The dubbing versus subtitling debate has been a recurrent topic in the audiovisual translation literature, but empirical research into the reception of both modes is still lacking. This article presents the results of an experiment that aimed to investigate to what extent comprehension, memory, and enjoyment of a film differ in a dubbed and a subtitled version in a country that traditionally uses dubbing, like Spain. Fifty-one young Spanish adults participated in the study, which measured general comprehension, dialogue recognition, face-name association and visual scene recognition, as well as evaluative measures including film appreciation, self-reported effort related to film viewing, and metacognitive judgments of memory.
Ávila, Alejandro. 1997. La censura en el doblaje cinematográfico en España [Censorship in Cinematographic Dubbing in Spain]. Barcelona: CIMS.
Ballester Casado, Ana. 1998. Traducción y nacionalismo. La recepción del cine americano en España a través del doblaje, 1920–1948 [Translation and Nationalism. The Reception of American Cinema in Spain through Dubbing, 1920–1948]. Granada: Comares.
Borges, Jorge Luis. 1945. “Sobre el doblaje [About Dubbing]”. Sur 1281, June 1945: 88–90.
Caillé, Pierre-François. 1965. “La traduction au cinema [Translation in Cinema]”. In Übersetzen- Vorträge und Beiträge vom Internationalen Kongress literarischer Übersetzer in Hamburg [Translation. Presentations and Contributions from the International Conference on Literary Translation held in Hamburg], ed. by Rolf Italiaander, 115–122. Frankfurt: Athenäum.
Chaume, Frederic. 2004. Cine y traducción [Cinema and Translation]. Madrid: Cátedra.
Chaume, Frederic. 2012. Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
Coolican, Hugh. 2009. Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder Education.
Danan, Martine. 1991. “Dubbing as an Expression of Nationalism”. Meta 361: 606–614.
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge. 1999. “Dubbing or Subtitling: the Eternal Dilemma”. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 7 (1): 31–40.
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge. 2003. Teoría y práctica de la subtitulación. Inglés-español [Subtitling Theory and Practice. English-Spanish.] Barcelona: Ariel.
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge, and Aline Remael. 2007. Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
Duarte Silva de Andrade Xavier, Catarina. 2009. Esbatendo o tabu: estratégias de traduçao para legendagem em Portugal [Blurring the Taboo: Translating Strategies for Subtitling in Portugal]. Universidade de Lisboa. [URL]
d’Ydewalle, Géry, and Wim De Bruycker. 2007. “Eye Movements of Children and Adults while Reading Television Subtitles.”. European Psychologist 121: 196–205.
d’Ydewalle, Géry, and Ingrid Gielen. 1992. “Attention Allocation with Overlapping Sound, Image, and Text”. In Eye Movements and Visual Cognition: Scene Perception and Reading, ed. by Keith Rayner, 415–427. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
d’Ydewalle, Géry, Caroiline Praet, Karl Verfaillie, and Johan Van Rensbergen. 1991. “Watching Subtitled Television. Automatic Reading Behaviour”. Communication Research 181: 650–666.
d’Ydewalle, Géry, Johan Van Rensbergen, and Joris Pollet. 1987. “Reading a Message when the Same Message is Available Auditorily in Another Language: The Case of Subtitling”. In Eye Movements: From Psychology to Cognition, ed. by John Kevin O’Regan, and Ariane Lévy-Schoen, 313–321. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Franco, Eliana, Anna Matamala, and Pilar Orero. 2010. Voice-over Translation: An Overview. Bern: Peter Lang.
Fuentes, Adrián. 2000. La recepción del humor audiovisual traducido: estudio comparative de fragmentos de las versiones dobladas y subtituladas al español de la película Duck Soup, de los Hermanos Marx [The Reception of Translated Audiovisual humour: Comparative Study of Excerpts of Spanish Dubbed and Subtitled Versions of the Film Duck Soup by the Marx Brothers.] PhD thesis. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Fuentes, Adrián. 2003. “An Empirical Approach to the Reception of AV Translated Humour. A Case Study of the Marx Brothers’ Duck Soup”. The Translator 9 (2):293–306.
Ghia, Elisa. 2012. Subtitling Matters. New Perspectives on Subtitling and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Peter Lang.
Gil Ariza, M. Carmen. 2004. “A Case Study: Spain as a Dubbing Country”. Translation Journal 291. [URL]
Gottlieb, Henrik. 1994. “Subtitling: People Translating People”. In Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2: Insights, Aims, Visions, ed. by Cay Dollerup, and Annette Lindegaard, 261–274. Amsterdam – Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Grillo, Virgil, and Bruce Kawin. 1981. “Reading at the Movies: Subtitles, Silence and the Structure of the Brain”. Post Script: Essays in Film and Humanities 11: 25–32.
Incalcaterra Mc McLoughlin, Laura, and Jennifer Lertola. 2011. “Learn through Subtitling: Subtitling as an Aid to Language Learning”. In Audiovisual Translation. Subtitles and Subtitling, ed. by Jennifer Lertola, 243–263. Bern: Peter Lang.
Izard, Natàlia. 2001. “Doblaje y subtitulación: una aproximación histórica [Dubbing and Subtitling: A Historical Approach]”. In La traducción para el doblaje y la subtitulación [Translation for Dubbing and Subtitling], coord. by Miguel Duro, 189–207. Madrid: Cátedra.
Kilborn, Richard. 1989. “They Don’t Speak Proper English. A New Look at the Dubbing and Subtitling Debate”. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 10 (5): 421–434.
Kilborn, Richard. 1993. “‘Speak My Language’. Current Attitudes to Television Subtitling and Dubbing”. Media, Culture and Society 151: 641–660.
Koolstra, Caes M., Allert L. Peeters, and Herman Spinhof. 2002. “The Pros and Cons of Dubbing and Subtitling”. Journal of Communication 171: 325–354.
Leboreiro, Fernanda, and Jesús Poza. 2001. “Subtitular: toda una ciencia… y todo un arte [Subtitling: a science… and an art]”. In La traducción para el doblaje y la subtitulación [Translation for Dubbing and Subtitling], coord. by Miguel Duro, 315–324. Madrid: Cátedra.
Luyken, George-Michael, Thomas Herbst, Jo Langham-Brown, Helen Reid, and Hermann Spinhof. 1991. Overcoming Language Barriers in Television. Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience. Manchester: The European Institute for the Media.
Mailhac, Jean-Pierre. 2000. “Subtitling and Dubbing, for Better or for Worse? The English Version of Gazon Maudit”. Paper presented at the Third International Conference and Exhibition on Converging Markets and Multimedia. Berlin, Germany.
Mangnus, J., H. Hoeken, and H. van Driel. 1994. “De Schaar van Wember en Ondertiteling: Experimenteel Onderzoek naar de Informatieoverdracht van Ondertitelde en Nederlands Gesproken Documentaires." [ The Scissors of Wember and Subtitling: Experimental Research on Information
Processing of Subtitled and Dutch Spoken Documentaries]. Communicatie 241: 1–11.
Marleau, Lucien. 1982. “Les sous-titres: Un mal nécessaire. [Subtitling: A Necessary Evil]”. Meta 271: 271–285.
Martín, Laurentino. 1994. “Estudio de las diferentes fases del proceso de doblaje [Study on the Different Stages of the Dubbing Process]”. In Trasvases culturales: literatura, cine, traducción [Cultural Transfers: Literature, Cinema, Translation], ed. by Federico Eguíluz, Raquel Merino, José Miguel Santamaría, and Eterio Pajares, 323–330. Gasteiz: UPF.
Martínez Sierra, Juan José. 2009. “Doblar o subtitular el humor, esa no es la cuestión [Dubbing or Subtitling Humour: that is not the question]”. Jostrans. Journal of Specialised Translation 121: 180–198.
Matamala, Anna, and Pilar Orero (eds.) 2010. Listening to Subtitles. Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Bern: Peter Lang.
MCG (Media Consulting Group). 2007. Study on Dubbing and Subtitling Needs and Practices in the European Audiovisual Industry. Final Report. European Commission, Directorate-General Education and Culture.
MCG (Media Consulting Group). 2011. Study on the Use of Subtitling. The Potential of Subtitling to Encourage Foreign Language Learning and Improve the Mastery of Foreign Languages. Final Report. European Commission, Directorate-General Education and Culture.
MECD (Ministerio de Educación, Cultural y Deporte [Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports]). 2012. European Survey on Language Competences (ESLC). Expert Analysis. [URL]
MECD (Ministerio de Educación, Cultural y Deporte [Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports]). 2013. Boletín informativo 20. Películas, recaudaciones, espectadores [Informative Report. Films, Box-Office, Audiences]. [URL]
Mera, Miguel. 1998. “Read My Lips: Re-evaluating Subtitling and Dubbing in Europe”. Links and Letters 61: 73–85.
Myers, Lora. 1973. “The Art of Dubbing”. Filmmakers Newsletter 61: 56–58.
Noël, Claude. 1970. “Le doublage de films [Film Dubbing]”. Traduire 641: 3–10.
Nootens, J., 1986. “Watching and Reading Television. Audience Behaviour and Subtitling”. Manuscript for lecture given at subtitling seminar at NOS, Hilversum, 22–23 May 1986.
OTX. 2010. Subtitling versus Dubbing: An OTX Case-Study Report to the UK Film Council. [URL]
Peeters, Allerd L., Annette Scherpenzeel, and J. H. Zantinge. 1988. Ondertiteling of nasynchronisatie van kinderprogramma’s [Subtitling or Dubbing of Children’s Programmes]. (Report No. R88–425). Hilversum: NOS.
Perego, Elisa, Fabio Del Missier, and Sara Bottiroli. 2015. “Dubbing versus Subtitling in Young and Older Adults: Cognitive and Evaluative Aspects”. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 23 (1): 1–21.
Perego, Elisa, Fabio Del Missier, Marco Porta, and Mauro Mosconi. 2010. “The Cognitive Effectiveness of Subtitle Processing”. Media Psychology 131: 243–272.
Perego, Elisa, Monika Laskowska, Anna Matamala, Aline Remael, Isabelle Roberts, Agnieszka Szarkowska, Anna Vilaró, and Sara Bottiroli. 2016. “Is Subtitling Equally Effective Everywhere? A First Cross-National Study on the Reception of Interlingually Subtitled Messages”. Across Languages and Cultures 17 (2): 205–229.
Reid, Helen. 1978. “Subtitling, The Intelligent Solution”. In Translating, A Profession, ed. by Paul A. Horguelin, 420–428. Ottawa Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council.
Remael, Aline. 2012. “Audio Description With Audio Subtitling for Dutch Multilingual Films: Manipulating Textual Cohesion at Different Levels”. Meta 57 (2): 385–427.
Van Lommel, S., Laenen, A., and d’Ydewalle, G.2006. “Foreign-grammar Acquisition while Watching Subtitled Television Programmes”. British Journal of Educational Psychology 761: 243–258.
von Feilitzen, Cecilia, Leni Filipson, and Ingela Schyller. 1979. Open Your Eyes to Children’s Viewing. Stockholm: Sveriges Radios Förlag.
Wissmath, Bartholomäus, and David Weibel. 2012. “Translating Movies and The Sensation of “Being There”. In Eye-tracking in Audiovisual Translation, ed. by Elisa Perego, 277–293. Rome: Aracne.
Wissmath, Bartholomäus, David Weibel, and Rudolf Groner. 2009. “Dubbing or Subtitling? Effects on Spatial Presence, Transportation, Flow, and Enjoyment”. Journal of Media Psychology 211: 114–125.
Zaro, Juan J.2000. “Perspectiva social del doblaje y la subtitulación [Social Perspective on Dubbing and Subtitling].” In Traducción subordinada (I). El doblaje, ed. by Lourdes Lorenzo, and Ana Pereira, 127–138. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo.
Cited by (15)
Cited by 15 other publications
İyilikci, Elvan Arıkan, Arife Demirel, Fatma Işık & Osman İyilikci
2024. How do sound and color features affect self-report emotional experience in response to film clips?. Current Psychology 43:11 ► pp. 10185 ff.
Brescia-Zapata, Marta, Krzysztof Krejtz, Andrew T. Duchowski, Chris J. Hughes & Pilar Orero
2023. Subtitles in VR 360° video. Results from an eye-tracking experiment. Perspectives► pp. 1 ff.
Díaz-Cintas, Jorge & Juan Zhang
2022. Going global against the tide. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 68:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Riniolo, Todd C. & Lesley J. Capuana
2022. Directly comparing subtitling and dubbing using Netflix: Examining enjoyment issues in the natural setting. Current Psychology 41:7 ► pp. 4252 ff.
Iturregui-Gallardo, Gonzalo & Anna Matamala
2021. Audio subtitling: dubbing and voice-over effects and their impact on user experience. Perspectives 29:1 ► pp. 64 ff.
Mehdizadkhani, Milad & Masood Khoshsaligheh
2021. Insertion or voice-off in rendition of graphic codes: an experiment in Persian dubbing. Visual Communication 20:1 ► pp. 81 ff.
2021. Quality is in the eye of the stakeholders: what do professional subtitlers and viewers think about subtitling?. Universal Access in the Information Society 20:4 ► pp. 661 ff.
2020. Rendering multilingualism through audio subtitles: shaping a categorisation for aural strategies. International Journal of Multilingualism 17:4 ► pp. 485 ff.
Sánchez-Mompeán, Sofía
2020. Introduction: Unhiding the Art. In The Prosody of Dubbed Speech, ► pp. 1 ff.
Sánchez-Mompeán, Sofía
2023. Engaging English Audiences in the Dubbing Experience: A Matter of Quality or Habituation?. Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 28:2 ► pp. 1 ff.
Qasim, Asil & Rashid Yahiaoui
2019. The Role of Subtitling and Dubbing in Arabic Vocabulary Acquisition: A Contrastive Study. SSRN Electronic Journal
2019. Two or three lines: a mixed-methods study on subtitle processing and preferences. Perspectives 27:1 ► pp. 144 ff.
Szarkowska, Agnieszka, Olivia Gerber-Morón & David Orrego-Carmona
2018. Viewers can keep up with fast subtitles: Evidence from eye movements. PLOS ONE 13:6 ► pp. e0199331 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 december 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.