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Article published In:
Babel
Vol. 69:6 (2023) ► pp.725–748

First Secretary Gierek, President Carter, and the president’s Polish interpreter

An analysis of an awkward diplomatic encounter based on new archival evidence

| UiT The Arctic University of Norway

During President Carter’s visit to Warsaw in 1977, his interpreter into Polish, Steven Seymour, allegedly made major mistakes. American journalists learned of these mistakes from their Polish colleagues and gloated over what they considered erotic overtones in Seymour’s interpretation. There is much literature on this episode, but no author has yet consulted the actual interpretation. I was able to obtain an archived audio recording of the entire episode from the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum. In this article, I discuss Seymour’s choice of a sentence-by-sentence mode of interpretation and the problems inherent in that mode, classify his errors and inaccuracies, and attempt to uncover the reasons for the exaggerated criticism from the media and the interpreting community. Characteristically, the media paid no attention to the solemn, confident performance of Seymour’s Polish colleague, who interpreted Edward Gierek’s speech into English. The episode is a good testimony to the role of diplomatic interpreters, whose moment of glory only comes when they make a factual or imaginary mistake.

Keywords: interpreter invisibility, consecutive interpreting, sentence-by-sentence interpreting, sight translation, diplomatic interpreting, linguistic interference
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The two interpreters and their interpreting modes
    • 2.1The long consecutive mode
    • 2.2The sentence-by-sentence mode combined with sight translation
    • 2.3Seymour’s training and preparation
  • 3.Seymour’s version of Carter’s remarks
    • 3.1Numbers
    • 3.2Interferences from the source text
    • 3.3Interferences from Russian
    • 3.4Unfortunate lexical choices
  • 4.Reaction by the U.S. and Canadian press
  • 5.The Epilogue
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • Note
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 5 October 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00344.che
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