nikolaeva. 366–431. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ferguson, Gibson. 2001. “‘If you pop over there’: A corpus-based study of conditionals in medical discourse.” English for Specific Purposes 20(1): 61–82. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Field, Andy, Jeremy Miles & Zoë Field. 2012. Discovering statistics using R. London: Thousand Oaks.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ford, Cecilia. E. 1993. Grammar in interaction: Adverbial clauses in American English conversations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ford, Cecilia. E. & Sandra A. Thompson. 1986. “Conditionals in discourse: A text-based study from English.” On Conditionals ed. by E. C. Traugott, A. Ter Meulen, J. Snitzer Reilly & C. A. Ferguson. 353–372. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gabrielatos, Costas. 2010. “A corpus-based examination of English if-conditionals through the lens of modality: Nature and types.” PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. “Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements.” Universals of human language ed. by J. H. Greenberg. 73–113. Massachusetts: MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gwet, Kilem L. 2014. Handbook of inter-rater reliability: The definitive guide to measuring the extent of agreement among raters (Fourth edition). Gaithersburg: Advanced Analytics, LLC.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Haiman, John. 1978. “Conditionals are topics.” Language 54(3): 564–589. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Iatridou, Sabine. 1991. Topics in conditionals. Massachusetts: MIT Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Iatridou, Sabine. 1994 “On the contribution of conditional then
.” Natural Language Semantics 21: 171–199. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Johnson-Laird, Philip N. & Byrne, Ruth M. J. 2002. “Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference.” Psychological Review 109(4): 646–678. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Leech, Geoffrey. 2007. “New resources, or just better old ones? The Holy Grail of representativeness.” Corpus linguistics and the web ed. by M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer. 133–149. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Linde, Charlotte. 1976. “Constraints on the ordering of if-clauses.” Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 21, 280–285.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McEnery, Tony & Andrew Hardie. 2012. Corpus linguistics: Method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nall, Shu Pin & Timothy M. Nall. 2010. “English ‘if-clauses’: A corpus-based genre analysis of their incidence, ordering and pragmatic effects.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice 7(2): 205–227.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Oostdijk, Nelleke. 2000. “The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and first evaluation.” Proceedings of LREC-2000, Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Volume 21 ed. by M. Gravilidou, G. Carayannis, S. Markantanatou, S. Piperidis & G. Stainhaouer. Athens, 887–894.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Oostdijk, Nelleke, Martin Reynaert, Véronique Hoste & Ineke Schuurman. 2013. “The construction of a 500-million-word reference corpus of contemporary written Dutch.” Essential speech and language technology for Dutch: Results by the STEVIN-programme ed. by P. Spyns & J. Odijk. 219–247. Berlin: Springer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Renmans, Bram & William van Belle. 2003. “The use of the particle dan in Dutch conditional sentences.” Leuvense Bijdragen 92(1): 141–158.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reuneker, Alex. 2017. “Sentence-medial if-clauses in Dutch.” Nederlandse Taalkunde 22(1): 137–148. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reuneker, Alex. (forthc.). “Connecting conditionals. A bottom-up approach to categories of conditionals in Dutch.” Manuscript in preparation.
Schelfaut, F. 1982. Eerste deel: De Nederlandse conditionele bijzin, ingeleid door als, wanneer of zonder voegwoord, met of zonder dan in de hoofdzin. Tweede deel: De Nederlandse concessieve bijzin, ingeleid door al, alhoewel, hoewel, ofschoon, met of zonder toch in de bijzin. Luik: Memoire.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Van der Horst, Joop. 1995. Analytische taalkunde. Groningen: Nijhoff.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Van der Horst, Joop. 2010. Met (het) oog op morgen: Opstellen over taal, taalverandering en standaardtaal. Leuven: Leuven University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Verbrugge, Sara & Hans Smessaert. 2011. “On the distinction between inferential and meta-inferential conditionals in Dutch.” Journal of Pragmatics 43(14): 3387–3402. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
von Fintel, Kai. 1994. “Restrictions on quantifier domains.” PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 4 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.