Index

• a priori knowledge117

• affect 38, 58, 60, 89, 117

• affective meaning 4, 36, 49, 51, 60, 122, 132, 133, 135, 140, 141

• allusions 40, 51, 79, 136, 145

• ambient affiliation 38, 60

• background knowledge 91, 96, 98, 130, 153, 160, 174

• biaoqingbao 127, 128, 129, 131, 141

• Biden, Joe161

• Blackmore, Susan8

• Cantonese 132, 137, 138, 139

• Cassirer, Ernst27

• China12

• Chinese 19, 23, 134, 137, 138, 140, 141

• Chinese meme 28, 122, 123, 127, 128, 130, 134

• citations 72, 145

• Clinton, Hillary 150, 160, 161

• comment memes 101, 106, 115

• computer-mediated communication150

• constructed speech 145, 154, 155, 168

• contextual information64

• conventional knowledge99

• conversational routines (CRs) 106, 108

• critical discourse analysis 4, 64, 72

• cultural cognition100

• cultural knowledge 86, 88

• cultural lag150

• cultural transmission 7, 8, 69, 87

• Dawkins, Richard 8, 9, 30, 68, 69, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 111, 122

• diaosi 129, 130, 131, 139, 140

• digital age 116, 118

• digital culture 64, 65, 69, 81, 92, 123, 131

• direct and indirect quotes145

• discourse 80, 81, 100, 141, 154

• discursive power3

• discursive practice 58, 67, 68, 126, 135, 141

• discursive unit 64, 65, 75

• embodied representation60

• embodiment 11, 58, 59, 60, 115

• emotion 3, 11, 19, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 55, 91, 103, 128, 136, 141

• emphasis frame79

• entextualization126

• enthymeme69

• established memes 99, 110, 112, 115, 117

• essence of internet pragmatics1

• essence of technology 1, 2

• eternal values31

• Facebook 37, 43, 79, 81, 95, 105, 147

• face mask 21, 23

• facial expression 45, 46, 60, 127, 132, 133, 137, 140, 141

• fake quotes 151, 153

• fake-citations153

• fake-quoting151

• feminism150

• framing 78, 79, 80, 151

• gaofushuai130

• gender 47, 58, 60, 150

• General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH)41

• Google images 156, 158, 161, 163

• Grassroots networks147

• human agency 9, 78

• human nature 2, 7, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31

• humor 11, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 49, 53, 56, 58, 59, 69, 70, 75, 125, 126, 139, 152

• hypermemetic discourse 71, 80

• hypothetical or counterfactual quotes154

• identity 3, 68, 73, 91, 130, 131

• ideological 39, 64, 66, 69, 73, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82

• ideology 9, 26, 28, 80

• image macro 37, 44, 66, 112, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 136, 138

• imitation 8, 9, 16, 69, 94, 96, 122, 127

• implicature 66, 68

• improbable quotes153

• incongruity 4, 36, 37, 40, 41, 47, 51, 59, 125, 139

• infodemic 24, 25

• insider knowledge 91, 96, 116

• internet-mediated interaction 1, 2, 7, 27

• internet memes 2, 3, 4, 10, 24, 30, 31, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 58, 60, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 110, 116, 117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 145, 146

• internet pragmatics 1, 2, 3, 129

• intertextual references 135, 137, 138, 145

• intertextuality 4, 39, 40, 138, 146, 152, 153, 157, 158, 159, 167, 172, 175

• intertextuality features 168, 171

• Kaepernick, Colin 64, 65, 72, 73

• knowledge resources42

• latent capacity148

• lay-political discourse 147, 148

• LGBTQ+ 67, 68, 82

• localization 126, 128, 139

• media narrative 64, 65, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82

• meaning making 4, 26, 126

• meme carnival10

• meme concept 3, 4, 8, 12, 92

• meme genre 89, 94, 95, 110, 116

• meme output 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27

• meme river 15, 11

• meme typology 99, 101

• meme universe 100, 117

• meme usage 91, 92, 99, 102, 110, 112, 114, 116, 117

• meme-as-utterance64

• memes-as-response 64, 73

• memetic discourse150

• memetic message 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 19, 21, 23, 27

• metacommunicative act153

• misinformation 24, 25, 26

• mode of opening2

• morality27

• multimodal construction38

• multimodal humor 37, 41, 42, 61

• multimodal simile 38, 43, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 59, 60

• netizen 20, 64, 71, 123, 128

• Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm 7, 31

• nonsense memes 109, 115

• Obama, Barack 150, 154, 160, 161

• online humor50

• online political discourse 146, 151

• online political participation145

• other-knowledge29

• participatory culture 4, 10, 123, 145, 147

• perceptual pattern 53, 54

• philosophy of communication30

• plagiarism 153, 156

• political discourse 147, 150

• political internet memes 70, 145, 146, 147, 150

• polyvocal 64, 72

• pop-cultural 146, 152, 156, 157, 159, 162, 163, 167, 175

• pragmatics 1, 2, 3, 67, 75

• pseudo-references153

• quoting 151, 153, 155, 156

• reaction memes 101, 106, 108, 114, 115

• recontextualization 4, 126, 141, 148, 151, 172, 173

• Reddit 156, 157, 160, 161, 162

• referring strategies 4, 145, 146, 152, 154, 175

• register humor40

• reported speech 56, 154

• resemiotization126

• revaluation of all values31

• revealing2

• Sanders, Bernie 150, 156, 160, 161

• satirical humor146

• script opposition 41, 42, 54, 56, 58, 59

• self-knowledge29

• semantics 4, 26, 58, 85, 97, 109, 114, 115

• semiotic 58, 86

• shared knowledge 89, 97, 98, 116, 118, 175

• Shifman, Limor 10, 11, 36, 39, 50, 71, 80, 81, 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 104, 147, 148, 151, 152

• situation memes 101, 103, 115

• situation-bound utterances (SBUs)106

• Social Networking Sites147

• social practices 4, 7, 11

• source and target context145

• Sperber, Dan 87, 88

• stance 94, 122, 126, 132, 133, 136, 138, 140, 141, 172, 173

• stereotype 47, 48, 58, 60, 80, 125, 126

• style 40, 41, 42, 47, 49, 58, 59, 125, 128, 130, 138

• stylistic humor 4, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 58, 125

• stylistic incongruity 40, 42, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 125, 130, 132, 138

• stylistic varieties 36, 37, 41, 47, 57

• technology 1, 2, 50, 97

• technology-mediated communication 49, 61

• technology-mediated discourse50

• telecinematic 146, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162, 175

• text-messaging51

• transformative power 3, 4, 7, 31

• Trump, Donald 25, 75, 79, 150, 160, 161

• Twitter 65, 72, 73, 74, 76, 81, 123, 151, 156, 157

• US politics 146, 150, 156, 160

• US presidential campaign 146, 149, 150

• valence46

• ventriloquizing quotes 153, 154, 155

• viewpoint 38, 54, 55, 123

• virality150

• visibility 4, 145, 146, 152

• visual input 36, 37, 40, 44, 45, 50, 54, 56, 59

• when-memes 36, 37, 43, 44, 53, 60

• Wittgenstein, Ludwig29

• wordplay 122, 132, 134, 138